PFDISK.MAN
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磁盘编程
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- .TH PFDISK 8 "Oct 1990" "Release 1.3"
- .SH NAME
- pfdisk - partition fixed disk
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B pfdisk
- .I device
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .LP
- .B pfdisk
- partitions the fixed disk identified as
- .I device
- into (at most) four parts, each of which may
- be independently loaded with an operating system.
- The actual name of
- .I device
- depends on the operating system in use.
- For ESIX (System V/386) the device name is either
- "/dev/rdsk/0s0" or "/dev/rdsk/1s0".
- For Minix, it is "/dev/hd0" or "/dev/hd5".
- For MS-DOS it is a single digit (zero or one).
- .LP
- .B pfdisk
- reads the hard disk partition table from block zero of
- .I device
- into memory and allows the user to examine, modify, or save the
- partition table. A regular file may be used instead of a real
- .I device
- for testing purposes, though the device geometry must be specified
- manually, and some systems will requrire a file-name argument with
- the "R" and "W" commands (DOS, ESIX).
- .LP
- The partition table on
- .I device
- is NOT modified unless the write command (W) is used with no argument.
- .SH USAGE
- .SS Commands
- .LP
- All
- .B pfdisk
- commands consist of a command word followed by optional
- blank-separated command arguments.
- Note that only the first letter of a command word is significant
- (except for "wq" and "q!").
- All command letters are accepted in either upper or lower case.
- Numeric arguments are specified using C syntax.
- Extra arguments are silently ignored.
- .LP
- The commands are:
- .TP
- .B ?
- Prints a command summary (help).
- .TP
- .BI 1 " sys_id first last sys_name"
- Set the partition table entry for part one, using:
- .I sys_id
- as its system ID code,
- .I first
- as the lowest numbered cylinder it uses,
- .I last
- as the highest numbered cylinder it uses, and
- .I sys_name
- (optional) as the system name (in the menu name table).
- .TP
- .BI 2|3|4 " sys-id first last sys-name"
- Similar to
- .B 1
- but sets partition two, three, or four, respectively.
- .TP
- .BI A " number"
- Mark partition
- .I number
- as active (so it will be used for booting). If
- .I number
- is zero, no partition will be active.
- .TP
- .BI G " cylinders heads sectors"
- Inform
- .B pfdisk
- what the geometry of the device is.
- .TP
- .B I
- Print a summary of the known ID codes.
- .TP
- .B L
- List the partition table.
- See
- .B "Output Format"
- below.
- .TP
- .B Q
- Quit without saving. If the memory copy of the partition table was
- modified, a warning will be issued and the command ignored.
- .TP
- .B Q!
- Quit, even if the memory copy of the partition table was not saved.
- .TP
- .BI R " file-name"
- Read boot sector from
- .I file-name
- (if given) otherwise read from
- .I device.
- .TP
- .BI W " file-name"
- Write boot sector to
- .I file-name.
- (if given) otherwise write to
- .I device.
- .TP
- .B WQ
- Same as "write" followed by "quit".
- .TP
- .B #
- This line is a comment (to be ignored).
- .SS "Output Format"
- .LP
- Here is a sample of the output from the
- .B L
- command:
- .LP
- .nf
- # Partition table on device: /dev/rdsk/0s0
- geometry 1222 15 34 (cyls heads sectors)
- # ID First(cyl) Last(cyl) Name # start, length (sectors)
- 1 4 0 127 MS-LOSS # 34, 65246
- 2 129 128 255 Minix # 65280, 65280
- 3 0 0 0 # 0, 0
- 4 99 256 1220 ESIX # 130560, 492150
- # note: last(4): phys=(1023,14,34) logical=(1220,14,34)
- active: 4
- .fi
- .LP
- This output format is carefully constructed so that it
- may be saved in a file (by redirecting standard output)
- and later used as input (by redirecting standard input).
- On a UNIX system, one can save this output using the command:
- .IP
- (echo L) | pfdisk device-name >
- .I save-file
- .LP The printable representation saved in
- .I save-file
- is a complete record of the partition table.
- On a UNIX system, one could use
- .I save-file
- to re-initialize the partition table using the command:
- .IP
- (cat save-file ; echo wq) | pfdisk device-name
- .LP
- Consistency of each partition table entry is checked
- while the table is listed. Any inconsistencies discovered
- are reported in a commentary note as shown above.
- .SS "Physical vs. Logical"
- .LP
- Each partition table entry has both "physical" and a "logical" fields.
- The physical fields specify the lowest and highest cylinder,head,sector
- combinations to be used in that partition. The logical start field
- has the total number of sectors which precede this partition, and
- the logical length field has the total number of sectors contained
- in this partition. These fields should be self consistent unless
- the disk has more than 1024 cylinders.
- .LP
- The physical cylinder fields are only ten-bits wide so the contents
- are limited to 1023. The logical sector fields are 32 bits wide and
- always show the true logical beginning and length of the partition.
- Generally, the physical start field is used only to locate the
- secondary boot sector, and the logical start and length fields are
- used to actually delimit the partition used by a particular system.
- .SS "Partition Names"
- .LP
- The
- .B Name
- field in the partition table is treated specially if the
- .B bootmenu
- program is installed in the primary boot sector.
- (See the file bootmenu.doc for more information.)
- .B pfdisk
- can recognize the name table used by
- .B bootmenu
- and will show the actual names present in that name table.
- If any other boot program is used then the
- .B Name
- field reflects the result of a table-lookup of the system ID.
- .LP
- If you provide a name when setting any partition entry, the
- boot-sector is marked as using a name table, so that on
- subsequent uses of
- .B pfdisk
- you will see the partition names you have specified.
- .SS "Boot program replacement"
- .LP
- You can replace the boot program in your boot sector without
- affecting the partition table by using
- .B pfdisk
- as follows. First, (as always) save a copy of the current boot
- sector (on a floppy) using the "W file" command. Then, use the
- "R file" command to read the new boot program.
- If the boot program read in is less than 446 bytes long, the
- partition table will be unchanged.
- .LP
- Unlike the DOS or UNIX
- .B fdisk
- programs,
- .B pfdisk
- has
- .I NO
- boot program compiled into its executable image.
- If you wish to use
- .B pfdisk
- to partition a newly formatted hard disk, you must have a boot program
- image available to read in using the "r file" command.
- Two boot programs, "bootmenu.bin" and "bootauto.bin" are distributed with
- .B pfdisk
- and should be found with its source files. See the file bootmenu.doc
- for further information about these boot programs.
- .SH AUTHOR
- Gordon W. Ross