libdts.txt
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- Using the libdts API
- --------------------
- libdts provides a low-level interface to decoding audio frames encoded
- using DTS Coherent Acoustics. libdts provides downmixing and
- dynamic range compression for the following output configurations:
- DTS_CHANNEL : Dual mono. Two independant mono channels.
- DTS_CHANNEL1 : First of the two mono channels above.
- DTS_CHANNEL2 : Second of the two mono channels above.
- DTS_MONO : Mono.
- DTS_STEREO : Stereo.
- DTS_DOLBY : Dolby surround compatible stereo.
- DTS_3F : 3 front channels (left, center, right)
- DTS_2F1R : 2 front, 1 rear surround channel (L, R, S)
- DTS_3F1R : 3 front, 1 rear surround channel (L, C, R, S)
- DTS_2F2R : 2 front, 2 rear surround channels (L, R, LS, RS)
- DTS_3F2R : 3 front, 2 rear surround channels (L, C, R, LS, RS)
- DTS_LFE : Low frequency effects channel. Normally used to connect a
- subwoofer. Can be combined with any of the above channels.
- For example: DTS_3F2R | DTS_LFE -> 3 front, 2 rear, 1 LFE (5.1)
- Initialization
- --------------
- dts_state_t * dts_init (uint32_t mm_accel);
- Initializes the DTS library. Takes as a parameter the acceptable
- optimizations which may be used, such as MMX. These are found in the
- included header file 'mm_accel', along with an autodetection function
- (mm_accel()). Currently, there is no accelleration implemented.
- The return value is a pointer to a dts state object.
- Probing the bitstream
- ---------------------
- int dts_syncinfo (uint8_t * buf, int * flags,
- int * sample_rate, int * bit_rate, int * frame_length);
- The DTS bitstream is composed of several dts frames concatenated one
- after each other. A dts frame is the smallest independantly decodable
- unit in the stream.
- buf must contain at least 14 bytes from the input stream. If these look
- like the start of a valid dts frame, dts_syncinfo() returns the size
- of the coded frame in bytes, and fills flags, sample_rate, bit_rate and
- frame_length with the information encoded in the stream. The returned size
- is guaranteed to be an even number between 96 and 16384 for the 16 bits
- version of the bitstream and 109 and 18726 for the 14 bits version.
- sample_rate will be the sampling frequency in Hz, bit_rate is for the
- compressed stream and is in bits per second, and flags is a description of
- the coded channels: the DTS_LFE bit is set if there is an LFE channel coded
- in this stream, and by masking flags with DTS_CHANNEL_MASK you will get a
- value that describes the full-bandwidth channels, as one of the
- DTS_CHANNEL...DTS_3F2R flags.
- If this can not possibly be a valid frame, then the function returns
- 0. You should then try to re-synchronize with the dts stream - one way
- to try this would be to advance buf by one byte until its contents
- looks like a valid frame, but there might be better
- application-specific ways to synchronize.
- You need to call this function for each frame, for several
- reasons: this function detects errors that the other functions will
- not double-check, consecutive frames might have different lengths, and
- it helps you re-sync with the stream if you get de-synchronized. It will as
- well detect the kind of bitstream it is dealing with (big/little endian,
- 16/14 bits mode)
- Starting to decode a frame
- --------------------------
- int dts_frame (dts_state_t * state, uint8_t * buf, int * flags,
- sample_t * level, sample_t bias);
- This starts the work of decoding the DTS frame (to be completed using
- dts_block()). buf should point to the beginning of the complete frame
- of the full size returned by dts_syncinfo().
- You should pass in the flags the speaker configuration that you
- support, and libdts will return the speaker configuration it will use
- for its output, based on what is coded in the stream and what you
- asked for. For example, if the stream contains 2+2 channels
- (dts_syncinfo() returned DTS_2F2R in the flags), and you have 3+1
- speakers (you passed DTS_3F1R), then libdts will choose do downmix to
- 2+1 speakers, since there is no center channel to send to your center
- speaker. So in that case the left and right channels will be
- essentially unmodified by the downmix, and the two surround channels
- will be added together and sent to your surround speaker. libdts will
- return DTS_2F1R to indicate this.
- The good news is that when you downmix to stereo you dont have to
- worry about this, you will ALWAYS get a stereo output no matter what
- was coded in the stream. For more complex output configurations you
- will have to handle the case where libdts couldnt give you what you
- wanted because some of the channels were not encoded in the stream
- though.
- Level, bias, and DTS_ADJUST_LEVEL:
- Before downmixing, samples are floating point values with a range of
- [-1,1]. Most types of downmixing will combine channels together, which
- will potentially result in a larger range for the output
- samples. libdts provides two methods of controlling the range of the
- output, either before or after the downmix stage.
- If you do not set DTS_ADJUST_LEVEL, libdts will multiply the samples
- by your level value, so that they fit in the [-level,level]
- range. Then it will apply the standardized downmix equations,
- potentially making the samples go out of that interval again. The
- level parameter is not modified.
- Setting the DTS_ADJUST_LEVEL flag will instruct libdts to treat your
- level value as the intended range interval after downmixing. It will
- then figure out what level to use before the downmix (what you should
- have passed if you hadnt used the DTS_ADJUST_LEVEL flag), and
- overwrite the level value you gave it with that new level value.
- The bias represents a value which should be added to the result
- regardless:
- output_sample = (input_sample * level) + bias;
- For example, a bias of 384 and a level of 1 tells liba52 you want
- samples between 383 and 385 instead of -1 and 1. This is what the
- sample program dtsdec does, as it makes it faster to convert the
- samples to integer format, using a trick based on the IEEE
- floating-point format.
- This function also initialises the state for that frame, which will be
- reused next when decoding blocks.
- Dynamic range compression
- -------------------------
- void dts_dynrng (dts_state_t * state,
- sample_t (* call) (sample_t, void *), void * data);
- This function is purely optional. If you dont call it, libdts will
- provide the default behaviour, which is to apply the full dynamic
- range compression as specified in the DTS stream. This basically
- makes the loud sounds softer, and the soft sounds louder, so you can
- more easily listen to the stream in a noisy environment without
- disturbing anyone.
- If you do call this function and set a NULL callback, this will
- totally disable the dynamic range compression and provide a playback
- more adapted to a movie theater or a listening room.
- If you call this function and specify a callback function, this
- callback might be called up to once for each block, with two
- arguments: the compression factor 'c' recommended by the bitstream,
- and the private data pointer you specified in dts_dynrng(). The
- callback will then return the amount of compression to actually use -
- typically pow(c,x) where x is somewhere between 0 and 1. More
- elaborate compression functions might want to use a different value
- for 'x' depending wether c>1 or c<1 - or even something more complex
- if this is what you want.
- Finding the number of blocks
- ----------------------------
- int dts_blocks_num (dts_state_t * state);
- Every DTS frame is composed of a variable number of blocks. Calling
- dts_blocks_num() after dts_frame() will give you the number of blocks in the
- current frame.
- Decoding blocks
- ---------------
- int dts_block (dts_state_t * state);
- Every DTS frame is composed of a variable number of blocks, each with an
- output of 256 samples for each channel. The dts_block() function decodes
- the next block in the frame, and should be called dts_blocks_num() times to
- decode all of the audio in the frame.
- Getting the decoded audio samples
- ---------------------------------
- sample_t * dts_samples (dts_state_t * state);
- After each call to dts_block(), you should extract the audio data from the
- internal samples buffer.
- This function returns a pointer to an internal buffer which will contain 256
- samples for the first channel, followed by 256 samples for the second
- channel, etc... the channel order is center, left, right, left
- surround, right surround, LFE. If one of the channels is not present in the
- libdts output, as indicated by the flags returned by dts_frame(), then
- this channel is skipped and the following channels are shifted so
- libdts does not leave an empty space between channels.
- Pseudocode example
- ------------------
- dts_state_t * state = dts_init (mm_accel());
- loop on input bytes:
- if at least 14 bytes in the buffer:
- bytes_to_get = dts_syncinfo (...)
- if bytes_to_get == 0:
- goto loop to keep looking for sync point
- else
- get rest of bytes
- dts_frame (state, buf, ...)
- [dts_dynrng (state, ...); this is only optional]
- for i = 1 ... dts_blocks_num():
- dts_block (state)
- dts_samples (state)
- convert samples to integer and queue to soundcard