LS.1
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操作系统开发
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- LS(1) Minix Programmer's Manual LS(1)
- NAME
- ls - list the contents of a directory
- SYNOPSIS
- ls [-acdfgilqrstu1ACFLMRTX] [name...]
- DESCRIPTION
- For each file argument, list it. For each directory argument, list its
- contents. The current working directory is listed when no files are
- named. Information is printed multicolumn on terminals, single column if
- the output is redirected. The options control what information is shown
- and how.
- Ls has two sources other then the commands line to draw options from, one
- is the environment variable LSOPTS and is used only when the output of ls
- is displayed on a terminal. The other is the name of ls itself. If ls
- is linked to another name, then all the characters after the l are used
- as flags too, except that f, r, t and x are translated to F, R, T and X.
- Useful links are ll, lf, lm and lx.
- Files whose names start with a dot are by default not listed.
- Note that standard Minix doesn't have symbolic links or sockets and -u
- and -c are no-ops on a V1 file system, since only modified times are
- stored in V1 inodes.
- OPTIONS
- -a All entries are listed, even . and ..
- -c Use inode changed time for sorting, listing or searching.
- -d Do not list contents of directories, but list the directory itself.
- -f Do not sort (should also be: treat a file as a directory, but that
- can't be implemented portably).
- -g Suppress the owner name on a long listing (implies -l).
- -i I-node number printed in first column.
- -l Long listing: mode, links, owner, group, size and time. (ls -lC
- uses columns in a wide enough window!)
- -n Print numerical user and group id's.
- -q Print nongraphic characters as '?' (default on terminals).
- 1
- LS(1) Minix Programmer's Manual LS(1)
- -r Reverse the sort order.
- -s Give size in kilobytes.
- -t Sort by time (modified time default), latest first.
- -u Use last accessed time for sorting, listing or searching.
- -1 Print in one column.
- -A List all entries, but not . and .. (This is the default for
- privileged users.)
- -C Print multicolumn (default on terminals).
- -F Mark directories with a '/', executables with a '*', UNIX domain
- sockets with a '=' and symbolic links with a '@' behind the name.
- -L Print the file referenced by a symbolic link instead of the link.
- -M List mode before name (implies -C).
- -R List directory trees recursively.
- -T Group files by type, i.e. regular files together, directories
- together, etc.
- -X Print crunched mode and size before name (implies -C). Only the rwx
- permissions that its caller has on the file, but they are in upper
- case if the caller owns the file and has given the permission to the
- callers group or other users. The size is listed in bytes (<= 5K),
- or rounded up kilo, mega or gigabytes.
- SEE ALSO
- du(1), stat(1), stat(2).
- BUGS
- Having to type ls -C when viewing files through more(1).
- Is only portable to systems with the same st_mode (see stat(2)).
- The LSOPTS variable and the -M, -T and -X flags are not found on other ls
- implementations. (They have there own nonstandard flags.)
- AUTHOR
- Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)
- 2