Hash.3
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- '"
- '" Copyright (c) 1989-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
- '" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- '"
- '" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
- '" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
- '"
- '" RCS: @(#) $Id: Hash.3,v 1.10.2.1 2003/07/18 16:56:24 dgp Exp $
- '"
- .so man.macros
- .TH Tcl_Hash 3 "" Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
- .BS
- .SH NAME
- Tcl_InitHashTable, Tcl_InitCustomHashTable, Tcl_InitObjHashTable, Tcl_DeleteHashTable, Tcl_CreateHashEntry, Tcl_DeleteHashEntry, Tcl_FindHashEntry, Tcl_GetHashValue, Tcl_SetHashValue, Tcl_GetHashKey, Tcl_FirstHashEntry, Tcl_NextHashEntry, Tcl_HashStats - procedures to manage hash tables
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .nf
- fB#include <tcl.h>fR
- .sp
- fBTcl_InitHashTablefR(fItablePtr, keyTypefR)
- .sp
- fBTcl_InitCustomHashTablefR(fItablePtr, keyType, typePtrfR)
- .sp
- fBTcl_InitObjHashTablefR(fItablePtrfR)
- .sp
- fBTcl_DeleteHashTablefR(fItablePtrfR)
- .sp
- Tcl_HashEntry *
- fBTcl_CreateHashEntryfR(fItablePtr, key, newPtrfR)
- .sp
- fBTcl_DeleteHashEntryfR(fIentryPtrfR)
- .sp
- Tcl_HashEntry *
- fBTcl_FindHashEntryfR(fItablePtr, keyfR)
- .sp
- ClientData
- fBTcl_GetHashValuefR(fIentryPtrfR)
- .sp
- fBTcl_SetHashValuefR(fIentryPtr, valuefR)
- .sp
- char *
- fBTcl_GetHashKeyfR(fItablePtr, entryPtrfR)
- .sp
- Tcl_HashEntry *
- fBTcl_FirstHashEntryfR(fItablePtr, searchPtrfR)
- .sp
- Tcl_HashEntry *
- fBTcl_NextHashEntryfR(fIsearchPtrfR)
- .sp
- CONST char *
- fBTcl_HashStatsfR(fItablePtrfR)
- .SH ARGUMENTS
- .AS Tcl_HashSearch *searchPtr
- .AP Tcl_HashTable *tablePtr in
- Address of hash table structure (for all procedures but
- fBTcl_InitHashTablefR, this must have been initialized by
- previous call to fBTcl_InitHashTablefR).
- .AP int keyType in
- Kind of keys to use for new hash table. Must be either
- TCL_STRING_KEYS, TCL_ONE_WORD_KEYS, TCL_CUSTOM_TYPE_KEYS,
- TCL_CUSTOM_PTR_KEYS, or an integer value greater than 1.
- .AP Tcl_HashKeyType *typePtr in
- Address of structure which defines the behaviour of the hash table.
- .AP "CONST char" *key in
- Key to use for probe into table. Exact form depends on
- fIkeyTypefR used to create table.
- .AP int *newPtr out
- The word at fI*newPtrfR is set to 1 if a new entry was created
- and 0 if there was already an entry for fIkeyfR.
- .AP Tcl_HashEntry *entryPtr in
- Pointer to hash table entry.
- .AP ClientData value in
- New value to assign to hash table entry. Need not have type
- ClientData, but must fit in same space as ClientData.
- .AP Tcl_HashSearch *searchPtr in
- Pointer to record to use to keep track of progress in enumerating
- all the entries in a hash table.
- .BE
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .PP
- A hash table consists of zero or more entries, each consisting of a
- key and a value. Given the key for an entry, the hashing routines can
- very quickly locate the entry, and hence its value. There may be at
- most one entry in a hash table with a particular key, but many entries
- may have the same value. Keys can take one of four forms: strings,
- one-word values, integer arrays, or custom keys defined by a
- Tcl_HashKeyType structure (See section fBTHE TCL_HASHKEYTYPE
- STRUCTUREfR below). All of the keys in a given table have the same
- form, which is specified when the table is initialized.
- .PP
- The value of a hash table entry can be anything that fits in the same
- space as a ``char *'' pointer. Values for hash table entries are
- managed entirely by clients, not by the hash module itself. Typically
- each entry's value is a pointer to a data structure managed by client
- code.
- .PP
- Hash tables grow gracefully as the number of entries increases, so
- that there are always less than three entries per hash bucket, on
- average. This allows for fast lookups regardless of the number of
- entries in a table.
- .PP
- The core provides three functions for the initialization of hash
- tables, Tcl_InitHashTable, Tcl_InitObjHashTable and
- Tcl_InitCustomHashTable.
- .PP
- fBTcl_InitHashTablefR initializes a structure that describes a new
- hash table. The space for the structure is provided by the caller,
- not by the hash module. The value of fIkeyTypefR indicates what
- kinds of keys will be used for all entries in the table. All of the
- key types described later are allowed, with the exception of
- fBTCL_CUSTOM_TYPE_KEYSfR and fBTCL_CUSTOM_PTR_KEYSfR.
- .PP
- fBTcl_InitObjHashTablefR is a wrapper around
- fBTcl_InitCustomHashTablefR and initializes a hash table whose keys
- are Tcl_Obj *.
- .PP
- fBTcl_InitCustomHashTablefR initializes a structure that describes a
- new hash table. The space for the structure is provided by the
- caller, not by the hash module. The value of fIkeyTypefR indicates
- what kinds of keys will be used for all entries in the table.
- fIKeyTypefR must have one of the following values:
- .IP fBTCL_STRING_KEYSfR 25
- Keys are null-terminated strings.
- They are passed to hashing routines using the address of the
- first character of the string.
- .IP fBTCL_ONE_WORD_KEYSfR 25
- Keys are single-word values; they are passed to hashing routines
- and stored in hash table entries as ``char *'' values.
- The pointer value is the key; it need not (and usually doesn't)
- actually point to a string.
- .IP fBTCL_CUSTOM_TYPE_KEYSfR 25
- Keys are of arbitrary type, and are stored in the entry. Hashing
- and comparison is determined by fItypePtrfR. The Tcl_HashKeyType
- structure is described in the section
- fBTHE TCL_HASHKEYTYPE STRUCTUREfR below.
- .IP fBTCL_CUSTOM_PTR_KEYSfR 25
- Keys are pointers to an arbitrary type, and are stored in the entry. Hashing
- and comparison is determined by fItypePtrfR. The Tcl_HashKeyType
- structure is described in the section
- fBTHE TCL_HASHKEYTYPE STRUCTUREfR below.
- .IP fIotherfR 25
- If fIkeyTypefR is not one of the above,
- then it must be an integer value greater than 1.
- In this case the keys will be arrays of ``int'' values, where
- fIkeyTypefR gives the number of ints in each key.
- This allows structures to be used as keys.
- All keys must have the same size.
- Array keys are passed into hashing functions using the address
- of the first int in the array.
- .PP
- fBTcl_DeleteHashTablefR deletes all of the entries in a hash
- table and frees up the memory associated with the table's
- bucket array and entries.
- It does not free the actual table structure (pointed to
- by fItablePtrfR), since that memory is assumed to be managed
- by the client.
- fBTcl_DeleteHashTablefR also does not free or otherwise
- manipulate the values of the hash table entries.
- If the entry values point to dynamically-allocated memory, then
- it is the client's responsibility to free these structures
- before deleting the table.
- .PP
- fBTcl_CreateHashEntryfR locates the entry corresponding to a
- particular key, creating a new entry in the table if there
- wasn't already one with the given key.
- If an entry already existed with the given key then fI*newPtrfR
- is set to zero.
- If a new entry was created, then fI*newPtrfR is set to a non-zero
- value and the value of the new entry will be set to zero.
- The return value from fBTcl_CreateHashEntryfR is a pointer to
- the entry, which may be used to retrieve and modify the entry's
- value or to delete the entry from the table.
- .PP
- fBTcl_DeleteHashEntryfR will remove an existing entry from a
- table.
- The memory associated with the entry itself will be freed, but
- the client is responsible for any cleanup associated with the
- entry's value, such as freeing a structure that it points to.
- .PP
- fBTcl_FindHashEntryfR is similar to fBTcl_CreateHashEntryfR
- except that it doesn't create a new entry if the key doesn't exist;
- instead, it returns NULL as result.
- .PP
- fBTcl_GetHashValuefR and fBTcl_SetHashValuefR are used to
- read and write an entry's value, respectively.
- Values are stored and retrieved as type ``ClientData'', which is
- large enough to hold a pointer value. On almost all machines this is
- large enough to hold an integer value too.
- .PP
- fBTcl_GetHashKeyfR returns the key for a given hash table entry,
- either as a pointer to a string, a one-word (``char *'') key, or
- as a pointer to the first word of an array of integers, depending
- on the fIkeyTypefR used to create a hash table.
- In all cases fBTcl_GetHashKeyfR returns a result with type
- ``char *''.
- When the key is a string or array, the result of fBTcl_GetHashKeyfR
- points to information in the table entry; this information will
- remain valid until the entry is deleted or its table is deleted.
- .PP
- fBTcl_FirstHashEntryfR and fBTcl_NextHashEntryfR may be used
- to scan all of the entries in a hash table.
- A structure of type ``Tcl_HashSearch'', provided by the client,
- is used to keep track of progress through the table.
- fBTcl_FirstHashEntryfR initializes the search record and
- returns the first entry in the table (or NULL if the table is
- empty).
- Each subsequent call to fBTcl_NextHashEntryfR returns the
- next entry in the table or
- NULL if the end of the table has been reached.
- A call to fBTcl_FirstHashEntryfR followed by calls to
- fBTcl_NextHashEntryfR will return each of the entries in
- the table exactly once, in an arbitrary order.
- It is unadvisable to modify the structure of the table, e.g.
- by creating or deleting entries, while the search is in
- progress.
- .PP
- fBTcl_HashStatsfR returns a dynamically-allocated string with
- overall information about a hash table, such as the number of
- entries it contains, the number of buckets in its hash array,
- and the utilization of the buckets.
- It is the caller's responsibility to free the result string
- by passing it to fBckfreefR.
- .PP
- The header file fBtcl.hfR defines the actual data structures
- used to implement hash tables.
- This is necessary so that clients can allocate Tcl_HashTable
- structures and so that macros can be used to read and write
- the values of entries.
- However, users of the hashing routines should never refer directly
- to any of the fields of any of the hash-related data structures;
- use the procedures and macros defined here.
- .SH "THE TCL_HASHKEYTYPE STRUCTURE"
- .PP
- Extension writers can define new hash key types by defining four
- procedures, initializing a Tcl_HashKeyType structure to describe
- the type, and calling fBTcl_InitCustomHashTablefR.
- The fBTcl_HashKeyTypefR structure is defined as follows:
- .CS
- typedef struct Tcl_HashKeyType {
- int fIversionfR;
- int fIflagsfR;
- Tcl_HashKeyProc *fIhashKeyProcfR;
- Tcl_CompareHashKeysProc *fIcompareKeysProcfR;
- Tcl_AllocHashEntryProc *fIallocEntryProcfR;
- Tcl_FreeHashEntryProc *fIfreeEntryProcfR;
- } Tcl_HashKeyType;
- .CE
- .PP
- The fIversionfR member is the version of the table. If this
- structure is extended in future then the version can be used
- to distinguish between different structures. It should be set
- to fBTCL_HASH_KEY_TYPE_VERSIONfR.
- .PP
- The fIflagsfR member is one or more of the following values OR'ed together:
- .IP fBTCL_HASH_KEY_RANDOMIZE_HASHfR 25
- There are some things, pointers for example which don't hash well
- because they do not use the lower bits. If this flag is set then the
- hash table will attempt to rectify this by randomising the bits and
- then using the upper N bits as the index into the table.
- .PP
- The fIhashKeyProcfR member contains the address of a function
- called to calculate a hash value for the key.
- .CS
- typedef unsigned int (Tcl_HashKeyProc) (
- Tcl_HashTable *fItablePtrfR,
- VOID *fIkeyPtrfR);
- .CE
- If this is NULL then fIkeyPtrfR is used and
- fBTCL_HASH_KEY_RANDOMIZE_HASHfR is assumed.
- .PP
- The fIcompareKeysProcfR member contains the address of a function
- called to compare two keys.
- .CS
- typedef int (Tcl_CompareHashKeysProc) (VOID *fIkeyPtrfR,
- Tcl_HashEntry *fIhPtrfR);
- .CE
- If this is NULL then the fIkeyPtrfR pointers are compared.
- If the keys don't match then the function returns 0, otherwise
- it returns 1.
- .PP
- The fIallocEntryProcfR member contains the address of a function
- called to allocate space for an entry and initialise the key.
- .CS
- typedef Tcl_HashEntry *(Tcl_AllocHashEntryProc) (
- Tcl_HashTable *fItablePtrfR, VOID *fIkeyPtrfR);
- .CE
- If this is NULL then Tcl_Alloc is used to allocate enough space for a
- Tcl_HashEntry and the key pointer is assigned to key.oneWordValue.
- String keys and array keys use this function to allocate enough
- space for the entry and the key in one block, rather than doing
- it in two blocks. This saves space for a pointer to the key from
- the entry and another memory allocation. Tcl_Obj * keys use this
- function to allocate enough space for an entry and increment the
- reference count on the object.
- If
- .PP
- The fIfreeEntryProcfR member contains the address of a function
- called to free space for an entry.
- .CS
- typedef void (Tcl_FreeHashEntryProc) (Tcl_HashEntry *fIhPtrfR);
- .CE
- If this is NULL then Tcl_Free is used to free the space for the
- entry. Tcl_Obj * keys use this function to decrement the
- reference count on the object.
- .SH KEYWORDS
- hash table, key, lookup, search, value