EXECL.3
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- EXECL(3) Minix Programmer's Manual EXECL(3)
- NAME
- execl, execv, execle, execlp, execvp, exec, environ - execute a file
- SYNOPSIS
- #include <unistd.h>
- int execl(const char *name, const char *arg0, ..., (char *) NULL)
- int execv(const char *name, char *const argv[])
- int execle(const char *name, const char *arg0, ..., (char *) NULL, char
- *const envp[])
- int execlp(const char *name, const char *arg0, ..., (char *) NULL)
- int execvp(const char *name, char *const argv[])
- extern char *const *environ;
- DESCRIPTION
- These routines provide various interfaces to the execve system call.
- Refer to execve(2) for a description of their properties; only brief
- descriptions are provided here.
- Exec in all its forms overlays the calling process with the named file,
- then transfers to the entry point of the core image of the file. There
- can be no return from a successful exec; the calling core image is lost.
- The name argument is a pointer to the name of the file to be executed.
- The pointers arg[0], arg[1] ... address null-terminated strings.
- Conventionally arg[0] is the name of the file.
- Two interfaces are available. execl is useful when a known file with
- known arguments is being called; the arguments to execl are the character
- strings constituting the file and the arguments; the first argument is
- conventionally the same as the file name (or its last component). A null
- pointer argument must end the argument list. (Note that the execl*
- functions are variable argument functions. This means that the type of
- the arguments beyond arg0 is not checked. So the null pointer requires
- an explicit cast to type (char *) if not of that type already.)
- The execv version is useful when the number of arguments is unknown in
- advance; the arguments to execv are the name of the file to be executed
- and a vector of strings containing the arguments. The last argument
- string must be followed by a null pointer.
- When a C program is executed, it is called as follows:
- int main(int argc, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
- exit(main(argc, argv, envp));
- 5BSD April 25, 1986 1
- EXECL(3) Minix Programmer's Manual EXECL(3)
- where argc is the argument count and argv is an array of character
- pointers to the arguments themselves. As indicated, argc is
- conventionally at least one and the first member of the array points to a
- string containing the name of the file.
- Argv is directly usable in another execv because argv[argc] is 0.
- Envp is a pointer to an array of strings that constitute the environment
- of the process. Each string consists of a name, an "=", and a null-
- terminated value. The array of pointers is terminated by a null pointer.
- The shell sh(1) passes an environment entry for each global shell
- variable defined when the program is called. See environ(7) for some
- conventionally used names. The C run-time start-off routine places a
- copy of envp in the global cell environ, which is used by execv and execl
- to pass the environment to any subprograms executed by the current
- program.
- Execlp and execvp are called with the same arguments as execl and execv,
- but duplicate the shell's actions in searching for an executable file in
- a list of directories. The directory list is obtained from the
- environment variable PATH. Under standard Minix, if a file is found that
- is executable, but does not have the proper executable header then it is
- assumed to be a shell script. Execlp and execvp execute /bin/sh to
- interpret the script. Under Minix-vmd this does not happen, a script
- must begin with #! and the full path name of the interpreter if it is to
- be an executable script.
- SEE ALSO
- execve(2), fork(2), environ(7), sh(1).
- DIAGNOSTICS
- If the file cannot be found, if it is not executable, if it does not
- start with a valid magic number (see a.out(5)), if maximum memory is
- exceeded, or if the arguments require too much space, a return
- constitutes the diagnostic; the return value is -1 and errno is set as
- for execve. Even for the super-user, at least one of the execute-
- permission bits must be set for a file to be executed.
- 5BSD April 25, 1986 2