tclAlloc.c
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- /*
- * tclAlloc.c --
- *
- * This is a very fast storage allocator. It allocates blocks of a
- * small number of different sizes, and keeps free lists of each size.
- * Blocks that don't exactly fit are passed up to the next larger size.
- * Blocks over a certain size are directly allocated from the system.
- *
- * Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
- * Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- * Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Scriptics Corporation.
- *
- * Portions contributed by Chris Kingsley, Jack Jansen and Ray Johnson.
- *
- * See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
- * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
- *
- * RCS: @(#) $Id: tclAlloc.c,v 1.16.2.3 2007/09/22 15:46:45 das Exp $
- */
- /*
- * Windows and Unix use an alternative allocator when building with threads
- * that has significantly reduced lock contention.
- */
- #if !defined(TCL_THREADS) || !defined(USE_THREAD_ALLOC) || defined(TCL_MEM_DEBUG)
- #include "tclInt.h"
- #include "tclPort.h"
- #if USE_TCLALLOC
- #ifdef TCL_DEBUG
- # define DEBUG
- /* #define MSTATS */
- # define RCHECK
- #endif
- /*
- * We should really make use of AC_CHECK_TYPE(caddr_t)
- * here, but it can wait until Tcl uses config.h properly.
- */
- #if defined(MAC_TCL) || defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
- typedef unsigned long caddr_t;
- #endif
- /*
- * Alignment for allocated memory.
- */
- #if defined(__APPLE__)
- #define ALLOCALIGN 16
- #else
- #define ALLOCALIGN 8
- #endif
- /*
- * The overhead on a block is at least 8 bytes. When free, this space
- * contains a pointer to the next free block, and the bottom two bits must
- * be zero. When in use, the first byte is set to MAGIC, and the second
- * byte is the size index. The remaining bytes are for alignment.
- * If range checking is enabled then a second word holds the size of the
- * requested block, less 1, rounded up to a multiple of sizeof(RMAGIC).
- * The order of elements is critical: ov_magic must overlay the low order
- * bits of ov_next, and ov_magic can not be a valid ov_next bit pattern.
- */
- union overhead {
- union overhead *ov_next; /* when free */
- unsigned char ov_padding[ALLOCALIGN];/* align struct to ALLOCALIGN bytes */
- struct {
- unsigned char ovu_magic0; /* magic number */
- unsigned char ovu_index; /* bucket # */
- unsigned char ovu_unused; /* unused */
- unsigned char ovu_magic1; /* other magic number */
- #ifdef RCHECK
- unsigned short ovu_rmagic; /* range magic number */
- unsigned long ovu_size; /* actual block size */
- unsigned short ovu_unused2; /* padding to 8-byte align */
- #endif
- } ovu;
- #define ov_magic0 ovu.ovu_magic0
- #define ov_magic1 ovu.ovu_magic1
- #define ov_index ovu.ovu_index
- #define ov_rmagic ovu.ovu_rmagic
- #define ov_size ovu.ovu_size
- };
- #define MAGIC 0xef /* magic # on accounting info */
- #define RMAGIC 0x5555 /* magic # on range info */
- #ifdef RCHECK
- #define RSLOP sizeof (unsigned short)
- #else
- #define RSLOP 0
- #endif
- #define OVERHEAD (sizeof(union overhead) + RSLOP)
- /*
- * nextf[i] is the pointer to the next free block of size 2^(i+3). The
- * smallest allocatable block is MINBLOCK bytes. The overhead information
- * precedes the data area returned to the user.
- */
- #define MINBLOCK ((sizeof(union overhead) + (ALLOCALIGN-1)) & ~(ALLOCALIGN-1))
- #define NBUCKETS (13 - (MINBLOCK >> 4))
- #define MAXMALLOC (1<<(NBUCKETS+2))
- static union overhead *nextf[NBUCKETS];
- /*
- * The following structure is used to keep track of all system memory
- * currently owned by Tcl. When finalizing, all this memory will
- * be returned to the system.
- */
- struct block {
- struct block *nextPtr; /* Linked list. */
- struct block *prevPtr; /* Linked list for big blocks, ensures 8-byte
- * alignment for suballocated blocks. */
- };
- static struct block *blockList; /* Tracks the suballocated blocks. */
- static struct block bigBlocks = { /* Big blocks aren't suballocated. */
- &bigBlocks, &bigBlocks
- };
- /*
- * The allocator is protected by a special mutex that must be
- * explicitly initialized. Futhermore, because Tcl_Alloc may be
- * used before anything else in Tcl, we make this module self-initializing
- * after all with the allocInit variable.
- */
- #ifdef TCL_THREADS
- static Tcl_Mutex *allocMutexPtr;
- #endif
- static int allocInit = 0;
- #ifdef MSTATS
- /*
- * nmalloc[i] is the difference between the number of mallocs and frees
- * for a given block size.
- */
- static unsigned int nmalloc[NBUCKETS+1];
- #include <stdio.h>
- #endif
- #if defined(DEBUG) || defined(RCHECK)
- #define ASSERT(p) if (!(p)) panic(# p)
- #define RANGE_ASSERT(p) if (!(p)) panic(# p)
- #else
- #define ASSERT(p)
- #define RANGE_ASSERT(p)
- #endif
- /*
- * Prototypes for functions used only in this file.
- */
- static void MoreCore _ANSI_ARGS_((int bucket));
- /*
- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclInitAlloc --
- *
- * Initialize the memory system.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * Initialize the mutex used to serialize allocations.
- *
- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- void
- TclInitAlloc()
- {
- if (!allocInit) {
- allocInit = 1;
- #ifdef TCL_THREADS
- allocMutexPtr = Tcl_GetAllocMutex();
- #endif
- }
- }
- /*
- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclFinalizeAllocSubsystem --
- *
- * Release all resources being used by this subsystem, including
- * aggressively freeing all memory allocated by TclpAlloc() that
- * has not yet been released with TclpFree().
- *
- * After this function is called, all memory allocated with
- * TclpAlloc() should be considered unusable.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * This subsystem is self-initializing, since memory can be
- * allocated before Tcl is formally initialized. After this call,
- * this subsystem has been reset to its initial state and is
- * usable again.
- *
- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- void
- TclFinalizeAllocSubsystem()
- {
- unsigned int i;
- struct block *blockPtr, *nextPtr;
- Tcl_MutexLock(allocMutexPtr);
- for (blockPtr = blockList; blockPtr != NULL; blockPtr = nextPtr) {
- nextPtr = blockPtr->nextPtr;
- TclpSysFree(blockPtr);
- }
- blockList = NULL;
- for (blockPtr = bigBlocks.nextPtr; blockPtr != &bigBlocks; ) {
- nextPtr = blockPtr->nextPtr;
- TclpSysFree(blockPtr);
- blockPtr = nextPtr;
- }
- bigBlocks.nextPtr = &bigBlocks;
- bigBlocks.prevPtr = &bigBlocks;
- for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
- nextf[i] = NULL;
- #ifdef MSTATS
- nmalloc[i] = 0;
- #endif
- }
- #ifdef MSTATS
- nmalloc[i] = 0;
- #endif
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- }
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclpAlloc --
- *
- * Allocate more memory.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * None.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- char *
- TclpAlloc(nbytes)
- unsigned int nbytes; /* Number of bytes to allocate. */
- {
- register union overhead *op;
- register long bucket;
- register unsigned amt;
- struct block *bigBlockPtr;
- if (!allocInit) {
- /*
- * We have to make the "self initializing" because Tcl_Alloc
- * may be used before any other part of Tcl. E.g., see
- * main() for tclsh!
- */
- TclInitAlloc();
- }
- Tcl_MutexLock(allocMutexPtr);
- /*
- * First the simple case: we simple allocate big blocks directly
- */
- if (nbytes + OVERHEAD >= MAXMALLOC) {
- bigBlockPtr = (struct block *) TclpSysAlloc((unsigned)
- (sizeof(struct block) + OVERHEAD + nbytes), 0);
- if (bigBlockPtr == NULL) {
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return NULL;
- }
- bigBlockPtr->nextPtr = bigBlocks.nextPtr;
- bigBlocks.nextPtr = bigBlockPtr;
- bigBlockPtr->prevPtr = &bigBlocks;
- bigBlockPtr->nextPtr->prevPtr = bigBlockPtr;
- op = (union overhead *) (bigBlockPtr + 1);
- op->ov_magic0 = op->ov_magic1 = MAGIC;
- op->ov_index = 0xff;
- #ifdef MSTATS
- nmalloc[NBUCKETS]++;
- #endif
- #ifdef RCHECK
- /*
- * Record allocated size of block and
- * bound space with magic numbers.
- */
- op->ov_size = (nbytes + RSLOP - 1) & ~(RSLOP - 1);
- op->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC;
- *(unsigned short *)((caddr_t)(op + 1) + op->ov_size) = RMAGIC;
- #endif
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return (void *)(op+1);
- }
- /*
- * Convert amount of memory requested into closest block size
- * stored in hash buckets which satisfies request.
- * Account for space used per block for accounting.
- */
- amt = MINBLOCK; /* size of first bucket */
- bucket = MINBLOCK >> 4;
- while (nbytes + OVERHEAD > amt) {
- amt <<= 1;
- if (amt == 0) {
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return (NULL);
- }
- bucket++;
- }
- ASSERT( bucket < NBUCKETS );
- /*
- * If nothing in hash bucket right now,
- * request more memory from the system.
- */
- if ((op = nextf[bucket]) == NULL) {
- MoreCore(bucket);
- if ((op = nextf[bucket]) == NULL) {
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return (NULL);
- }
- }
- /*
- * Remove from linked list
- */
- nextf[bucket] = op->ov_next;
- op->ov_magic0 = op->ov_magic1 = MAGIC;
- op->ov_index = (unsigned char) bucket;
- #ifdef MSTATS
- nmalloc[bucket]++;
- #endif
- #ifdef RCHECK
- /*
- * Record allocated size of block and
- * bound space with magic numbers.
- */
- op->ov_size = (nbytes + RSLOP - 1) & ~(RSLOP - 1);
- op->ov_rmagic = RMAGIC;
- *(unsigned short *)((caddr_t)(op + 1) + op->ov_size) = RMAGIC;
- #endif
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return ((char *)(op + 1));
- }
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * MoreCore --
- *
- * Allocate more memory to the indicated bucket.
- *
- * Assumes Mutex is already held.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * Attempts to get more memory from the system.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- static void
- MoreCore(bucket)
- int bucket; /* What bucket to allocat to. */
- {
- register union overhead *op;
- register long sz; /* size of desired block */
- long amt; /* amount to allocate */
- int nblks; /* how many blocks we get */
- struct block *blockPtr;
- /*
- * sbrk_size <= 0 only for big, FLUFFY, requests (about
- * 2^30 bytes on a VAX, I think) or for a negative arg.
- */
- sz = 1 << (bucket + 3);
- ASSERT(sz > 0);
- amt = MAXMALLOC;
- nblks = amt / sz;
- ASSERT(nblks*sz == amt);
- blockPtr = (struct block *) TclpSysAlloc((unsigned)
- (sizeof(struct block) + amt), 1);
- /* no more room! */
- if (blockPtr == NULL) {
- return;
- }
- blockPtr->nextPtr = blockList;
- blockList = blockPtr;
- op = (union overhead *) (blockPtr + 1);
-
- /*
- * Add new memory allocated to that on
- * free list for this hash bucket.
- */
- nextf[bucket] = op;
- while (--nblks > 0) {
- op->ov_next = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + sz);
- op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)op + sz);
- }
- op->ov_next = (union overhead *)NULL;
- }
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclpFree --
- *
- * Free memory.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * None.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- void
- TclpFree(cp)
- char *cp; /* Pointer to memory to free. */
- {
- register long size;
- register union overhead *op;
- struct block *bigBlockPtr;
- if (cp == NULL) {
- return;
- }
- Tcl_MutexLock(allocMutexPtr);
- op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead));
- ASSERT(op->ov_magic0 == MAGIC); /* make sure it was in use */
- ASSERT(op->ov_magic1 == MAGIC);
- if (op->ov_magic0 != MAGIC || op->ov_magic1 != MAGIC) {
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return;
- }
- RANGE_ASSERT(op->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC);
- RANGE_ASSERT(*(unsigned short *)((caddr_t)(op + 1) + op->ov_size) == RMAGIC);
- size = op->ov_index;
- if ( size == 0xff ) {
- #ifdef MSTATS
- nmalloc[NBUCKETS]--;
- #endif
- bigBlockPtr = (struct block *) op - 1;
- bigBlockPtr->prevPtr->nextPtr = bigBlockPtr->nextPtr;
- bigBlockPtr->nextPtr->prevPtr = bigBlockPtr->prevPtr;
- TclpSysFree(bigBlockPtr);
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return;
- }
- ASSERT(size < NBUCKETS);
- op->ov_next = nextf[size]; /* also clobbers ov_magic */
- nextf[size] = op;
- #ifdef MSTATS
- nmalloc[size]--;
- #endif
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- }
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclpRealloc --
- *
- * Reallocate memory.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * None.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- char *
- TclpRealloc(cp, nbytes)
- char *cp; /* Pointer to alloced block. */
- unsigned int nbytes; /* New size of memory. */
- {
- int i;
- union overhead *op;
- struct block *bigBlockPtr;
- int expensive;
- unsigned long maxsize;
- if (cp == NULL) {
- return (TclpAlloc(nbytes));
- }
- Tcl_MutexLock(allocMutexPtr);
- op = (union overhead *)((caddr_t)cp - sizeof (union overhead));
- ASSERT(op->ov_magic0 == MAGIC); /* make sure it was in use */
- ASSERT(op->ov_magic1 == MAGIC);
- if (op->ov_magic0 != MAGIC || op->ov_magic1 != MAGIC) {
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return NULL;
- }
- RANGE_ASSERT(op->ov_rmagic == RMAGIC);
- RANGE_ASSERT(*(unsigned short *)((caddr_t)(op + 1) + op->ov_size) == RMAGIC);
- i = op->ov_index;
- /*
- * If the block isn't in a bin, just realloc it.
- */
- if (i == 0xff) {
- struct block *prevPtr, *nextPtr;
- bigBlockPtr = (struct block *) op - 1;
- prevPtr = bigBlockPtr->prevPtr;
- nextPtr = bigBlockPtr->nextPtr;
- bigBlockPtr = (struct block *) TclpSysRealloc(bigBlockPtr,
- sizeof(struct block) + OVERHEAD + nbytes);
- if (bigBlockPtr == NULL) {
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return NULL;
- }
- if (prevPtr->nextPtr != bigBlockPtr) {
- /*
- * If the block has moved, splice the new block into the list where
- * the old block used to be.
- */
- prevPtr->nextPtr = bigBlockPtr;
- nextPtr->prevPtr = bigBlockPtr;
- }
- op = (union overhead *) (bigBlockPtr + 1);
- #ifdef MSTATS
- nmalloc[NBUCKETS]++;
- #endif
- #ifdef RCHECK
- /*
- * Record allocated size of block and update magic number bounds.
- */
- op->ov_size = (nbytes + RSLOP - 1) & ~(RSLOP - 1);
- *(unsigned short *)((caddr_t)(op + 1) + op->ov_size) = RMAGIC;
- #endif
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return (char *)(op+1);
- }
- maxsize = 1 << (i+3);
- expensive = 0;
- if ( nbytes + OVERHEAD > maxsize ) {
- expensive = 1;
- } else if ( i > 0 && nbytes + OVERHEAD < (maxsize/2) ) {
- expensive = 1;
- }
- if (expensive) {
- void *newp;
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- newp = TclpAlloc(nbytes);
- if ( newp == NULL ) {
- return NULL;
- }
- maxsize -= OVERHEAD;
- if ( maxsize < nbytes )
- nbytes = maxsize;
- memcpy((VOID *) newp, (VOID *) cp, (size_t) nbytes);
- TclpFree(cp);
- return newp;
- }
-
- /*
- * Ok, we don't have to copy, it fits as-is
- */
- #ifdef RCHECK
- op->ov_size = (nbytes + RSLOP - 1) & ~(RSLOP - 1);
- *(unsigned short *)((caddr_t)(op + 1) + op->ov_size) = RMAGIC;
- #endif
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- return(cp);
- }
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * mstats --
- *
- * Prints two lines of numbers, one showing the length of the
- * free list for each size category, the second showing the
- * number of mallocs - frees for each size category.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * None.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- #ifdef MSTATS
- void
- mstats(s)
- char *s; /* Where to write info. */
- {
- register int i, j;
- register union overhead *p;
- int totfree = 0,
- totused = 0;
- Tcl_MutexLock(allocMutexPtr);
- fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation statistics %snTclpFree:t", s);
- for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
- for (j = 0, p = nextf[i]; p; p = p->ov_next, j++)
- fprintf(stderr, " %d", j);
- totfree += j * (1 << (i + 3));
- }
- fprintf(stderr, "nused:t");
- for (i = 0; i < NBUCKETS; i++) {
- fprintf(stderr, " %d", nmalloc[i]);
- totused += nmalloc[i] * (1 << (i + 3));
- }
- fprintf(stderr, "ntTotal small in use: %d, total free: %dn",
- totused, totfree);
- fprintf(stderr, "ntNumber of big (>%d) blocks in use: %dn",
- MAXMALLOC, nmalloc[NBUCKETS]);
- Tcl_MutexUnlock(allocMutexPtr);
- }
- #endif
- #else /* !USE_TCLALLOC */
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclpAlloc --
- *
- * Allocate more memory.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * None.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- char *
- TclpAlloc(nbytes)
- unsigned int nbytes; /* Number of bytes to allocate. */
- {
- return (char*) malloc(nbytes);
- }
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclpFree --
- *
- * Free memory.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * None.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- void
- TclpFree(cp)
- char *cp; /* Pointer to memory to free. */
- {
- free(cp);
- return;
- }
- /*
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * TclpRealloc --
- *
- * Reallocate memory.
- *
- * Results:
- * None.
- *
- * Side effects:
- * None.
- *
- *----------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- char *
- TclpRealloc(cp, nbytes)
- char *cp; /* Pointer to alloced block. */
- unsigned int nbytes; /* New size of memory. */
- {
- return (char*) realloc(cp, nbytes);
- }
- #endif /* !USE_TCLALLOC */
- #endif /* !TCL_THREADS */