PFDISK.DOC
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- PFDISK(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS PFDISK(8)
- NAME
- pfdisk - partition fixed disk
- SYNOPSIS
- pfdisk device
- DESCRIPTION
- pfdisk partitions the fixed disk identified as device into (at
- most) four parts, each of which may be independently loaded with
- an operating system. The actual name of device depends on the
- operating system in use. For ESIX (System V/386) the device
- name is either "/dev/rdsk/0s0" or "/dev/rdsk/1s0". For Minix,
- it is "/dev/hd0" or "/dev/hd5". For MS-DOS it is a single digit
- (zero or one).
- pfdisk reads the hard disk partition table from block zero of
- device into memory and allows the user to examine, modify, or
- save the partition table. A regular file may be used instead of
- a real device for testing purposes, though the device geometry
- must be specified manually, and some systems will requrire a
- file-name argument with the "R" and "W" commands (DOS, ESIX).
- The partition table on device is NOT modified unless the write
- command (W) is used with no argument.
- USAGE
- Commands
- All pfdisk commands consist of a command word followed by
- optional blank-separated command arguments. Note that only the
- first letter of a command word is significant (except for "wq"
- and "q!"). All command letters are accepted in either upper or
- lower case. Numeric arguments are specified using C syntax.
- Extra arguments are silently ignored.
- The commands are:
- ? Prints a command summary (help).
- 1 sys_id first last sys_name
- Set the partition table entry for part one, using:
- sys_id as its system ID code, first as the lowest num-
- bered cylinder it uses, last as the highest numbered
- cylinder it uses, and sys_name (optional) as the system
- name (in the menu name table).
- 2|3|4 sys-id first last sys-name
- Similar to 1 but sets partition two, three, or four,
- respectively.
- Release 1.3 Last change: Oct 1990 1
- PFDISK(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS PFDISK(8)
- A number
- Mark partition number as active (so it will be used for
- booting). If number is zero, no partition will be
- active.
- G cylinders heads sectors
- Inform pfdisk what the geometry of the device is.
- I Print a summary of the known ID codes.
- L List the partition table. See Output Format below.
- Q Quit without saving. If the memory copy of the parti-
- tion table was modified, a warning will be issued and
- the command ignored.
- Q! Quit, even if the memory copy of the partition table was
- not saved.
- R file-name
- Read boot sector from file-name (if given) otherwise
- read from device.
- W file-name
- Write boot sector to file-name. (if given) otherwise
- write to device.
- WQ Same as "write" followed by "quit".
- # This line is a comment (to be ignored).
- Output Format
- Here is a sample of the output from the L command:
- # Partition table on device: /dev/rdsk/0s0
- geometry 1222 15 34 (cyls heads sectors)
- # ID First(cyl) Last(cyl) Name # start, length (sectors)
- 1 4 0 127 MS-LOSS # 34, 65246
- 2 129 128 255 Minix # 65280, 65280
- 3 0 0 0 # 0, 0
- 4 99 256 1220 ESIX # 130560, 492150
- # note: last(4): phys=(1023,14,34) logical=(1220,14,34)
- active: 4
- This output format is carefully constructed so that it may be
- saved in a file (by redirecting standard output) and later used
- as input (by redirecting standard input). On a UNIX system, one
- can save this output using the command:
- Release 1.3 Last change: Oct 1990 2
- PFDISK(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS PFDISK(8)
- (echo L) | pfdisk device-name > save-file
- save-file is a complete record of the partition table. On a
- UNIX system, one could use save-file to re-initialize the parti-
- tion table using the command:
- (cat save-file ; echo wq) | pfdisk device-name
- Consistency of each partition table entry is checked while the
- table is listed. Any inconsistencies discovered are reported in
- a commentary note as shown above.
- Physical vs. Logical
- Each partition table entry has both "physical" and a "logical"
- fields. The physical fields specify the lowest and highest
- cylinder,head,sector combinations to be used in that partition.
- The logical start field has the total number of sectors which
- precede this partition, and the logical length field has the
- total number of sectors contained in this partition. These
- fields should be self consistent unless the disk has more than
- 1024 cylinders.
- The physical cylinder fields are only ten-bits wide so the con-
- tents are limited to 1023. The logical sector fields are 32 bits
- wide and always show the true logical beginning and length of
- the partition. Generally, the physical start field is used only
- to locate the secondary boot sector, and the logical start and
- length fields are used to actually delimit the partition used by
- a particular system.
- Partition Names
- The Name field in the partition table is treated specially if
- the bootmenu program is installed in the primary boot sector.
- (See the file bootmenu.doc for more information.) pfdisk can
- recognize the name table used by bootmenu and will show the
- actual names present in that name table. If any other boot pro-
- gram is used then the Name field reflects the result of a
- table-lookup of the system ID.
- If you provide a name when setting any partition entry, the
- boot-sector is marked as using a name table, so that on subse-
- quent uses of pfdisk you will see the partition names you have
- specified.
- Boot program replacement
- You can replace the boot program in your boot sector without
- affecting the partition table by using pfdisk as follows.
- First, (as always) save a copy of the current boot sector (on a
- Release 1.3 Last change: Oct 1990 3
- PFDISK(8) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS PFDISK(8)
- floppy) using the "W file" command. Then, use the "R file" com-
- mand to read the new boot program. If the boot program read in
- is less than 446 bytes long, the partition table will be
- unchanged.
- Unlike the DOS or UNIX fdisk programs, pfdisk has NO boot pro-
- gram compiled into its executable image. If you wish to use
- pfdisk to partition a newly formatted hard disk, you must have a
- boot program image available to read in using the "r file" com-
- mand. Two boot programs, "bootmenu.bin" and "bootauto.bin" are
- distributed with pfdisk and should be found with its source
- files. See the file bootmenu.doc for further information about
- these boot programs.
- AUTHOR
- Gordon W. Ross
- Release 1.3 Last change: Oct 1990 4