Async.3
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- '"
- '" Copyright (c) 1989-1993 The Regents of the University of California.
- '" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- '"
- '" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
- '" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
- '"
- '" RCS: @(#) $Id: Async.3,v 1.5.18.1 2004/12/09 09:24:54 dkf Exp $
- '"
- .so man.macros
- .TH Tcl_AsyncCreate 3 7.0 Tcl "Tcl Library Procedures"
- .BS
- .SH NAME
- Tcl_AsyncCreate, Tcl_AsyncMark, Tcl_AsyncInvoke, Tcl_AsyncDelete, Tcl_AsyncReady - handle asynchronous events
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .nf
- fB#include <tcl.h>fR
- .sp
- Tcl_AsyncHandler
- fBTcl_AsyncCreatefR(fIproc, clientDatafR)
- .sp
- fBTcl_AsyncMarkfR(fIasyncfR)
- .sp
- int
- fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR(fIinterp, codefR)
- .sp
- fBTcl_AsyncDeletefR(fIasyncfR)
- .sp
- int
- fBTcl_AsyncReadyfR()
- .SH ARGUMENTS
- .AS Tcl_AsyncHandler clientData
- .AP Tcl_AsyncProc *proc in
- Procedure to invoke to handle an asynchronous event.
- .AP ClientData clientData in
- One-word value to pass to fIprocfR.
- .AP Tcl_AsyncHandler async in
- Token for asynchronous event handler.
- .AP Tcl_Interp *interp in
- Tcl interpreter in which command was being evaluated when handler was
- invoked, or NULL if handler was invoked when there was no interpreter
- active.
- .AP int code in
- Completion code from command that just completed in fIinterpfR,
- or 0 if fIinterpfR is NULL.
- .BE
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .PP
- These procedures provide a safe mechanism for dealing with
- asynchronous events such as signals.
- If an event such as a signal occurs while a Tcl script is being
- evaluated then it isn't safe to take any substantive action to
- process the event.
- For example, it isn't safe to evaluate a Tcl script since the
- interpreter may already be in the middle of evaluating a script;
- it may not even be safe to allocate memory, since a memory
- allocation could have been in progress when the event occurred.
- The only safe approach is to set a flag indicating that the event
- occurred, then handle the event later when the world has returned
- to a clean state, such as after the current Tcl command completes.
- .PP
- fBTcl_AsyncCreatefR, fBTcl_AsyncDeletefR, and fBTcl_AsyncReadyfR
- are thread sensitive. They access and/or set a thread-specific data
- structure in the event of a core built with fI--enable-threadsfR. The token
- created by fBTcl_AsyncCreatefR contains the needed thread information it
- was called from so that calling fBTcl_AsyncMarkfR(fItokenfR) will only yield
- the origin thread into the asynchronous handler.
- .PP
- fBTcl_AsyncCreatefR creates an asynchronous handler and returns
- a token for it.
- The asynchronous handler must be created before
- any occurrences of the asynchronous event that it is intended
- to handle (it is not safe to create a handler at the time of
- an event).
- When an asynchronous event occurs the code that detects the event
- (such as a signal handler) should call fBTcl_AsyncMarkfR with the
- token for the handler.
- fBTcl_AsyncMarkfR will mark the handler as ready to execute, but it
- will not invoke the handler immediately.
- Tcl will call the fIprocfR associated with the handler later, when
- the world is in a safe state, and fIprocfR can then carry out
- the actions associated with the asynchronous event.
- fIProcfR should have arguments and result that match the
- type fBTcl_AsyncProcfR:
- .CS
- typedef int Tcl_AsyncProc(
- ClientData fIclientDatafR,
- Tcl_Interp *fIinterpfR,
- int fIcodefR);
- .CE
- The fIclientDatafR will be the same as the fIclientDatafR
- argument passed to fBTcl_AsyncCreatefR when the handler was
- created.
- If fIprocfR is invoked just after a command has completed
- execution in an interpreter, then fIinterpfR will identify
- the interpreter in which the command was evaluated and
- fIcodefR will be the completion code returned by that
- command.
- The command's result will be present in the interpreter's result.
- When fIprocfR returns, whatever it leaves in the interpreter's result
- will be returned as the result of the command and the integer
- value returned by fIprocfR will be used as the new completion
- code for the command.
- .PP
- It is also possible for fIprocfR to be invoked when no interpreter
- is active.
- This can happen, for example, if an asynchronous event occurs while
- the application is waiting for interactive input or an X event.
- In this case fIinterpfR will be NULL and fIcodefR will be
- 0, and the return value from fIprocfR will be ignored.
- .PP
- The procedure fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR is called to invoke all of the
- handlers that are ready.
- The procedure fBTcl_AsyncReadyfR will return non-zero whenever any
- asynchronous handlers are ready; it can be checked to avoid calls
- to fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR when there are no ready handlers.
- Tcl calls fBTcl_AsyncReadyfR after each command is evaluated
- and calls fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR if needed.
- Applications may also call fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR at interesting
- times for that application.
- For example, Tcl's event handler calls fBTcl_AsyncReadyfR
- after each event and calls fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR if needed.
- The fIinterpfR and fIcodefR arguments to fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR
- have the same meaning as for fIprocfR: they identify the active
- interpreter, if any, and the completion code from the command
- that just completed.
- .PP
- fBTcl_AsyncDeletefR removes an asynchronous handler so that
- its fIprocfR will never be invoked again.
- A handler can be deleted even when ready, and it will still
- not be invoked.
- .PP
- If multiple handlers become active at the same time, the
- handlers are invoked in the order they were created (oldest
- handler first).
- The fIcodefR and the interpreter's result for later handlers
- reflect the values returned by earlier handlers, so that
- the most recently created handler has last say about
- the interpreter's result and completion code.
- If new handlers become ready while handlers are executing,
- fBTcl_AsyncInvokefR will invoke them all; at each point it
- invokes the highest-priority (oldest) ready handler, repeating
- this over and over until there are no longer any ready handlers.
- .SH WARNING
- .PP
- It is almost always a bad idea for an asynchronous event
- handler to modify the interpreter's result or return a code different
- from its fIcodefR argument.
- This sort of behavior can disrupt the execution of scripts in
- subtle ways and result in bugs that are extremely difficult
- to track down.
- If an asynchronous event handler needs to evaluate Tcl scripts
- then it should first save the interpreter's result plus the values
- of the variables fBerrorInfofR and fBerrorCodefR (this can
- be done, for example, by storing them in dynamic strings).
- When the asynchronous handler is finished it should restore
- the interpreter's result, fBerrorInfofR, and fBerrorCodefR,
- and return the fIcodefR argument.
- .SH KEYWORDS
- asynchronous event, handler, signal