liba52.txt
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- Using the liba52 API
- --------------------
- liba52 provides a low-level interface to decoding audio frames encoded
- using ATSC standard A/52 aka AC-3. liba52 provides downmixing and
- dynamic range compression for the following output configurations:
- A52_CHANNEL : Dual mono. Two independant mono channels.
- A52_CHANNEL1 : First of the two mono channels above.
- A52_CHANNEL2 : Second of the two mono channels above.
- A52_MONO : Mono.
- A52_STEREO : Stereo.
- A52_DOLBY : Dolby surround compatible stereo.
- A52_3F : 3 front channels (left, center, right)
- A52_2F1R : 2 front, 1 rear surround channel (L, R, S)
- A52_3F1R : 3 front, 1 rear surround channel (L, C, R, S)
- A52_2F2R : 2 front, 2 rear surround channels (L, R, LS, RS)
- A52_3F2R : 3 front, 2 rear surround channels (L, C, R, LS, RS)
- A52_LFE : Low frequency effects channel. Normally used to connect a
- subwoofer. Can be combined with any of the above channels.
- For example: A52_3F2R | A52_LFE -> 3 front, 2 rear, 1 LFE (5.1)
- Initialization
- --------------
- sample_t * a52_init (uint32_t mm_accel);
- Initializes the A/52 library. Takes as a parameter the acceptable
- optimizations which may be used, such as MMX. These are found in the
- included header file 'mm_accel', along with an autodetection function
- (mm_accel()). Currently, the only accelleration implemented is
- MM_ACCEL_MLIB, which uses the 'mlib' library if installed. mlib is
- only available on some Sun Microsystems platforms.
- The return value is a pointer to a properly-aligned sample buffer used
- for output samples.
- Probing the bitstream
- ---------------------
- int a52_syncinfo (uint8_t * buf, int * flags,
- int * sample_rate, int * bit_rate);
- The A/52 bitstream is composed of several a52 frames concatenated one
- after each other. An a52 frame is the smallest independantly decodable
- unit in the stream.
- buf must contain at least 7 bytes from the input stream. If these look
- like the start of a valid a52 frame, a52_syncinfo() returns the size
- of the coded frame in bytes, and fills flags, sample_rate and bit_rate
- with the information encoded in the stream. The returned size is
- guaranteed to be an even number between 128 and 3840. sample_rate will
- be the sampling frequency in Hz, bit_rate is for the compressed stream
- and is in bits per second, and flags is a description of the coded
- channels: the A52_LFE bit is set if there is an LFE channel coded in
- this stream, and by masking flags with A52_CHANNEL_MASK you will get a
- value that describes the full-bandwidth channels, as one of the
- A52_CHANNEL...A52_3F2R flags.
- If this can not possibly be a valid frame, then the function returns
- 0. You should then try to re-synchronize with the a52 stream - one way
- to try this would be to advance buf by one byte until its contents
- looks like a valid frame, but there might be better
- application-specific ways to synchronize.
- It is recommended to call this function for each frame, for several
- reasons: this function detects errors that the other functions will
- not double-check, consecutive frames might have different lengths, and
- it helps you re-sync with the stream if you get de-synchronized.
- Starting to decode a frame
- --------------------------
- int a52_frame (a52_state_t * state, uint8_t * buf, int * flags,
- sample_t * level, sample_t bias);
- This starts the work of decoding the A/52 frame (to be completed using
- a52_block()). buf should point to the beginning of the complete frame
- of the full size returned by a52_syncinfo().
- You should pass in the flags the speaker configuration that you
- support, and liba52 will return the speaker configuration it will use
- for its output, based on what is coded in the stream and what you
- asked for. For example, if the stream contains 2+2 channels
- (a52_syncinfo() returned A52_2F2R in the flags), and you have 3+1
- speakers (you passed A52_3F1R), then liba52 will choose do downmix to
- 2+1 speakers, since there is no center channel to send to your center
- speaker. So in that case the left and right channels will be
- essentially unmodified by the downmix, and the two surround channels
- will be added together and sent to your surround speaker. liba52 will
- return A52_2F1R to indicate this.
- The good news is that when you downmix to stereo you dont have to
- worry about this, you will ALWAYS get a stereo output no matter what
- was coded in the stream. For more complex output configurations you
- will have to handle the case where liba52 couldnt give you what you
- wanted because some of the channels were not encoded in the stream
- though.
- Level, bias, and A52_ADJUST_LEVEL:
- Before downmixing, samples are floating point values with a range of
- [-1,1]. Most types of downmixing will combine channels together, which
- will potentially result in a larger range for the output
- samples. liba52 provides two methods of controlling the range of the
- output, either before or after the downmix stage.
- If you do not set A52_ADJUST_LEVEL, liba52 will multiply the samples
- by your level value, so that they fit in the [-level,level]
- range. Then it will apply the standardized downmix equations,
- potentially making the samples go out of that interval again. The
- level parameter is not modified.
- Setting the A52_ADJUST_LEVEL flag will instruct liba52 to treat your
- level value as the intended range interval after downmixing. It will
- then figure out what level to use before the downmix (what you should
- have passed if you hadnt used the A52_ADJUST_LEVEL flag), and
- overwrite the level value you gave it with that new level value.
- The bias represents a value which should be added to the result
- regardless:
- output_sample = (input_sample * level) + bias;
- For example, a bias of 384 and a level of 1 tells liba52 you want
- samples between 383 and 385 instead of -1 and 1. This is what the
- sample program a52dec does, as it makes it faster to convert the
- samples to integer format, using a trick based on the IEEE
- floating-point format.
- This function also initialises the state for that frame, which will be
- reused next when decoding blocks.
- Dynamic range compression
- -------------------------
- void a52_dynrng (a52_state_t * state,
- sample_t (* call) (sample_t, void *), void * data);
- This function is purely optional. If you dont call it, liba52 will
- provide the default behaviour, which is to apply the full dynamic
- range compression as specified in the A/52 stream. This basically
- makes the loud sounds softer, and the soft sounds louder, so you can
- more easily listen to the stream in a noisy environment without
- disturbing anyone.
- If you do call this function and set a NULL callback, this will
- totally disable the dynamic range compression and provide a playback
- more adapted to a movie theater or a listening room.
- If you call this function and specify a callback function, this
- callback might be called up to once for each block, with two
- arguments: the compression factor 'c' recommended by the bitstream,
- and the private data pointer you specified in a52_dynrng(). The
- callback will then return the amount of compression to actually use -
- typically pow(c,x) where x is somewhere between 0 and 1. More
- elaborate compression functions might want to use a different value
- for 'x' depending wether c>1 or c<1 - or even something more complex
- if this is what you want.
- Decoding blocks
- ---------------
- int a52_block (a52_state_t * state, sample_t * samples);
- Every A/52 frame is composed of 6 blocks, each with an output of 256
- samples for each channel. The a52_block() function decodes the next
- block in the frame, and should be called 6 times to decode all of the
- audio in the frame. After each call, you should extract the audio data
- from the sample buffer.
- The sample pointer given should be the one a52_init() returned.
- After this function returns, the samples buuffer will contain 256
- samples for the first channel, followed by 256 samples for the second
- channel, etc... the channel order is LFE, left, center, right, left
- surround, right surround. If one of the channels is not present in the
- liba52 output, as indicated by the flags returned by a52_frame(), then
- this channel is skipped and the following channels are shifted so
- liba52 does not leave an empty space between channels.
- Pseudocode example
- ------------------
- sample_t * samples = a52_init (mm_accel());
- loop on input bytes:
- if at least 7 bytes in the buffer:
- bytes_to_get = a52_syncinfo (...)
- if bytes_to_get == 0:
- goto loop to keep looking for sync point
- else
- get rest of bytes
- a52_frame (state, buf, ...)
- [a52_dynrng (state, ...); this is only optional]
- for i = 1 ... 6:
- a52_block (state, samples)
- convert samples to integer and queue to soundcard