MAN.1
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操作系统开发
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- .TH MAN 1
- .SH NAME
- man - display online manual pages
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B man
- .RB [ -antkf ]
- .RB [ -M
- .IR path ]
- .RB [ -s
- .IR section ]
- .IR title " ..."
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .B Man
- displays the online manual pages for the specified titles in the specified
- sections. The sections are as follows:
- .PP
- .TP
- .B 1
- User Commands
- .br
- Generic commands such as
- .BR ls ,
- .BR cp ,
- .BR grep .
- .TP
- .B 2
- System Calls
- .br
- Low level routines that directly interface with the kernel.
- .TP
- .B 3
- Library Routines
- .br
- Higher level C language subroutines.
- .TP
- .B 4
- Device Files
- .br
- Describes devices in
- .BR /dev .
- .TP
- .B 5
- File Formats
- .br
- Formats of files handled by various utilities and subroutines.
- .TP
- .B 6
- Games
- .br
- It's not s-2UNIXs+2 without an adventure game.
- .TP
- .B 7
- Miscellaneous
- .br
- Macro packages, miscellaneous tidbits.
- .TP
- .B 8
- System Utilities
- .br
- Commands for the System Administrator.
- .TP
- .B 9
- Documents
- .br
- Larger manuals explaining some commands in more detail.
- .PP
- (If you are new to Minix then try
- .BR "man hier" ,
- it will show you around the file system and give you many pointers to other
- manual pages.)
- .PP
- By default,
- .B man
- will try the following files in a manual page directory for the command
- .BR "man -s 1 ls" :
- .PP
- .RS
- .ft B
- .nf
- cat1/ls.1
- cat1/ls.1.Z
- man1/ls.1
- man1/ls.1.Z
- .fi
- .ft P
- .RE
- .PP
- Files in the man[1-8] directories are formatted with
- .BR "nroff -man" .
- Those in man9 are formatted with
- .BR "nroff -mnx" .
- Files in the cat? directories are preformatted. Files with names ending in
- .B .Z
- are decompressed first with
- .B zcat
- (see
- .BR compress (1)).
- The end result is presented to the user using a pager if displaying on
- the screen.
- .PP
- For each manual page directory in its search path,
- .B man
- will first try all the subdirectories of the manual page directory for
- the files above, and then the directory itself. The directory
- .B /usr/man
- contains the standard manual pages, with manual pages for optional
- packages installed in a subdirectory of /usr/man, with the same
- structure as /usr/man. The directory
- .B /usr/local/man
- contains manual pages for locally added software. By default
- /usr/local/man is searched first, then /usr/man.
- .PP
- A title is not simply used as a filename, because several titles may
- refer to the same manual page. Each manual page directory contains a
- database of titles in the
- .BR whatis (5)
- file that is created by
- .BR makewhatis (8)
- from the NAME sections of all the manual pages. A title is searched in
- this database and the first title on a whatis line is used as a filename.
- .SH OPTIONS
- The options may be interspersed with the titles to search, and take effect
- for the titles after them.
- .TP
- .B -a
- Show all the manual pages or one line descriptions with the given title in
- all the specified sections in all the manual directories in the search path.
- Normally only the first page found is shown.
- .TP
- .B -n
- Use
- .B nroff -man
- to format manual pages (default).
- .TP
- .B -t
- Use
- .B troff -man
- to format manual pages.
- .TP
- .B -f
- Use
- .BR whatis (1)
- to show a one line description of the title from the
- .BR whatis (5)
- file.
- .TP
- .B -k
- Use
- .BR apropos (1)
- to show all the one line descriptions of the title anywhere in the
- .BR whatis (5)
- files (implies
- .BR -a ).
- .TP
- .BI -M " path"
- Use
- .I path
- as the search path for manual directories.
- .TP
- .BI -s " section"
- .I Section
- is the section number the page is to be found in, or a comma separated
- list of sections to use. Normally all sections are searched. The
- search is always in numerical order no matter what your section list looks
- like. A single digit is treated as a section number without the
- .B -s
- for compatibility with BSD-style
- .B man
- commands.
- .SH ENVIRONMENT
- .TP 15n
- .B MANPATH
- This is a colon separated list of directories to search for manual
- pages, by default
- .BR /usr/local/man:/usr/man .
- .TP
- .B PAGER
- The program to use to display the manual page or one line descriptions on
- the screen page by page. By default
- .BR more .
- .SH FILES
- .TP 25n
- /usr/man/whatis
- One of the
- .BR whatis (5)
- databases.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .BR nroff (1),
- .BR troff (1),
- .BR more (1),
- .BR whatis (1),
- .BR makewhatis (1),
- .BR catman (1),
- .BR whatis (5),
- .BR man (7).
- .SH AUTHOR
- Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)