gif2png.1
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- .TH GIF2PNG 1 "20 September 1999"
- .SH NAME
- gif2png - convert GIFs to PNGs
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- gif2png [-bdfghinprsvwO] [file[.gif]...]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- The gif2png program converts files in the obsolescent and
- patent-encumbered Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) to Portable Network
- Graphics (PNG) format, an open W3C standard.
- Normally gif2png converts each file named on the command line, leaving
- the original in place. If a name does not have a .gif extension, the
- unmodified name will be tried first, followed by the name with .gif
- appended. For each file named `foo.gif', a foo.png will be created.
- When a multi-image GIF file named foo.gif is converted, gif2png
- creates multiple PNG files, each containing one frame; their names
- will be foo.png, foo.p01, foo.p02 etc.
- If no source files are specified and stdin is a terminal, gif2png lists
- a usage summary and version information, then exits.
- If no source files are specified, and stdin is a device or pipe, stdin
- is converted to noname.png. (The program can't be a normal
- stdin-to-stdout filter because of the possibility that the input GIF
- might have multiple images).
- However, if filter mode is forced (with -f) stdin will be converted to
- stdout, with gif2png returning an error code if the GIF is multi-image.
- The program will preserve the information contained in a GIF file as
- closely as possible, including GIF comment and application-data
- extension blocks. All graphics data (pixels, RGB color tables) will be
- converted without loss of information. Transparency is also preserved.
- There is one exception; GIF plain-text extensions are skipped.
- The program automatically converts interlaced GIFs to interlaced PNGs.
- It detects images in which all colors are gray (equal R, G, and B
- values) and converts such images to PNG grayscale. Other images are
- converted to use the PNG palette type. Duplicate color entries are
- silently preserved. Unused color-table entries cause an error message.
- The action of the program can be modified with the following
- command-line switches:
- .TP
- .B -b {#}RRGGBB
- Background. Replace transparent pixels with given RGB value,
- six hexadecimal digits interpreted as two hexits each of red,
- green, and blue value. The value may optionally be led with
- a #, HTML-style.
- .TP
- .B -d
- Delete source GIF files after successful conversion.
- .TP
- .B -f
- Filter mode. Convert GIF on stdin to PNG on stdout, return error
- if the GIF is multi-image.
- .TP
- .B -g
- Write gamma=1/2.2 and sRGB chunks in the PNG.
- .TP
- .B -h
- Generate PNG color-frequency histogram chunks into converted color files.
- .TP
- .B -i
- Force conversion to interlaced PNG files.
- .TP
- .B -n
- Force conversion to non-interlaced PNG files.
- .TP
- .B -p
- Display progress of PNG writing.
- .TP
- .B -r
- Try to recover data from corrupted GIF files.
- .TP
- .B -s
- Do not translate the GIF Software chunk to a PNG annotation.
- .TP
- .B -v
- Verbose mode; show summary line, -vv enables conversion-statistics and
- debugging messages.
- .TP
- .B -w
- Web-probe switch; list GIFs that do not have multiple images or
- transparency to stdout. GIFs that fail this filter cause error
- messages to stderr.
- .TP
- .B -O
- Optimize; remove unused color-table entries. Normally these trigger
- an error message and disable -d (but conversion is completed anyway).
- Also, use zlib compression level 9 (best compression) instead of
- the default level.
- The recovery algorithm enabled by -r is as follows: Unused color table
- entries will not trigger an error message as they normally do, but
- will still be preserved unless -O is also on, in which case they will
- be discarded. Missing color tables will be patched with a default that
- puts black at index 0, white at index 1, and supplies red, green,
- blue, yellow, purple and cyan as the remaining color values. Missing
- image pixels will be set to 0. Unrecognized or corrupted extensions
- will be discarded.
- .SH PROBLEMS
- Naively converting all your GIFs at one go with gif2png is not likely
- to give you the results you want. The problem is not with PNG itself
- or with gif2png, but with the poor-to-nonexistent support for PNG
- transparency and animation in most browsers.
- The web-probe switch is intended to be used with scripts for
- converting web sites. All PNGs generated from the pathnames it
- returns will be properly rendered in Netscape Navigator 4.04+,
- Internet Explorer versions 4.0b1+, and all other current web browsers.
- Note: in future releases of gif2png, the meaning of this switch may
- change to reflect the capabilities of prevalent browsers.
- .SH PATENT ISSUES
- The GIF format is encumbered by a Unisys patent (see
- <http://www.patents.ibm.com/details?pn=US04558302__>) for the
- Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression algorithm. Use of any GIF image
- generator not licensed by Unisys can make you liable to lawsuit.
- Unisys apparently refuses to issue licenses for use of LZW in
- open-source programs, and in 1999 stated that its policy is to require
- a $5000 fee from websites that carry GIF images made by unlicensed
- software -- even nonprofit websites created and displayed with free
- software. See <http://corp2.unisys.com/LeadStory/lzw-license.html>
- for details.
- The patent probably does not cover LZW decompressors such as the one
- gif2png uses; legal opinions are divided on this, there has been no court
- test, and Unisys refuses to commit itself. It is possible that
- you may be liable if you distribute gif2png in a commercial program,
- or distribute gif2png on a for-profit basis.
- For a history of the GIF patent controversy, see
- <http://lpf.ai.mit.edu/Patents/Gif/Gif.html>. To avoid legal
- problems, it would be a good idea to convert all GIFs on your websites
- and elsewhere to PNGs without delay. See <http://burnallgifs.org/>
- for discussion.
- .SH STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- Copies of the GIF89 specification are widely available on the Web;
- search for "GRAPHICS INTERCHANGE FORMAT". The Graphics Interchange
- Format(c) is the Copyright property of CompuServe
- Incorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of CompuServe
- Incorporated.
- The PNG home site at <http://www.cdrom.com/pub/png/> has very
- complete information on the PNG standard, PNG libraries, and PNG tools.
- .SH SEE ALSO
- web2png(1)
- .SH AUTHORS
- Code by Alexander Lehmann <alex@hal.rhein-main.de>, 1995.
- Auto-interlace conversion and tRNS optimization by Greg Roelofs
- <newt@pobox.com>, 1999. Man page, -O, -w, and production packaging by
- Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>, 1999.