libcurl-multi.3
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- ." * $Id: libcurl-multi.3,v 1.20 2008-12-28 21:56:56 bagder Exp $
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- .TH libcurl-multi 3 "3 Feb 2007" "libcurl 7.16.0" "libcurl multi interface"
- .SH NAME
- libcurl-multi - how to use the multi interface
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- This is an overview on how to use the libcurl multi interface in your C
- programs. There are specific man pages for each function mentioned in
- here. There's also the fIlibcurl-tutorial(3)fP man page for a complete
- tutorial to programming with libcurl and the fIlibcurl-easy(3)fP man page
- for an overview of the libcurl easy interface.
- All functions in the multi interface are prefixed with curl_multi.
- .SH "OBJECTIVES"
- The multi interface offers several abilities that the easy interface doesn't.
- They are mainly:
- 1. Enable a "pull" interface. The application that uses libcurl decides where
- and when to ask libcurl to get/send data.
- 2. Enable multiple simultaneous transfers in the same thread without making it
- complicated for the application.
- 3. Enable the application to wait for action on its own file descriptors and
- curl's file descriptors simultaneous easily.
- .SH "ONE MULTI HANDLE MANY EASY HANDLES"
- To use the multi interface, you must first create a 'multi handle' with
- fIcurl_multi_init(3)fP. This handle is then used as input to all further
- curl_multi_* functions.
- Each single transfer is built up with an easy handle. You must create them,
- and setup the appropriate options for each easy handle, as outlined in the
- fIlibcurl(3)fP man page, using fIcurl_easy_setopt(3)fP.
- When the easy handle is setup for a transfer, then instead of using
- fIcurl_easy_perform(3)fP (as when using the easy interface for transfers),
- you should instead add the easy handle to the multi handle using
- fIcurl_multi_add_handle(3)fP. The multi handle is sometimes referred to as a
- 'multi stack' because of the fact that it may hold a large amount of easy
- handles.
- Should you change your mind, the easy handle is again removed from the multi
- stack using fIcurl_multi_remove_handle(3)fP. Once removed from the multi
- handle, you can again use other easy interface functions like
- fIcurl_easy_perform(3)fP on the handle or whatever you think is necessary.
- Adding the easy handle to the multi handle does not start the transfer.
- Remember that one of the main ideas with this interface is to let your
- application drive. You drive the transfers by invoking
- fIcurl_multi_perform(3)fP. libcurl will then transfer data if there is
- anything available to transfer. It'll use the callbacks and everything else
- you have setup in the individual easy handles. It'll transfer data on all
- current transfers in the multi stack that are ready to transfer anything. It
- may be all, it may be none.
- Your application can acquire knowledge from libcurl when it would like to get
- invoked to transfer data, so that you don't have to busy-loop and call that
- fIcurl_multi_perform(3)fP like crazy. fIcurl_multi_fdset(3)fP offers an
- interface using which you can extract fd_sets from libcurl to use in select()
- or poll() calls in order to get to know when the transfers in the multi stack
- might need attention. This also makes it very easy for your program to wait
- for input on your own private file descriptors at the same time or perhaps
- timeout every now and then, should you want that.
- A little note here about the return codes from the multi functions, and
- especially the fIcurl_multi_perform(3)fP: if you receive
- fICURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORMfP, this basically means that you should call
- fIcurl_multi_perform(3)fP again, before you select() on more actions. You
- don't have to do it immediately, but the return code means that libcurl may
- have more data available to return or that there may be more data to send off
- before it is "satisfied".
- fIcurl_multi_perform(3)fP stores the number of still running transfers in
- one of its input arguments, and by reading that you can figure out when all
- the transfers in the multi handles are done. 'done' does not mean
- successful. One or more of the transfers may have failed. Tracking when this
- number changes, you know when one or more transfers are done.
- To get information about completed transfers, to figure out success or not and
- similar, fIcurl_multi_info_read(3)fP should be called. It can return a
- message about a current or previous transfer. Repeated invokes of the function
- get more messages until the message queue is empty. The information you
- receive there includes an easy handle pointer which you may use to identify
- which easy handle the information regards.
- When a single transfer is completed, the easy handle is still left added to
- the multi stack. You need to first remove the easy handle with
- fIcurl_multi_remove_handle(3)fP and then close it with
- fIcurl_easy_cleanup(3)fP, or possibly set new options to it and add it again
- with fIcurl_multi_add_handle(3)fP to start another transfer.
- When all transfers in the multi stack are done, cleanup the multi handle with
- fIcurl_multi_cleanup(3)fP. Be careful and please note that you fBMUSTfP
- invoke separate fIcurl_easy_cleanup(3)fP calls on every single easy handle
- to clean them up properly.
- If you want to re-use an easy handle that was added to the multi handle for
- transfer, you must first remove it from the multi stack and then re-add it
- again (possibly after having altered some options at your own choice).
- .SH "MULTI_SOCKET"
- Since 7.16.0, the fIcurl_multi_socket(3)fP function offers a way for
- applications to not only avoid being forced to use select(), but it also
- offers a much more high-performance API that will make a significant difference
- for applications using large numbers of simultaneous connections.
- fIcurl_multi_socket(3)fP (and fIcurl_multi_socket_all(3)fP) is then used
- instead of fIcurl_multi_perform(3)fP.
- .SH "BLOCKING"
- A few areas in the code are still using blocking code, even when used from the
- multi interface. While we certainly want and intend for these to get fixed in
- the future, you should be aware of the following current restrictions:
- .nf
- - Name resolves on non-windows unless c-ares is used
- - GnuTLS SSL connections
- - Active FTP connections
- - HTTP proxy CONNECT operations
- - TFTP transfers
- - file:// transfers
- .fi