cdda2wav.1
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上传日期:2007-01-06
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- '" t
- ." @(#)cdda2wav.1 1.4 00/01/02 Copyright 1998,1999,2000 Heiko Eissfeldt
- .TH CDDA2WAV 1
- .SH NAME
- cdda2wav - a sampling utility that dumps CD audio data into wav sound
- files
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B cdda2wav
- .RB [ -c
- .IR chans ]
- .RB [ -s ]
- .RB [ -m ]
- .RB [ -b
- .IR bits ]
- .RB [ -r
- .IR rate ]
- .RB [ -a
- .IR divider ]
- .RB [ -t
- .IR track [ +endtrack ]]
- .RB [ -i
- .IR index ]
- .RB [ -o
- .IR offset ]
- .RB [ -d
- .IR duration ]
- .RB [ -x ]
- .RB [ -q ]
- .RB [ -w ]
- .RB [ -v ]
- .RB [ -V ]
- .RB [ -Q ]
- .RB [ -J ]
- .RB [ -R ]
- .RB [ -P
- .IR sectors ]
- .RB [ -F ]
- .RB [ -G ]
- .RB [ -T ]
- .RB [ -e ]
- .RB [ -p
- .IR percentage ]
- .RB [ -n
- .IR sectors ]
- .RB [ -l
- .IR buffers ]
- .RB [ -N ]
- .RB [ -J ]
- .RB [ -H ]
- .RB [ -g ]
- .RB [ -B ]
- .RB [ -D
- .IR device ]
- .RB [ -A
- .IR auxdevice ]
- .RB [ -I
- .IR interface ]
- .RB [ -O
- .IR audiotype ]
- .RB [ -C
- .IR input-endianess ]
- .RB [ -E
- .IR output-endianess ]
- .RB [ -M
- .IR count ]
- .RB [ -S
- .IR speed ]
- .RI [ audio.wav ]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .B cdda2wav
- can retrieve audio tracks from CDROM drives (see README for a list of drives) that are
- capable of reading audio data digitally to the host
- .RB ( CDDA ).
- Other drives may have been added as well when you read this.
- .SH OPTIONS
- .TP
- .BI -D " device --device"
- uses
- .B device
- as the source for CDDA reading:
- For example /dev/cdrom for the
- .B cooked_ioctl
- interface and Bus,ID,Lun for the
- .B generic_scsi
- interface. This has to correspond with the interface setting (see below).
- The setting of the environment variable
- .B CDDA_DEVICE
- is overridden by this option.
- .TP
- .BI -A " auxdevice --auxdevice"
- uses
- .B auxdevice
- as CDROM drive for ioctl usage.
- .TP
- .BI -I " interface --interface"
- specifies the interface for CDROM access:
- .B generic_scsi
- or (on Linux systems)
- .BR cooked_ioctl .
- .TP
- .BI -c " channels --channels"
- uses
- .B 1
- for mono, or
- .B 2
- for stereo recording,
- or
- .B s
- for stereo recording with both channels swapped.
- .TP
- .B -s " --stereo"
- sets to stereo recording.
- .TP
- .B -m " --mono"
- sets to mono recording.
- .TP
- .B -x " --max"
- sets maximum (CD) quality.
- .TP
- .BI -b " bits --bits-per-sample"
- sets bits per sample per channel:
- .BR 8 ,
- .B 12
- or
- .BR 16 .
- .TP
- .BI -r " rate --rate"
- sets rate in samples per second. Possible values are listed with the
- .B -R
- option.
- .TP
- .BI -a " divider --divider"
- sets rate to 44100Hz / divider. Possible values are listed with the
- .B -R
- option.
- .TP
- .B -R " --dump-rates"
- shows a list of all sample rates and their dividers.
- .TP
- .B -P " sectors --set-overlap"
- sets the initial number of overlap
- .I sectors
- for jitter correction.
- .TP
- .BI -n " sectors --sectors-per-request"
- reads
- .I sectors
- per request.
- .TP
- .BI -l " buffers --buffers-in-ring"
- uses a ring buffer with
- .I buffers
- total.
- .TP
- .BI -t " track+endtrack --track"
- selects the start track and optionally the end track.
- .TP
- .BI -i " index --index"
- selects the start index.
- .TP
- .BI -o " offset --offset"
- starts
- .I offset
- sectors behind start track (one sector equivalents 1/75 seconds).
- .TP
- .B -O " audiotype --output-format"
- can be
- .I wav
- (for wav files) or
- .I aiff
- (for apple/sgi aiff files) or
- .I aifc
- (for apple/sgi aifc files) or
- .I au
- or
- .I sun
- (for sun .au PCM files) or
- .I cdr
- or
- .I raw
- (for headerless files to be used for cd writers).
- .TP
- .BI -C " endianess --cdrom-endianess"
- sets endianess of the input samples to 'little', 'big' or 'guess' to override defaults.
- .TP
- .BI -E " endianess --output-endianess"
- sets endianess of the output samples to 'little' or 'big' to override defaults.
- .TP
- .BI -d " duration --duration"
- sets recording time in seconds or frames.
- Frames (sectors) are indicated by a 'f' suffix (like 75f for 75 sectors).
- .B 0
- sets the time for whole track.
- .TP
- .B -B " --bulk"
- copies each track into a seperate file.
- .TP
- .B -w " --wait"
- waits for signal, then start recording.
- .TP
- .B -F " --find-extremes"
- finds extrem amplitudes in samples.
- .TP
- .B -G " --find-mono"
- finds if input samples are in mono.
- .TP
- .B -T " --deemphasize"
- undo the effect of pre-emphasis in the input samples.
- .TP
- .B -e " --echo"
- copies audio data to sound device e.g.
- .BR /dev/dsp .
- .TP
- .B -p " percentage --set-pitch"
- changes pitch of audio data copied to sound device.
- .TP
- .B -v " level --verbose-level"
- prints verbose information about the CD.
- .B Level
- is a sum of powers of two in the range 0 up to 63. Each power of two controls the type of information to be reported.
- .TS H
- center box ;
- r| l|.
- .TH CDDA2WAV 1
- Power Description
- _
- 1 show table of contents
- 2 show a summary of the recording parameters
- 4 determine and display index offsets
- 8 retrieve and display the media catalog number MCN
- 16 retrieve and display all Intern. Standard Recording Codes ISRC
- 32 show the table of contents in start sector notation
- 64 show the table of contents with track titles (when available)
- .TE
- .TP
- .B -N " --no-write"
- does not write to a file, it just reads (for debugging purposes).
- .TP
- .B -J " --info-only"
- does not write to a file, it just gives information about the disc.
- .TP
- .B -H " --no-infofile"
- does not write an info file and a cddb file.
- .TP
- .B -g " --gui"
- formats the output to be better parsable by gui frontends.
- .TP
- .B -M " count --md5"
- enables calculation of MD-5 checksum for 'count' bytes from a beginning of a
- track.
- .TP
- .B -S " speed --speed-select"
- sets the cdrom device to one of the selectable speeds for reading.
- .TP
- .B -q " --quiet"
- quiet operation, no screen output.
- .TP
- .B -V " --verbose-SCSI"
- enable SCSI command logging to the console. This is mainly used for debugging.
- .TP
- .B -Q " --silent-SCSI"
- suppress SCSI command error reports to the console. This is mainly used for guis.
- .TP
- .B -J " --version"
- display version of cdda2wav on standard output.
- .TP
- Defaults depend on the
- .B Makefile
- and
- .B environment variable
- settings (currently
- .B CDDA_DEVICE
- ).
- .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
- .B CDDA_DEVICE
- is used to set the device name. The device naming is compatible with J鰎g
- Schilling's cdrecord package.
- .SH "DISCUSSION"
- .B cdda2wav
- is able to read parts of an
- .B audio
- CD or
- .B multimedia
- CDROM (containing audio parts) directly digitally. These parts can be
- written to a file, a pipe, or to a sound device.
- .PP
- .B cdda2wav
- stands for
- .B CDDA
- to
- .B WAV
- (where
- .B CDDA
- stands for compact disc digital audio and
- .B WAV
- is a sound sample format introduced by MS Windows). It
- allows copying
- .B CDDA
- audio data from the CDROM drive into a file on your ram-, hard-, floppy-
- or whatever-disk in
- .B WAV
- or other formats.
- .PP
- The latest versions try to get higher real-time scheduling priorities to ensure
- smooth (uninterrupted) operation. These priorities are available for super users
- and are higher than those of 'normal' processes. Thus delays are minimized.
- Please note that you need newer kernels and c libraries to take advantage of this feature.
- .PP
- If your CDROM (not yet for SCSI drives) is on device
- .B /dev/cdrom
- and it is loaded with an audio CD, you may simply invoke
- .B cdda2wav
- and it will create the sound file
- .B audio.wav
- recording the whole track beginning with track 1 in stereo at 16 bit at 44100
- Hz sample rate, if your file system has enough space free. Otherwise
- recording time will be limited. SCSI drives have to use different devices
- (see files
- .B README
- and
- .B README.INSTALL
- for details).
- .SH "HINTS ON OPTIONS"
- .IP "Options"
- Most of the options are used to control the format of the WAV file. In
- the following text all of them are described.
- .IP "Select Device"
- .BI -D " device"
- selects the CDROM drive device to be used.
- The specifier given should correspond to the selected interface (see below).
- .B CHANGE!
- For the cooked_ioctl interface this is the cdrom device descriptor as before.
- .B The SCSI devices used with the generic SCSI interface however are now
- .B addressed with their SCSI-Bus, SCSI-Id, and SCSI-Lun instead of the generic
- .B SCSI device descriptor!!!
- One example for a SCSI CDROM drive on bus 0 with SCSI ID 3 and lun 0 is -D0,3,0.
- .IP "Select Auxiliary device"
- .BI -A " auxdevice"
- is necessary for CD-Extra handling. For Non-SCSI-CDROM drives this is the
- same device as given by -D (see above). For SCSI-CDROM drives it is the
- CDROM drive (SCSI) device (i.e.
- .B /dev/sr0
- ) corresponding to the SCSI device (i.e.
- .B 0,3,0
- ). It has to match the device used for sampling.
- .IP "Select Interface"
- .BI -I " interface"
- selects the CDROM drive interface. For SCSI drives use generic_scsi
- (cooked_ioctl may not yet be available for all devices):
- .B generic_scsi
- and
- .BR cooked_ioctl .
- The first uses the generic SCSI interface, the latter uses the ioctl of
- the CDROM driver. The latter variant works only when the kernel driver supports
- .B CDDA
- reading. This entry has to match the selected CDROM device (see above).
- .IP "Enable echo to soundcard"
- .B -e
- copies audio data to the sound card while recording, so you hear it nearly
- simultaneously. The soundcard gets the same data that is recorded. This
- is time critical, so it works best with the
- .B -q
- option. To use
- .B cdda2wav
- as a pseudo CD player without recording in a file you could use
- .B "cdda2wav -q -e -t2 -d0 -N"
- to play the whole second track. This feature reduces the recording speed
- to at most onefold speed. You cannot make better recordings than your sound card
- can play (since the same data is used).
- .IP "Change pitch of echoed audio"
- .B "-p percentage"
- changes the pitch of all audio echoed to a sound card. Only the copy
- to the soundcard is affected, the recorded audio samples in a file
- remain the same.
- Normal pitch, which is the default, is given by 100%.
- Lower percentages correspond to lower pitches, i.e.
- -p 50 transposes the audio output one octave lower.
- See also the script
- .B pitchplay
- as an example. This option was contributed by Raul Sobon.
- .IP "Select mono or stereo recording"
- .B -m
- or
- .B "-c 1"
- selects mono recording (both stereo channels are mixed),
- .B -s
- or
- .B "-c 2"
- or
- .B "-c s"
- selects stereo recording (doubles file size). Parameter s
- will swap both sound channels.
- .IP "Select maximum quality"
- .B -x
- will set stereo, 16 bits per sample at 44.1 KHz (full CD quality). Note
- that other format options given later can change this setting.
- .IP "Select sample quality"
- .B "-b 8"
- specifies 8 bit (1 Byte) for each sample in each channel;
- .B "-b 12"
- specifies 12 bit (2 Byte) for each sample in each channel;
- .B "-b 16"
- specifies 16 bit (2 Byte) for each sample in each channel (Ensure that
- your sample player or sound card is capable of playing 12-bit or 16-bit
- samples). Selecting 12 or 16 bits doubles file size. 12-bit samples are
- aligned to 16-bit samples, so they waste some disk space.
- .IP "Select sample rate"
- .BI -r " samplerate"
- selects a sample rate.
- .I samplerate
- can be in a range between 44100 and 900. Option
- .B -R
- lists all available rates.
- .IP "Select sample rate divider"
- .BI -a " divider"
- selects a sample rate divider.
- .I divider
- can be minimally 1 and maximally 50.5 and everything between in steps of 0.5.
- Option
- .B -R
- lists all available rates.
- .IP
- To make the sound smoother at lower sampling rates,
- .B cdda2wav
- sums over
- .I n
- samples (where
- .I n
- is the specific dividend). So for 22050 Hertz output we have to sum over
- 2 samples, for 900 Hertz we have to sum over 49 samples. This cancels
- higher frequencies. Standard sector size of an audio CD (ignoring
- additional information) is 2352 Bytes. In order to finish summing
- for an output sample at sector boundaries the rates above have to be
- choosen. Arbitrary sampling rates in high quality would require some
- interpolation scheme, which needs much more sophisticated programming.
- .IP "List a table of all sampling rates"
- .BI -R
- shows a list of all sample rates and their dividers. Dividers can range
- from 1 to 50.5 in steps of 0.5.
- .IP "Select start track and optionally end track"
- .BI -t " n+m"
- selects
- .B n
- as the start track and optionally
- .B m
- as the last track of a range to be recorded.
- These tracks must be from the table of contents. This sets
- the track where recording begins. Recording can advance through the
- following tracks as well (limited by the optional end track or otherwise
- depending on recording time). Whether one file or different files are
- then created depends on the
- .B -B
- option (see below).
- .IP "Select start index"
- .BI -i " n"
- selects the index to start recording with. Indices other than 1 will
- invoke the index scanner, which will take some time to find the correct
- start position. An offset may be given additionally (see below).
- .IP "Set recording time"
- .B -d " n"
- sets recording time to
- .I n
- seconds or set recording time for whole track if
- .I n
- is zero. In order to specify the duration in frames (sectors) also, the
- argument can have an appended 'f'. Then the numerical argument is to be
- taken as frames (sectors) rather than seconds.
- Please note that if track ranges are being used they define the recording
- time as well thus overriding any
- .BR -d " option"
- specified times.
- .IP
- Recording time is defined as the time the generated sample will play (at
- the defined sample rate). Since it's related to the amount of generated
- samples, it's not the time of the sampling process itself (which can be
- less or more). It's neither strictly coupled with the time information on
- the audio CD (shown by your hifi CD player).
- Differences can occur by the usage of the
- .B -o
- option (see below). Notice that recording time will be shortened, unless
- enough disk space exists. Recording can be aborted at anytime by
- pressing the break character (signal SIGQUIT).
- .IP "Record a complete audio CD in one go in different files"
- .B -B
- copies each track into a seperate file. A base name can be given. File names
- have an appended track number and an extension corresponding to the audio
- format. To record all audio tracks of a CD, use a sufficient high duration
- (i.e. -d99999).
- .IP "Set start sector offset"
- .BI -o " sectors"
- increments start sector of the track by
- .IR sectors .
- By this option you are able to skip a certain amount at the beginning of
- a track so you can pick exactly the part you want. Each sector runs for 1/75
- seconds, so you have very fine control. If your offset is so high that
- it would not fit into the current track, a warning message is issued
- and the offset is ignored. Recording time is not reduced. (To skip
- introductory quiet passages automagically, use the
- .B -w
- option see below.)
- .IP "Wait for signal option"
- .B -w
- Turning on this option will suppress all silent output at startup,
- reducing possibly file size.
- .B cdda2wav
- will watch for any signal in the output signal and switches on writing
- to file.
- .IP "Find extrem samples"
- .B -F
- Turning on this option will display the most negative and the most positive
- sample value found during recording for both channels. This can be useful
- for readjusting the volume. The values shown are not reset at track
- boundaries, they cover the complete sampling process. They are taken from
- the original samples and have the same format (i.e. they are independent
- of the selected output format).
- .IP "Find if input samples are in mono"
- .B -G
- If this option is given, input samples for both channels will be compared. At
- the end of the program the result is printed. Differences in the channels
- indicate stereo, otherwise when both channels are equal it will indicate mono.
- .IP "Undo the pre-emphasis in the input samples"
- .B -T
- Some older audio CDs are recorded with a modified frequency response called
- pre-emphasis. This is found mostly in classical recordings. The correction
- can be seen in the flags of the Table Of Contents often. But there are
- recordings, that show this setting only in the subchannels. If you know you
- have a pre-emphasized recording and want cdda2wav to undo this, you have to
- specify this option. A reverse filtering is done before the samples are
- written into the audio file.
- .IP "Set audio format"
- .B -O " audiotype"
- can be
- .I wav
- (for wav files) or
- .I au
- or
- .I sun
- (for sun PCM files) or
- .I cdr
- or
- .I raw
- (for headerless files to be used for cd writers).
- All file samples are coded in linear pulse code modulation (as done
- in the audio compact disc format). This holds for all audio formats.
- Wav files are compatible to Wind*ws sound files, they have lsb,msb byte order
- as being used on the audio cd. The default filename extension is '.wav'.
- Sun type files are not like the older common logarithmically coded .au files,
- but instead as mentioned above linear PCM is used. The byte order is msb,lsb
- to be compatible. The default filename extension is '.au'.
- The AIFF and the newer variant AIFC from the Apple/SGI world store their samples
- in bigendian format (msb,lsb). In AIFC no compression is used.
- Finally the easiest 'format',
- the cdr aka raw format. It is done per default in msb,lsb byte order to satisfy
- the order wanted by most cd writers. Since there is no header information in this
- format, the sample parameters can only be identified by playing the samples
- on a soundcard or similiar. The default filename extension is '.cdr' or '.raw'.
- .IP "Select cdrom drive reading speed"
- .B -S " speed"
- allows to switch the cdrom drive to a certain level of speed in order to
- reduce read errors. The actual speed
- factor can generally be given completely freely, since there are often less
- settings than factors possible. Details depend very much on the cdrom drives.
- An argument of 0 for example is often the default speed of the drive,
- a value of 1 often selects single speed.
- .IP "Enable MD5 checksums"
- .B -M " count"
- enables calculation of MD-5 checksum for 'count' bytes from the beginning of a
- track. This was introduced for quick comparisons of tracks.
- .IP "Do linear or overlapping reading of sectors"
- .B -P " sectors"
- sets the given number of sectors for initial overlap sampling for jitter
- correction. Two cases are to be distinguished. For nonzero values,
- some sectors are read twice to enable cdda2wav's jitter correction.
- If an argument of zero is given, no overlap sampling will be used.
- .B NEWS!
- For nonzero overlap sectors cdda2wav dynamically adjusts the setting during
- sampling (like cdparanoia does).
- If no match can be found, cdda2wav retries the read with an increased overlap.
- If the amount of jitter is lower than the current overlapped samples, cdda2wav
- reduces the overlap setting, resulting in a higher reading speed.
- The argument given has to be lower than the total number of sectors per request
- (see option
- .I -n
- below).
- Cdda2wav will check this setting and issues a error message otherwise.
- The case of zero sectors is nice on low load situations or errorfree (perfect)
- cdrom drives and perfect (not scratched) audio cds.
- .IP "Set the transfer size"
- .B -n " sectors"
- will set the transfer size to the specified sectors per request.
- .IP "Set number of ring buffer elements"
- .B -l " buffers"
- will allocate the specified number of ring buffer elements.
- .IP "Set endianess of input samples"
- .B -C " endianess"
- will override the default settings of the input format.
- Endianess can be set explicitly to "little" or "big" or to the automatic
- endianess detection based on voting with "guess".
- .IP "Set endianess of output samples"
- .B -E " endianess"
- (endianess can be "little" or "big") will override the default settings
- of the output format.
- .IP "Verbose option"
- .B -v " level"
- prints more information. A binary mask allows selection of different
- information.
- .sp
- .B "0"
- keeps quiet
- .sp
- .B "1"
- displays the table of contents
- .sp
- .B "2"
- displays a summary of recording parameters
- .sp
- .B "4"
- invokes the index scanner and displays start positions of indices
- .sp
- .B "8"
- retrieves and displays a media catalog number
- .sp
- .B "16"
- retrieves and displays international standard recording codes
- .sp
- .B "32"
- displays track start positions in absolute sector notation
- .sp
- To combine several requests just add the numbers and give the sum as argument.
- .IP "The table of contents"
- The display will show the table of contents with number of tracks and
- total time (displayed in
- .IR mm : ss . hh
- format,
- .IR mm =minutes,
- .IR ss =seconds,
- .IR hh "=rounded 1/100 seconds)."
- The following list displays track number and track time for each entry.
- The summary gives a line per track describing the type of the track.
- .sp
- .ce 1
- .B "track preemphasis copypermitted tracktype chans"
- .sp
- The
- .B track
- column holds the track number.
- .B preemphasis
- shows if that track has been given a non linear frequency response.
- NOTE: You can undo this effect with the
- .B -T
- option.
- .B "copy-permitted"
- indicates if this track is allowed to copy.
- .B "tracktype"
- can be data or audio. On multimedia CDs (except hidden track CDs)
- both of them should be present.
- .B "channels"
- is defined for audio tracks only. There can be two or four channels.
- .IP "No file output"
- .B -N
- this debugging option switches off writing to a file.
- .IP "No infofile generation"
- .B -H
- this option switches off creation of an info file and a cddb file.
- .IP "Generation of simple output for gui frontends"
- .B -g
- this option switches on simple line formatting, which is needed to support
- gui frontends (like xcd-roast).
- .IP "Verbose SCSI logging"
- .B -V
- this option switches on logging of SCSI commands. This will produce
- a lot of output (when SCSI devices are being used),
- which is needed for debugging purposes. The format
- is the same as being used with the cdrecord package from J鰎g Schilling.
- I will not describe it here.
- .IP "Quiet option"
- .B -q
- suppresses all screen output except error messages.
- That reduces cpu time resources.
- .IP "Just show information option"
- .B -J
- does not write a file, it only prints information about the disc (depending
- on the
- .B -v
- option). This is just for information purposes.
- .SH "HINTS ON USAGE"
- Don't create samples you cannot read. First check your sample player
- software and sound card hardware. I experienced problems with very low
- sample rates (stereo <= 1575 Hz, mono <= 3675 Hz) when trying to play
- them with standard WAV players for sound blaster (maybe they are not
- legal in
- .B WAV
- format). Most CD-Writers insist on audio samples in a bigendian format.
- Now cdda2wav supports the
- .B -E " endianess"
- option to control the endianess of the written samples.
- .PP
- If your hardware is fast enough to run cdda2wav
- uninterrupted and your CD drive is one of the 'perfect' ones, you will
- gain speed when switching all overlap sampling off with
- the
- .B -P " 0"
- option. Further fine tuning can be done with the
- .B -n " sectors"
- option. You can specify how much sectors should be requested in one go.
- .PP
- Cdda2wav supports
- .B pipes
- now. Use a filename of
- .B -
- to let cdda2wav output its samples to standard output.
- .PP
- Conversion to other sound formats can be done using the
- .B sox
- program package (although the use of
- .B sox -x
- to change the byte order of samples should be no more necessary; see option
- .B -E
- to change the output byteorder).
- .PP
- If you really want to sample more than one track into
- different files in one run, this is currently possible with the
- .B -B
- option. When recording time exceeds the track limit a new file will
- be opened for the next track.
- .SH WARNING
- .B IMPORTANT:
- it is prohibited to sell copies of copyrighted material by noncopyright
- holders. This program may not be used to circumvent copyrights.
- The user acknowledges this constraint when using the software.
- .SH BUGS
- Performance may not be optimal on slower systems.
- .sp
- The index scanner may give timeouts.
- .sp
- The resampling (rate conversion code) uses polynomial interpolation, which
- is not optimal.
- .sp
- Cdda2wav should use threads.
- .sp
- When using jitter correction with ATAPI cdrom drives, track endings
- are not handled correctly.
- .SH ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- Thanks goto Project MODE (http://www.mode.net/) and Fraunhofer Institut f黵
- integrierte Schaltungen (FhG-IIS) (http://www.iis.fhg.de/) for financial
- support.
- Plextor Europe and Ricoh Japan provided cdrom disk drives and cd burners
- which helped a lot to develop this software.
- Rammi has helped a lot with the debugging and showed a lot of stamina when
- hearing 100 times the first 16 seconds of the first track of the Krupps CD.
- Paranoia patches contributed by Monty xiphmont@mit.edu.
- .SH AUTHOR
- Heiko Eissfeldt heiko@colossus.escape.de
- .SH DATE
- 25 Mar 1999