entry.n
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- '"
- '" Copyright (c) 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California.
- '" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- '" Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Scriptics Corporation.
- '"
- '" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution
- '" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
- '"
- '" RCS: @(#) $Id: entry.n,v 1.11.2.1 2004/10/28 10:19:29 dkf Exp $
- '"
- .so man.macros
- .TH entry n 8.3 Tk "Tk Built-In Commands"
- .BS
- '" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below!
- .SH NAME
- entry - Create and manipulate entry widgets
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- fBentryfR fIpathName fR?fIoptionsfR?
- .SO
- -background -highlightthickness -selectbackground
- -borderwidth -insertbackground -selectborderwidth
- -cursor -insertborderwidth -selectforeground
- -exportselection -insertofftime -takefocus
- -font -insertontime -textvariable
- -foreground -insertwidth -xscrollcommand
- -highlightbackground -justify
- -highlightcolor -relief
- .SE
- .SH "WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS"
- .VS 8.4
- .OP -disabledbackground disabledBackground DisabledBackground
- Specifies the background color to use when the entry is disabled. If
- this option is the empty string, the normal background color is used.
- .OP -disabledforeground disabledForeground DisabledForeground
- Specifies the foreground color to use when the entry is disabled. If
- this option is the empty string, the normal foreground color is used.
- .VE 8.4
- .VS 8.3
- .OP "-invalidcommand or -invcmd" invalidCommand InvalidCommand
- Specifies a script to eval when fBvalidateCommandfR returns 0.
- Setting it to {} disables this feature (the default). The best use
- of this option is to set it to fIbellfR. See fBValidationfR
- below for more information.
- .VE
- .VS 8.4
- .OP -readonlybackground readonlyBackground ReadonlyBackground
- Specifies the background color to use when the entry is readonly. If
- this option is the empty string, the normal background color is used.
- .VE
- .OP -show show Show
- If this option is specified, then the true contents of the entry
- are not displayed in the window.
- Instead, each character in the entry's value will be displayed as
- the first character in the value of this option, such as ``*''.
- This is useful, for example, if the entry is to be used to enter
- a password.
- If characters in the entry are selected and copied elsewhere, the
- information copied will be what is displayed, not the true contents
- of the entry.
- .VS 8.4
- .OP -state state State
- Specifies one of three states for the entry: fBnormalfR,
- fBdisabledfR, or fBreadonlyfR. If the entry is readonly, then the
- value may not be changed using widget commands and no insertion cursor
- will be displayed, even if the input focus is in the widget; the
- contents of the widget may still be selected. If the entry is
- disabled, the value may not be changed, no insertion cursor will be
- displayed, the contents will not be selectable, and the entry may
- be displayed in a different color, depending on the values of the
- fB-disabledforegroundfR and fB-disabledbackgroundfR options.
- .VE 8.4
- .VS 8.3
- .OP -validate validate Validate
- Specifies the mode in which validation should operate: fBnonefR,
- fBfocusfR, fBfocusinfR, fBfocusoutfR, fBkeyfR, or fBallfR.
- It defaults to fBnonefR. When you want validation, you must explicitly
- state which mode you wish to use. See fBValidationfR below for more.
- .OP "-validatecommand or -vcmd" validateCommand ValidateCommand
- Specifies a script to eval when you want to validate the input into
- the entry widget. Setting it to {} disables this feature (the default).
- This command must return a valid Tcl boolean value. If it returns 0 (or
- the valid Tcl boolean equivalent) then it means you reject the new edition
- and it will not occur and the fBinvalidCommandfR will be evaluated if it
- is set. If it returns 1, then the new edition occurs.
- See fBValidationfR below for more information.
- .VE
- .OP -width width Width
- Specifies an integer value indicating the desired width of the entry window,
- in average-size characters of the widget's font.
- If the value is less than or equal to zero, the widget picks a
- size just large enough to hold its current text.
- .BE
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .PP
- The fBentryfR command creates a new window (given by the
- fIpathNamefR argument) and makes it into an entry widget.
- Additional options, described above, may be specified on the
- command line or in the option database
- to configure aspects of the entry such as its colors, font,
- and relief. The fBentryfR command returns its
- fIpathNamefR argument. At the time this command is invoked,
- there must not exist a window named fIpathNamefR, but
- fIpathNamefR's parent must exist.
- .PP
- An entry is a widget that displays a one-line text string and
- allows that string to be edited using widget commands described below, which
- are typically bound to keystrokes and mouse actions.
- When first created, an entry's string is empty.
- A portion of the entry may be selected as described below.
- If an entry is exporting its selection (see the fBexportSelectionfR
- option), then it will observe the standard X11 protocols for handling the
- selection; entry selections are available as type fBSTRINGfR.
- Entries also observe the standard Tk rules for dealing with the
- input focus. When an entry has the input focus it displays an
- fIinsertion cursorfR to indicate where new characters will be
- inserted.
- .PP
- Entries are capable of displaying strings that are too long to
- fit entirely within the widget's window. In this case, only a
- portion of the string will be displayed; commands described below
- may be used to change the view in the window. Entries use
- the standard fBxScrollCommandfR mechanism for interacting with
- scrollbars (see the description of the fBxScrollCommandfR option
- for details). They also support scanning, as described below.
- .SH VALIDATION
- .VS 8.3
- .PP
- Validation works by setting the fBvalidateCommandfR
- option to a script which will be evaluated according to the fBvalidatefR
- option as follows:
- .PP
- .IP fBnonefR 10
- Default. This means no validation will occur.
- .IP fBfocusfR 10
- fBvalidateCommandfR will be called when the entry receives or
- loses focus.
- .IP fBfocusinfR 10
- fBvalidateCommandfR will be called when the entry receives focus.
- .IP fBfocusoutfR 10
- fBvalidateCommandfR will be called when the entry loses focus.
- .IP fBkeyfR 10
- fBvalidateCommandfR will be called when the entry is edited.
- .IP fBallfR 10
- fBvalidateCommandfR will be called for all above conditions.
- .PP
- It is possible to perform percent substitutions on the fBvalidateCommandfR
- and fBinvalidCommandfR,
- just as you would in a fBbindfR script. The following substitutions
- are recognized:
- .PP
- .IP fB%dfR 5
- Type of action: 1 for fBinsertfR, 0 for fBdeletefR,
- or -1 for focus, forced or textvariable validation.
- .IP fB%ifR 5
- Index of char string to be inserted/deleted, if any, otherwise -1.
- .IP fB%PfR 5
- The value of the entry if the edit is allowed. If you are configuring the
- entry widget to have a new textvariable, this will be the value of that
- textvariable.
- .IP fB%sfR 5
- The current value of entry prior to editing.
- .IP fB%SfR 5
- The text string being inserted/deleted, if any, {} otherwise.
- .IP fB%vfR 5
- The type of validation currently set.
- .IP fB%VfR 5
- The type of validation that triggered the callback
- (key, focusin, focusout, forced).
- .IP fB%WfR 5
- The name of the entry widget.
- .PP
- In general, the fBtextVariablefR and fBvalidateCommandfR can be
- dangerous to mix. Any problems have been overcome so that using the
- fBvalidateCommandfR will not interfere with the traditional behavior of
- the entry widget. Using the fBtextVariablefR for read-only purposes will
- never cause problems. The danger comes when you try set the
- fBtextVariablefR to something that the fBvalidateCommandfR would not
- accept, which causes fBvalidatefR to become fInonefR (the
- fBinvalidCommandfR will not be triggered). The same happens
- when an error occurs evaluating the fBvalidateCommandfR.
- .PP
- Primarily, an error will occur when the fBvalidateCommandfR or
- fBinvalidCommandfR encounters an error in its script while evaluating or
- fBvalidateCommandfR does not return a valid Tcl boolean value. The
- fBvalidatefR option will also set itself to fBnonefR when you edit the
- entry widget from within either the fBvalidateCommandfR or the
- fBinvalidCommandfR. Such editions will override the one that was being
- validated. If you wish to edit the entry widget (for example set it to {})
- during validation and still have the fBvalidatefR option set, you should
- include the command
- .CS
- after idle {%W config -validate %v}
- .CE
- in the fBvalidateCommandfR or fBinvalidCommandfR (whichever one you
- were editing the entry widget from). It is also recommended to not set an
- associated fBtextVariablefR during validation, as that can cause the
- entry widget to become out of sync with the fBtextVariablefR.
- .VE
- .SH "WIDGET COMMAND"
- .PP
- The fBentryfR command creates a new Tcl command whose
- name is fIpathNamefR. This command may be used to invoke various
- operations on the widget. It has the following general form:
- .CS
- fIpathName option fR?fIarg arg ...fR?
- .CE
- fIOptionfR and the fIargfRs
- determine the exact behavior of the command.
- .PP
- Many of the widget commands for entries take one or more indices as
- arguments. An index specifies a particular character in the entry's
- string, in any of the following ways:
- .TP 12
- fInumberfR
- Specifies the character as a numerical index, where 0 corresponds
- to the first character in the string.
- .TP 12
- fBanchorfR
- Indicates the anchor point for the selection, which is set with the
- fBselect fromfR and fBselect adjustfR widget commands.
- .TP 12
- fBendfR
- Indicates the character just after the last one in the entry's string.
- This is equivalent to specifying a numerical index equal to the length
- of the entry's string.
- .TP 12
- fBinsertfR
- Indicates the character adjacent to and immediately following the
- insertion cursor.
- .TP 12
- fBsel.firstfR
- Indicates the first character in the selection. It is an error to
- use this form if the selection isn't in the entry window.
- .TP 12
- fBsel.lastfR
- Indicates the character just after the last one in the selection.
- It is an error to use this form if the selection isn't in the
- entry window.
- .TP 12
- fB@fInumberfR
- In this form, fInumberfR is treated as an x-coordinate in the
- entry's window; the character spanning that x-coordinate is used.
- For example, ``fB@0fR'' indicates the left-most character in the
- window.
- .LP
- Abbreviations may be used for any of the forms above, e.g. ``fBefR''
- or ``fBsel.ffR''. In general, out-of-range indices are automatically
- rounded to the nearest legal value.
- .PP
- The following commands are possible for entry widgets:
- .TP
- fIpathName fBbbox fIindexfR
- Returns a list of four numbers describing the bounding box of the
- character given by fIindexfR.
- The first two elements of the list give the x and y coordinates of
- the upper-left corner of the screen area covered by the character
- (in pixels relative to the widget) and the last two elements give
- the width and height of the character, in pixels.
- The bounding box may refer to a region outside the visible area
- of the window.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBcgetfR fIoptionfR
- Returns the current value of the configuration option given
- by fIoptionfR.
- fIOptionfR may have any of the values accepted by the fBentryfR
- command.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBconfigurefR ?fIoptionfR? ?fIvalue option value ...fR?
- Query or modify the configuration options of the widget.
- If no fIoptionfR is specified, returns a list describing all of
- the available options for fIpathNamefR (see fBTk_ConfigureInfofR for
- information on the format of this list). If fIoptionfR is specified
- with no fIvaluefR, then the command returns a list describing the
- one named option (this list will be identical to the corresponding
- sublist of the value returned if no fIoptionfR is specified). If
- one or more fIoption-valuefR pairs are specified, then the command
- modifies the given widget option(s) to have the given value(s); in
- this case the command returns an empty string.
- fIOptionfR may have any of the values accepted by the fBentryfR
- command.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBdelete fIfirst fR?fIlastfR?
- Delete one or more elements of the entry.
- fIFirstfR is the index of the first character to delete, and
- fIlastfR is the index of the character just after the last
- one to delete.
- If fIlastfR isn't specified it defaults to fIfirstfR+1,
- i.e. a single character is deleted.
- This command returns an empty string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBgetfR
- Returns the entry's string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBicursor fIindexfR
- Arrange for the insertion cursor to be displayed just before the character
- given by fIindexfR. Returns an empty string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBindexfI indexfR
- Returns the numerical index corresponding to fIindexfR.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBinsert fIindex stringfR
- Insert the characters of fIstringfR just before the character
- indicated by fIindexfR. Returns an empty string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBscanfR fIoption argsfR
- This command is used to implement scanning on entries. It has
- two forms, depending on fIoptionfR:
- .RS
- .TP
- fIpathName fBscan mark fIxfR
- Records fIxfR and the current view in the entry window; used in
- conjunction with later fBscan dragtofR commands. Typically this
- command is associated with a mouse button press in the widget. It
- returns an empty string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBscan dragto fIxfR
- This command computes the difference between its fIxfR argument
- and the fIxfR argument to the last fBscan markfR command for
- the widget. It then adjusts the view left or right by 10 times the
- difference in x-coordinates. This command is typically associated
- with mouse motion events in the widget, to produce the effect of
- dragging the entry at high speed through the window. The return
- value is an empty string.
- .RE
- .TP
- fIpathName fBselection fIoption argfR
- This command is used to adjust the selection within an entry. It
- has several forms, depending on fIoptionfR:
- .RS
- .TP
- fIpathName fBselection adjust fIindexfR
- Locate the end of the selection nearest to the character given by
- fIindexfR, and adjust that end of the selection to be at fIindexfR
- (i.e. including but not going beyond fIindexfR). The other
- end of the selection is made the anchor point for future
- fBselect tofR commands. If the selection
- isn't currently in the entry, then a new selection is created to
- include the characters between fIindexfR and the most recent
- selection anchor point, inclusive.
- Returns an empty string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBselection clearfR
- Clear the selection if it is currently in this widget. If the
- selection isn't in this widget then the command has no effect.
- Returns an empty string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBselection from fIindexfR
- Set the selection anchor point to just before the character
- given by fIindexfR. Doesn't change the selection.
- Returns an empty string.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBselection presentfR
- Returns 1 if there is are characters selected in the entry,
- 0 if nothing is selected.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBselection range fIstartfR fIendfR
- Sets the selection to include the characters starting with
- the one indexed by fIstartfR and ending with the one just
- before fIendfR.
- If fIendfR refers to the same character as fIstartfR or an
- earlier one, then the entry's selection is cleared.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBselection to fIindexfR
- If fIindexfR is before the anchor point, set the selection
- to the characters from fIindexfR up to but not including
- the anchor point.
- If fIindexfR is the same as the anchor point, do nothing.
- If fIindexfR is after the anchor point, set the selection
- to the characters from the anchor point up to but not including
- fIindexfR.
- The anchor point is determined by the most recent fBselect fromfR
- or fBselect adjustfR command in this widget.
- If the selection isn't in this widget then a new selection is
- created using the most recent anchor point specified for the widget.
- Returns an empty string.
- .RE
- .VS 8.3
- .TP
- fIpathName fBvalidatefR
- This command is used to force an evaluation of the fBvalidateCommandfR
- independent of the conditions specified by the fBvalidatefR option.
- This is done by temporarily setting the fBvalidatefR option to fBallfR.
- It returns 0 or 1.
- .VE
- .TP
- fIpathName fBxview fIargsfR
- This command is used to query and change the horizontal position of the
- text in the widget's window. It can take any of the following
- forms:
- .RS
- .TP
- fIpathName fBxviewfR
- Returns a list containing two elements.
- Each element is a real fraction between 0 and 1; together they describe
- the horizontal span that is visible in the window.
- For example, if the first element is .2 and the second element is .6,
- 20% of the entry's text is off-screen to the left, the middle 40% is visible
- in the window, and 40% of the text is off-screen to the right.
- These are the same values passed to scrollbars via the fB-xscrollcommandfR
- option.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBxviewfR fIindexfR
- Adjusts the view in the window so that the character given by fIindexfR
- is displayed at the left edge of the window.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBxview movetofI fractionfR
- Adjusts the view in the window so that the character fIfractionfR of the
- way through the text appears at the left edge of the window.
- fIFractionfR must be a fraction between 0 and 1.
- .TP
- fIpathName fBxview scroll fInumber whatfR
- This command shifts the view in the window left or right according to
- fInumberfR and fIwhatfR.
- fINumberfR must be an integer.
- fIWhatfR must be either fBunitsfR or fBpagesfR or an abbreviation
- of one of these.
- If fIwhatfR is fBunitsfR, the view adjusts left or right by
- fInumberfR average-width characters on the display; if it is
- fBpagesfR then the view adjusts by fInumberfR screenfuls.
- If fInumberfR is negative then characters farther to the left
- become visible; if it is positive then characters farther to the right
- become visible.
- .RE
- .SH "DEFAULT BINDINGS"
- .PP
- Tk automatically creates class bindings for entries that give them
- the following default behavior.
- In the descriptions below, ``word'' refers to a contiguous group
- of letters, digits, or ``_'' characters, or any single character
- other than these.
- .IP [1]
- Clicking mouse button 1 positions the insertion cursor
- just before the character underneath the mouse cursor, sets the
- input focus to this widget, and clears any selection in the widget.
- Dragging with mouse button 1 strokes out a selection between
- the insertion cursor and the character under the mouse.
- .IP [2]
- Double-clicking with mouse button 1 selects the word under the mouse
- and positions the insertion cursor at the end of the word.
- Dragging after a double click will stroke out a selection consisting
- of whole words.
- .IP [3]
- Triple-clicking with mouse button 1 selects all of the text in the
- entry and positions the insertion cursor at the end of the line.
- .IP [4]
- The ends of the selection can be adjusted by dragging with mouse
- button 1 while the Shift key is down; this will adjust the end
- of the selection that was nearest to the mouse cursor when button
- 1 was pressed.
- If the button is double-clicked before dragging then the selection
- will be adjusted in units of whole words.
- .IP [5]
- Clicking mouse button 1 with the Control key down will position the
- insertion cursor in the entry without affecting the selection.
- .IP [6]
- If any normal printing characters are typed in an entry, they are
- inserted at the point of the insertion cursor.
- .IP [7]
- The view in the entry can be adjusted by dragging with mouse button 2.
- If mouse button 2 is clicked without moving the mouse, the selection
- is copied into the entry at the position of the mouse cursor.
- .IP [8]
- If the mouse is dragged out of the entry on the left or right sides
- while button 1 is pressed, the entry will automatically scroll to
- make more text visible (if there is more text off-screen on the side
- where the mouse left the window).
- .IP [9]
- The Left and Right keys move the insertion cursor one character to the
- left or right; they also clear any selection in the entry and set
- the selection anchor.
- If Left or Right is typed with the Shift key down, then the insertion
- cursor moves and the selection is extended to include the new character.
- Control-Left and Control-Right move the insertion cursor by words, and
- Control-Shift-Left and Control-Shift-Right move the insertion cursor
- by words and also extend the selection.
- Control-b and Control-f behave the same as Left and Right, respectively.
- Meta-b and Meta-f behave the same as Control-Left and Control-Right,
- respectively.
- .IP [10]
- The Home key, or Control-a, will move the insertion cursor to the
- beginning of the entry and clear any selection in the entry.
- Shift-Home moves the insertion cursor to the beginning of the entry
- and also extends the selection to that point.
- .IP [11]
- The End key, or Control-e, will move the insertion cursor to the
- end of the entry and clear any selection in the entry.
- Shift-End moves the cursor to the end and extends the selection
- to that point.
- .IP [12]
- The Select key and Control-Space set the selection anchor to the position
- of the insertion cursor. They don't affect the current selection.
- Shift-Select and Control-Shift-Space adjust the selection to the
- current position of the insertion cursor, selecting from the anchor
- to the insertion cursor if there was not any selection previously.
- .IP [13]
- Control-/ selects all the text in the entry.
- .IP [14]
- Control-e clears any selection in the entry.
- .IP [15]
- The F16 key (labelled Copy on many Sun workstations) or Meta-w
- copies the selection in the widget to the clipboard, if there is a selection.
- .IP [16]
- The F20 key (labelled Cut on many Sun workstations) or Control-w
- copies the selection in the widget to the clipboard and deletes
- the selection.
- If there is no selection in the widget then these keys have no effect.
- .IP [17]
- The F18 key (labelled Paste on many Sun workstations) or Control-y
- inserts the contents of the clipboard at the position of the
- insertion cursor.
- .IP [18]
- The Delete key deletes the selection, if there is one in the entry.
- If there is no selection, it deletes the character to the right of
- the insertion cursor.
- .IP [19]
- The BackSpace key and Control-h delete the selection, if there is one
- in the entry.
- If there is no selection, it deletes the character to the left of
- the insertion cursor.
- .IP [20]
- Control-d deletes the character to the right of the insertion cursor.
- .IP [21]
- Meta-d deletes the word to the right of the insertion cursor.
- .IP [22]
- Control-k deletes all the characters to the right of the insertion
- cursor.
- .IP [23]
- Control-t reverses the order of the two characters to the right of
- the insertion cursor.
- .PP
- If the entry is disabled using the fB-statefR option, then the entry's
- view can still be adjusted and text in the entry can still be selected,
- but no insertion cursor will be displayed and no text modifications will
- take place
- .VS
- except if the entry is linked to a variable using the fB-textvariablefR
- option, in which case any changes to the variable are reflected by the
- entry whatever the value of its fB-statefR option.
- .VE
- .PP
- The behavior of entries can be changed by defining new bindings for
- individual widgets or by redefining the class bindings.
- .SH KEYWORDS
- entry, widget