FCNTL.2
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上传日期:2007-02-01
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操作系统开发
开发平台:
C/C++
- .TH FCNTL 2
- .SH NAME
- fcntl - miscellaneous file descriptor control functions
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .nf
- .ft B
- #include <fcntl.h>
- int fcntl(int fIfdfP, int *fIcmdfP, fR[fPfIdatafPfR]fP)
- .ft P
- .fi
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .de SP
- .if t .sp 0.4
- .if n .sp
- ..
- .B Fcntl()
- performs several file descriptor related functions, like duplicating a file
- descriptor, setting the "close on exec" attribute, etc. The
- .I fd
- argument is the file descriptor to operate on,
- .I cmd
- is the command code of the operation to perform, and
- .I data
- is an optional argument to give or receive parameters. The command
- codes and other symbols and types are declared in <fcntl.h>. The commands
- are:
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_DUPFD, int " fd2 ")"
- .RS
- Returns a new file descriptor that is a duplicate of file descriptor
- .IR fd .
- It shares the same file pointer and the same file status flags, but has
- separate file descriptor flags that are initially off. The value of the
- duplicate file descriptor is the first free file descriptor greater than
- or equal to
- .IR fd2 .
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_GETFD)"
- .RS
- Returns the file descriptor flags associated with file descriptor
- .IR fd .
- The flags are the "close on exec" flag
- .B FD_CLOEXEC
- that, when set, causes the file descriptor to be closed when the process
- executes another program. The Minix-vmd specific
- .B FD_ASYNCHIO
- flag marks a file descriptor for asynchronous I/O operation.
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETFD, int " flags ")"
- .RS
- Set the file descriptor flags of
- .I fd
- to
- .IR flags .
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_GETFL)"
- .RS
- Return the file status flags and file access modes associated with the file
- associated with file descriptor
- .IR fd .
- The file status flags are
- .B O_NONBLOCK
- (non blocking I/O) and
- .B O_APPEND
- (append mode). The file access modes are
- .B O_RDONLY
- (read-only),
- .B O_WRONLY
- (write-only) and
- .B O_RDWR
- (read-write). These flags are also used in the second argument of
- .BR open (2).
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETFL, int " flags ")"
- .RS
- Set the file status flags of the file referenced by
- .I fd
- to
- .IR flags .
- Only
- .B O_NONBLOCK
- and
- .B O_APPEND
- may be changed. Access mode flags are ignored.
- .RE
- .SP
- The next four commands use a parameter of type
- .B struct flock
- that is defined in <fcntl.h> as:
- .SP
- .RS
- .nf
- .ta +4n +8n +12n
- struct flock {
- short l_type; /* F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, or F_UNLCK */
- short l_whence; /* SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, or SEEK_END */
- off_t l_start; /* byte offset to start of segment */
- off_t l_len; /* length of segment */
- pid_t l_pid; /* process id of the locks' owner */
- };
- .fi
- .RE
- .SP
- This structure describes a segment of a file.
- .B L_type
- is the lock operation performed on the file segment:
- .B F_RDLCK
- to set a read lock,
- .B F_WRLCK
- to set a write lock, and
- .B F_UNLCK
- to remove a lock. Several processes may have a read lock on a segment, but
- only one process can have a write lock.
- .B L_whence
- tells if the
- .B l_start
- offset must be interpreted from the start of the file
- .RB ( SEEK_SET ),
- the current file position
- .RB ( SEEK_CUR ),
- or the end of the file
- .RB ( SEEK_END ).
- This is analogous to the third parameter of
- .BR lseek (2).
- These
- .B SEEK_*
- symbols are declared in <unistd.h>.
- .B L_start
- is the starting offset of the segment of the file.
- .B L_end
- is the length of the segment. If zero then the segment extends until end of
- file.
- .B L_pid
- is the process-id of the process currently holding a lock on the segment.
- It is returned by
- .BR F_GETLK .
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_GETLK, struct flock *" lkp ")"
- .RS
- Find out if some other process has a lock on a segment of the file
- associated by file descriptor
- .I fd
- that overlaps with the segment described by the
- .B flock
- structure pointed to by
- .IR lkp .
- If the segment is not locked then
- .B l_type
- is set to
- .BR F_UNLCK .
- Otherwise an
- .B flock
- structure is returned through
- .I lkp
- that describes the lock held by the other process.
- .B L_start
- is set relative to the start of the file.
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETLK, struct flock *" lkp ")"
- .RS
- Register a lock on a segment of the file associated with file descriptor
- .IR fd .
- The file segment is described by the
- .B struct flock
- pointed to by
- .IR lkp .
- This call returns an error if any part of the segment is already locked.
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SETLKW, struct flock *" lkp ")"
- .RS
- Register a lock on a segment of the file associated with file descriptor
- .IR fd .
- The file segment is described by the
- .B struct flock
- pointed to by
- .IR lkp .
- This call blocks waiting for the lock to be released if any part of the
- segment is already locked.
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_FREESP, struct flock *" lkp ")"
- .RS
- Free a segment of disk space occupied by the file associated with file
- descriptor
- .IR fd .
- The segment is described by the
- .B struct flock
- pointed to by
- .IR lkp .
- The file is truncated in length to the byte position indicated by
- .B l_start
- if
- .B l_len
- is zero. If
- .B l_len
- is nonzero then the file keeps its size, but the freed bytes now read as
- zeros. (Other than sharing the flock structure, this call has nothing to do
- with locking.)
- .RE
- .SP
- .BI "fcntl(" fd ", F_SEEK, u64_t " pos ")"
- .RS
- This Minix-vmd specific call sets the file position of the file associated
- with file descriptor
- .I fd
- to the byte offset indicated by the 64-bit number
- .IR pos .
- This is analogous to the call
- .SP
- .RS
- .BI "lseek(" fd ", " pos ", SEEK_SET)"
- .RE
- .SP
- except that
- .B F_SEEK
- can be used on devices larger than 4 gigabyte.
- .RE
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .BR open (2),
- .BR dup (2),
- .BR lseek (2),
- .BR ftruncate (3),
- .BR int64 (3).
- .SH DIAGNOSTICS
- .B Fcntl
- returns a file descriptor, flags, or
- .B 0
- to indicate success. On error
- .B -1
- is returned, with
- .B errno
- set to the appropriate error code. The most notable errors are:
- .TP 5
- .B EINTR
- If a blocked
- .B F_SETLKW
- operation is interrupted by a signal that is caught.
- .TP
- .B EAGAIN
- By
- .B F_SETLK
- if a segment cannot be locked.
- .TP
- .B EBADF
- A bad file descriptor in general, or an attempt to place a write lock on a
- file that is not open for writing, etc.
- .TP
- .B ENOLCK
- No locks available, the file system code has run out of internal table
- space.
- .SH AUTHOR
- Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)