popper.8
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- ." Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
- ." All rights reserved.
- ."
- ." Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
- ." provided that this notice is preserved and that due credit is given
- ." to the University of California at Berkeley. The name of the University
- ." may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
- ." software without specific prior written permission. This software
- ." is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.
- ."
- ." @(#)@(#)popper.8 2.3 2.3 (CCS) 4/2/91 Copyright (c) 1990 Regents of the University of California.nAll rights reserved.n
- ."
- .TH popper 8 "August 1990"
- .UC 6
- .ad
- .SH NAME
- popper - pop 3 server
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B /usr/etc/popper
- [ -d ]
- [ -s ]
- [ -k ]
- [ -t trace-file]
- [ -T timeout]
- [ -b bulldir]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .I Popper
- is an implementation of the Post Office Protocol server that runs on a
- variety of Unix computers to manage electronic mail for Macintosh
- and MS-DOS computers. The server was developed at the University of
- California at Berkeley and conforms fully to the specifications in RFC
- 1939.
- .PP
- The
- .B -d
- flag sets the socket to debugging and turns on debugging. All debugging
- information is saved using syslog(8). The
- .B -t trace-file
- flag turns on debugging and saves the trace information in
- .I trace-file
- using fprintf(3V).
- .PP
- The
- .B -k
- flag enables kerberos authentication when popper has been compiled with
- the KERBEROS define. You must already have libraries that support Kerberos.
- .PP
- The
- .B -s
- flag turns on statistics logging using syslog(8). At the end of each popper
- session, the following information is logged: username, number of
- messages deleted, number of bytes deleted, number of message left on server,
- number of bytes left on server.
- .PP
- The
- .B -T timeout
- option changes the default compiled value POP_TIMEOUT for terminating a
- session with a pop client.
- When the server is waiting for a command to arrive from the client, it
- times out after the specified number of seconds and terminates the session.
- This avoids having popper processes hang forever waiting for command input
- from clients which have terminated abnormally.
- A small value is ok for small to medium nets where
- the network delay is within a few seconds. In this case 15-30 seconds is
- not unreasonable. Networks with large delays in sending packets (e.g., SLIP
- links) may require a larger value. In this case 300 seconds (5 minutes) is not
- unreasonable.
- .PP
- The
- .B -b bulldir
- option turns on the bulletin feature and specifies the bulletin directory path.
- .SH BULLETINS
- .PP
- The bulletin feature gives system administrators a way to send important
- announcements to all POP users without having to do mass mailings.
- .PP
- The bulletin directory contains one file per bulletin. Each file
- contains a single mail message with header and body in
- mailbox format. The first line of each such bulletin must be a "From " line.
- The easiest way for sysadmins to create such bulletins is to mail themselves
- a copy of the bulletin using the account to which they want replies to be sent,
- then use their mail program to save the message to a file in the bulletin
- directory in mailbox format. The bulletin directory must be world readable.
- .PP
- The name of each bulletin file begins with the bulletin number, and may
- optionally continue with any other characters. E.g., the file name of
- bulletin number 23 might be "23.pophost_down_sunday".
- .PP
- Popper creates a file named .popbull
- in the home directory of each user.
- This file contains a single line recording the highest numbered bulletin
- received by the user.
- .PP
- Each time a POP client connects to the server, any new bulletins which
- the user has not received previously are automatically appended to the
- user's mail.
- .PP
- When a bulletin is copied, the "To" header line
- is replaced by "To: username@thishost", and any "Status:" header lines are
- deleted. Otherwise, the bulletin is copied as is.
- .PP
- When a new user checks for mail the first time, popper creates the .popbull
- file in the user's home directory and seeds it with the current maximum
- bulletin number. Thus new users do not get old bulletins.
- .SH THE POP TRANSACTION CYCLE
- .PP
- The Berkeley POP server is a single program (called popper) that is
- launched by inetd when it gets a service request on the POP TCP port.
- (The official port number specified in RFC 1081 for POP version 3 is
- port 110. However, some POP3 clients attempt to contact the server at
- port 109, the POP version 2 port. Unless you are running both POP2 and
- POP3 servers, you can simply define both ports for use by the POP3
- server. This is explained in the installation instructions later on.)
- The popper program initializes and verifies that the peer IP address is
- registered in the local domain, logging a warning message when a
- connection is made to a client whose IP address does not have a
- canonical name. For systems using BSD 4.3 bind, it also checks to see
- if a cannonical name lookup for the client returns the same peer IP
- address, logging a warning message if it does not. The the server
- enters the authorization state, during which the client must correctly
- identify itself by providing a valid Unix userid and password on the
- server's host machine. No other exchanges are allowed during this
- state (other than a request to quit.) If authentication fails, a
- warning message is logged and the session ends. Once the user is
- identified, popper changes its user and group ids to match that of the
- user and enters the transaction state. The server makes a temporary
- copy of the user's maildrop which is
- used for all subsequent transactions. These include the bulk of POP
- commands to retrieve mail, delete mail, undelete mail, and so forth.
- When the client quits, the server enters the final update state during which
- the network connection is terminated and the user's maildrop is updated
- with the (possibly) modified temporary maildrop.
- .SH LOGGING
- .PP
- The POP server uses syslog to keep a record of its activities. On
- systems with BSD 4.3 syslogging, the server logs (by default) to the
- "local0" facility at priority "notice" for all messages except
- debugging which is logged at priority "debug". The default log file is
- /usr/spool/mqueue/POPlog. These can be changed, if desired. On
- systems with 4.2 syslogging all messages are logged to the local log
- file, usually /usr/spool/mqueue/syslog.
- .SH DEBUGGING
- .PP
- The popper program will log debugging information when the -d parameter
- is specified after its invocation in the inetd.conf file. Care should
- be exercised in using this option since it generates considerable
- output in the syslog file. Alternatively, the "-t <file-name>" option
- will place debugging information into file "<file-name>" using fprintf
- instead of syslog.
- .PP
- For SunOS version 3.5, the popper program is launched by inetd from
- /etc/servers. This file does not allow you to specify command line
- arguments. Therefore, if you want to enable debugging, you can specify
- a shell script in /etc/servers to be launched instead of popper and in
- this script call popper with the desired arguments.
- .PP
- You can confirm that the POP server is running on Unix by telneting to
- port 110 (or 109 if you set it up that way). For example:
- .PP
- .nf
- %telnet myhost 110
- Trying...
- Connected to myhost.berkeley.edu.
- Escape character is '^]'.
- +OK UCB Pop server (version 1.6) at myhost starting.
- quit
- Connection closed by foreign host.
- .fi
- .SH EXTENSIONS
- .PP
- The server implements two extended commands.
- .PP
- XTND XMIT: Sends a mail message using /usr/lib/sendmail.
- .PP
- XTND XLIST header [num]: Extracts and returns the specified header line
- for the specified message number. If the "num" parameter is missing,
- returns the header line for all the messages which are not currently
- marked for deletion.
- .SH FILES
- .nf
- /usr/spool/mail mail files
- /etc/inetd.conf pop program invocation
- /etc/syslog.conf logging specifications
- ~/.popbull largest bulletin number seen by user
- .fi
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- inetd(8),
- RFC1081,
- RFC1082,
- RFC1939
- .SH AUTHORS
- Bob Campbell, Edward Moy, Austin Shelton, Marshall T Rose, and cast of
- thousands at Rand, UDel, UCI, and elsewhere