USAGE
资源名称:NETVIDEO.rar [点击查看]
上传用户:sun1608
上传日期:2007-02-02
资源大小:6116k
文件大小:18k
源码类别:
流媒体/Mpeg4/MP4
开发平台:
Visual C++
- % lame [options] inputfile [outputfile]
- =======================================================================
- Examples:
- =======================================================================
- fixed bit rate jstereo 128kbs encoding:
- % lame sample.wav sample.mp3
- fixed bit rate jstereo 128kbs encoding, highest quality: (recommended)
- % lame -h sample.wav sample.mp3
- To disable joint stereo encoding (slightly faster, but less quality at bitrates<=128kbs)
- % lame -m s sample.wav sample.mp3
- Fast encode, low quality (no psycho-acoustics)
- % lame -f sample.wav sample.mp3
- Variable Bitrate (VBR): (use -V n to adjust quality/filesize)
- % lame -h -v sample.wav sample.mp3
- Note: VBR is currently under heavy development. Right now it can
- often result in too much compression. I would recommend using VBR
- with a minimum bitrate of 112kbs. This will let LAME increase
- the bitrate for difficult-to-encode frames, but prevent LAME from
- being too aggressive for simple frames:
- % lame -h -v -b 112 sample.wav sample.mp3
- =======================================================================
- LOW BITRATES
- =======================================================================
- At lower bitrates, (like 24kbs per channel), it is recommended that
- you use a 16kHz sampling rate combined with lowpass filtering. LAME,
- as well as commercial encoders (FhG, Xing) will do this automatically.
- However, if you feel there is too much (or not enough) lowpass
- filtering, you may need to try different values of the lowpass cutoff
- and passband width (--lowpass and --lowpass-width options).
- =======================================================================
- STREAMING EXAMPLES
- =======================================================================
- Streaming mono 22.05kHz raw pcm, 24kbs output:
- % cat inputfile | lame -r -m m -b 24 -s 22.05 - - > output
- Streaming mono 22.05kHz raw pcm, with downsampling to 16kHz:
- % cat inputfile | sox -t raw -x -w -s -c 1 -r 22050 - -t raw -x -w -s -c 1 -r 16000 - resample 0.66 | lame -r -m m -b 24 -s 16 - - > output
- You may or may not need one or both of the "-x" (swap bytes) option in Sox.
- =======================================================================
- For more options, just type:
- % lame --help
- Scripts are included to run lame on multiple files:
- bach script: mlame Run "mlame -h" for instructions.
- sh script: auenc Run auenc for instructions
- =======================================================================
- options guide:
- =======================================================================
- These options are explained in detail below.
- Quality related:
- -m m/s/j/f mode selection
- -k disable all filtering
- -d allow block types to differ between channels
- --athonly ignore psy-model output, only use masking from the ATH
- --voice experimental voice encoding mode
- --noshort disable short blocks
- Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
- -b n set bitrate (8,16,24,...,320)
- -h higher quality but slower
- -f disable psycho-acoustics. Encoding much faster but lower quality
- Variable Bit Rate (VBR)
- -v VBR
- -V n VBR quality setting (0=highest quality, 9=lowest)
- -b n specify a minimum allowed bitrate (8,16,24,...,320)
- -B n specify a maximum allowed bitrate (8,16,24,...,320)
- -t disable Xing VBR informational tag
- --nohist disable display of VBR bitrate histogram
- Experimental (undocumented): may work better or worse:
- -X n try different quality measures (when comparing quantizations)
- -Y try to use scalefac_select
- -Z try to use subblock_gain
- Operational:
- -r assume input file is raw PCM
- -s n input sampling frequency in kHz (for raw PCM input files)
- --resample n output sampling frequency
- --mp3input input file is an MP3 file. decode using mpglib/mpg123
- -x swap bytes of input file
- -a downmix stereo input file to mono .mp3
- -e n/5/c de-emphasis
- -p add CRC error protection
- -c mark the encoded file as copyrighted
- -o mark the encoded file as a copy
- -S don't print progress report, VBR histogram
- -g run MP3x, the graphical frame analyzer
- id3 tagging:
- --tt "title" title of song (max 30 chars)
- --ta "artist" artist who did the song (max 30 chars)
- --tl "album" album where it came from (max 30 chars)
- --ty "year" year in which the song/album was made (max 4 chars)
- --tc "comment" additional info (max 30 chars)
- --tg "genre" genre of song (name or number)
- options not yet described:
- --nores disable bit reservoir
- --noath disable ATH
- --cwlimit <freq> specify range of tonality calculation
- --lowpass
- --lowpass-width
- --highpass
- --highpass-width
- =======================================================================
- Detailed description of all options in alphabetical order
- =======================================================================
- =======================================================================
- downmix
- =======================================================================
- -a
- mix the stereo input file to mono and encode as mono.
- This option is only needed in the case of raw PCM stereo input
- (because LAME cannot determine the number of channels in the input file).
- To encode a stereo PCM input file as mono, use "lame -m s -a"
- For WAV and AIFF input files, using "-m m" will always produce a
- mono .mp3 file from both mono and stereo input.
- =======================================================================
- ATH only
- =======================================================================
- --athonly
- This option causes LAME to ignore the output of the psy-model and
- only use masking from the ATH. Might be useful at very high bitrates
- or for testing the ATH.
- =======================================================================
- bitrate
- =======================================================================
- -b n
- For MPEG1 (sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48kHz)
- n = 32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,160,192,224,256,320
- For MPEG2 (sampling frequencies of 16, 22.05 and 24kHz)
- n = 8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,144,160
- The bitrate to be used. Default is 128kbs MPEG1, 80kbs MPEG2.
- When used with variable bitrate encodings (VBR), -b specifies the
- minimum bitrate to use. This is useful to prevent LAME VBR from
- using some very aggressive compression which can cause some distortion
- due to small flaws in the psycho-acoustic model.
- =======================================================================
- max bitrate
- =======================================================================
- -B n
- For MPEG1 (sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48kHz)
- n = 32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,160,192,224,256,320
- For MPEG2 (sampling frequencies of 16, 22.05 and 24kHz)
- n = 8,16,24,32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,144,160
- Maximum allowed bitrate when using VBR.
- =======================================================================
- copyright
- =======================================================================
- -c
- mark the encoded file as copyrighted
- =======================================================================
- block type control
- =======================================================================
- -d
- Allows the left and right channels to use different block types.
- Normally this is not allowed, only because the FhG encoder does
- not seem to allow it either. If anyone finds a sample where -d
- produces better results, let me know. (mt@sulaco.org)
- =======================================================================
- de-emphasis
- =======================================================================
- -e n/5/c
- n = (none, default)
- 5 = 0/15 microseconds
- c = citt j.17
- All this does is set a flag in the bitstream. If you have a PCM
- input file where one of the above types of (obsolete) emphasis has
- been applied, you can set this flag in LAME. Then the mp3 decoder
- should de-emphasize the output during playback, although most
- decoders ignore this flag.
- A better solution would be to apply the de-emphasis with a standalone
- utility before encoding, and then encode without -e.
- =======================================================================
- fast mode
- =======================================================================
- -f
- disable psycho-acoustics. Encoding much faster but lower quality
- =======================================================================
- graphical frame analyzer
- =======================================================================
- -g
- run MP3x, the graphical frame analyzer analysis on the inputfile. The
- inputfile can be either an .mp3 file or uncompressed audio file. MP3x
- support must be compiled into LAME, and requires GTK 1.2.
- Documentation is under the About pull down menu.
- =======================================================================
- high quality
- =======================================================================
- -h
- use (maybe) some quality improvements
- LAME 3.21 and up: -h enables specialized mid/side masking thresholds to
- be used in jstereo mode. Will sound better in jstereo mode
- but is 20% slower. No effect for mono files.
- LAME 3.58beta and up: -h also enables a more accurate but slightly
- slower quantization formula.
- =======================================================================
- sfb=21 cutoff
- =======================================================================
- -k
- keep all frequencies. (Disable all filters)
- Without -k, LAME will automatically apply various types of lowpass
- filters. This is because the high frequency coefficients can take up
- a lot of bits that would be better used for lower, more important
- frequencies.
- =======================================================================
- Modes:
- =======================================================================
- -m m mono.
- -m s stereo
- -m j jstereo
- -m f forced mid/side stereo
- mono is the default mode for mono input files. If "-m m" is specified
- for a stereo input file, the two channels will be averaged into a mono
- signal.
- jstereo is the default mode for stereo files with fixed bitrates of
- 128kbs or less. At higher fixed bitrates, the default is stereo.
- For VBR encoding, jstereo is the default for VBR_q >4, and stereo
- is the default for VBR_q <=4. You can override all of these defaults
- by specifing the mode on the command line.
- jstereo means the encoder can use (on a frame by frame bases) either
- regular stereo (just encode left and right channels independently)
- or mid/side stereo. In mid/side stereo, the mid (L+R) and side (L-R)
- channels are encoded, and more bits are allocated to the mid channel
- than the side channel. This will effectively increase the bandwidth
- if the signal does not have too much stereo separation.
- Mid/side stereo is basically a trick to increase bandwidth. At 128kbs,
- it is clearly worth while. At higher bitrates it is less usefull.
- Using mid/side stereo inappropriately can result in audible
- compression artifacts. To much switching between mid/side and regular
- stereo can also sound bad. To determine when to switch to mid/side
- stereo, LAME uses a much more sophisticated algorithm than that
- described in the ISO documentation.
- -m f forces all frames to be encoded mid/side stereo. It
- should only be used if you are sure every frame of the input file
- has very little stereo seperation.
- =======================================================================
- MP3 input file
- =======================================================================
- --mp3input
- Assume the input file is a MP3 file. Usefull for downsampling from
- one mp3 to another. If the filename ends in ".mp3" LAME will assume
- it is an MP3. For stdin or MP3 files which dont end in .mp3 you need
- to use this switch.
- =======================================================================
- disable historgram display
- =======================================================================
- --nohist
- By default, LAME will display a bitrate histogram while producing
- VBR mp3 files. This will disable that feature.
- =======================================================================
- disable short blocks
- =======================================================================
- --noshort
- Encode all frames using long blocks.
- =======================================================================
- non-original
- =======================================================================
- -o
- mark the encoded file as a copy
- =======================================================================
- CRC error protection
- =======================================================================
- -p
- turn on CRC error protection.
- Yes this really does work correctly in LAME. However, it takes
- 16 bits per frame that would otherwise be used for encoding.
- =======================================================================
- input file is raw pcm
- =======================================================================
- -r
- Assume the input file is raw pcm. Sampling rate and mono/stereo/jstereo
- must be specified on the command line. Without -r, LAME will perform
- several fseek()'s on the input file looking for WAV and AIFF headers.
- Not supported if LAME is compiled to use LIBSNDFILE.
- =======================================================================
- output sampling frequency in kHZ
- =======================================================================
- --resample n
- where n = 16, 22.05, 24, 32, 44.1, 48
- Output sampling frequency. Resample the input if necessary.
- If not specified, LAME may sometimes resample automatically
- when faced with extreme compression conditions (like encoding
- a 44.1khz input file at 16kbs).
- =======================================================================
- sampling frequency in kHZ
- =======================================================================
- -s n
- where n = sampling rate in kHz.
- Required for raw PCM input files. Otherwise it will be determined
- from the header information in the input file.
- LAME will automatically resample the input file to one of the
- supported MP3 samplerates if necessary.
- =======================================================================
- silent operation
- =======================================================================
- -S
- don't print progress report
- =======================================================================
- disable Xing VBR tag
- =======================================================================
- -t
- Disable writing of the Xing VBR Tag (only valid if -v flag is
- specified) This tag in embedded in frame 0 of the MP3 file. It lets
- VBR aware players correctly seek and compute playing times of VBR
- files.
- =======================================================================
- variable bit rate (VBR)
- =======================================================================
- -v
- Turn on VBR. There are several ways you can use VBR. I personally
- like using VBR to get files slightly bigger than 128kbs files, where
- the extra bits are used for the occasional difficult-to-encode frame.
- For this, try specifying a minimum bitrate to use with VBR:
- lame -v -b 112 input.wav output.mp3
- If the file is too big, use -V n, where n=0..9
- lame -v -V n -b 112 input.wav output.mp3
- If you wan to use VBR to get the maximum compression possible,
- and for this, you can try:
- lame -v input.wav output.mp3
- lame -v -V n input.wav output.mp3 (to very quality/filesize)
- =======================================================================
- VBR quality setting
- =======================================================================
- -V n
- n=0..9. Specifies the value of VBR_q. default=4. 0=highest quality.
- How is VBR_q used?
- OVER = number of scalefactor bands with distortion that exceeds the
- allowed distortion given by the masking thresholds. OVER is computed
- by outer_loop, and the masking thresholds are computed by the
- psycho-acoustic model.
- VBR_q = the minimum value of OVER which is to be allowed.
- LAME will choose the smallest bitrate for which OVER <= VBR_q.
- (a minimum allowed bitrate can be set with -b. default=64kbs)
- If the frame contains short blocks, then the minimum bitrate is made
- much larger since the OVER does not adequately measure distortion
- caused by pre-echo. LAME uses bitrates of at least 160kbs for short
- blocks to make sure they sound good.
- *NOTE* No psy-model is perfect, so there can often be distortion which
- is audible even though the psy-model claims it is not! Thus using a
- small minimum bitrate can result in some aggressive compression and
- audible distortion even with -V 0. Thus using -V 0 does not sound
- better than a fixed 256kbs encoding. For example: suppose in the 1kHz
- frequency band the psy-model claims 20db of distortion will not be
- detectable by the human ear, so LAME VBR-0 will compress that
- frequency band as much as possible and introduce at most 20db of
- distortion. Using a fixed 256kbit framesize, LAME could end up
- introducing only 2db of distortion. If the psy-model was correct,
- they will both sound the same. If the psy-model was wrong, the VBR-0
- result can sound worse.
- =======================================================================
- voice encoding mode
- =======================================================================
- --voice
- An experimental voice encoding mode. Tuned for 44.1kHz input files.
- =======================================================================
- swapbytes
- =======================================================================
- -x
- swap bytes in the input file. for sorting out little endian/big endian
- type problems. If your encodings sound like static, try this first.