Pointer.h.svn-base
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- /*
- * OpenKore C++ Standard Library
- * Copyright (C) 2006 VCL
- *
- * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
- * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
- * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- * Lesser General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
- * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston,
- * MA 02110-1301 USA
- */
- #ifndef _OSL_POINTER_H_
- #define _OSL_POINTER_H_
- #include <typeinfo>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include "Object.h"
- #include "Exception.h"
- #include "Threading/Atomic.h"
- namespace OSL {
- /**
- * Thrown when a NULL Pointer class is unable to dereference itself.
- *
- * @class PointerException OSL/Pointer.h
- * @ingroup Base
- */
- class PointerException: public Exception {
- public:
- PointerException(const char *msg = NULL, int code = 0);
- };
- template <class T> class Pointer;
- namespace _Intern {
- /**
- * Class which contains metadata about a referee, such as
- * the reference count.
- */
- template <class T>
- class PointerSharedData {
- private:
- friend class Pointer<T>;
- /**
- * The reference count.
- * @invariant refcount >= 0
- */
- int refcount;
- /** Whether referee is an OSL::Object */
- bool isObject;
- /** The referee. */
- T *data;
- public:
- PointerSharedData() {
- refcount = 1;
- isObject = false;
- data = NULL;
- }
- };
- }
- /**
- * Thread-safe shared smart pointer.
- *
- * Smart pointers allow you to create multiple references to shared
- * data structures, and can perform automatic memory management.
- * See <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=C%2B%2B+smart+pointer">Google
- * search results on C++ smart pointers</a> for more information and tutorials.
- *
- * Normal pointers have to be managed manually:
- * @code
- * string *some_function() {
- * string *foo = new string("hello world");
- * string *bar = foo;
- * delete foo; // bar is now an invalid pointer!
- * return new string("hello world");
- * }
- *
- * void some_function_2() {
- * some_function(); // Memory leak!
- * }
- * @endcode
- *
- * With smart pointers, the referenced data only deleted automatically
- * when the last smart pointer is deleted:
- * @code
- * Pointer<string> some_function() {
- * Pointer<string> bar;
- * do {
- * Pointer<string> foo(string("hello world"));
- * bar = foo;
- * } while (0);
- * // foo is now deleted, but its string is not.
- * // bar is still a valid pointer.
- * return bar;
- * }
- *
- * void some_function2() {
- * some_function();
- * // bar is now automatically deleted. No memory leak!
- * }
- * @endcode
- *
- *
- * @section Usage
- * Smart pointers behave just like normal pointers. Instead of <tt>Foo *</tt>
- * you write <tt>Pointer<Foo></tt>.
- *
- * To create a smart pointer, use the following syntax:
- * @code
- * Pointer<Foo> bar(new Foo());
- * @endcode
- *
- * The following pointer operations are all valid, as smart pointers behave like
- * normal pointers:
- * @code
- * bar->hello();
- * (*bar).hello();
- * Foo *normal_pointer = bar;
- * @endcode
- *
- * If you want to force a smart pointer to dereference its data, set it to NULL:
- * @code
- * Pointer<Foo> bar(new Foo());
- * bar = NULL; // The Foo instance is now deleted.
- * @endcode
- *
- * If you try to dereference an empty smart pointer, it will throw PointerException&:
- * @code
- * Pointer<Foo> empty;
- * *empty; // PointerException& thrown!
- * @endcode
- *
- * On the other hand, the -> operator will return NULL if the smart pointer
- * is empty:
- * @code
- * Pointer<Foo> empty;
- * empty.operator->(); // NULL
- * (void *) empty; // NULL
- * empty->test(); // Crash!
- * @endcode
- *
- * @warning
- * Do NOT create an empty smart pointer by passing an empty parameter list to its
- * constructor! The following will not work:
- * @code
- * Pointer<Foo> p();
- * @endcode
- * while the following will:
- * @code
- * Pointer<Foo> p;
- * @endcode
- * This is due to weird C++ caveats.
- *
- *
- * @section object Special support for Object reference counting
- * Since Object provides manual reference counting support, Pointer provides
- * a way to automatically make use of that. Use createForObject() to create
- * a smart pointer to an Object. See createForObject() for more information,
- * examples and caveats.
- *
- *
- * @anchor Pointer-Caveats
- * @section Caveats
- * Don't create two smart pointers to the same data. Newly instantiated
- * smart pointers don't know about other smart pointers that reference
- * the same data. You may only copy existing smart pointers.
- *
- * So the following will result in memory corruption:
- * @code
- * do {
- * Foo *bar = new Foo();
- * Pointer<Foo> pointer1 = bar;
- * do {
- * Pointer<Foo> pointer2 = bar;
- * // pointer2 doesn't know pointer1 references bar.
- * } while (0);
- * // At this point, pointer2 is deleted, and bar is too.
- * // pointer1 is now an invalid pointer.
- * // You should have written this instead: pointer2 = pointer1
- * } while(0);
- * // Memory corruption!
- * @endcode
- *
- * The only exception is when you use smart pointers in combination with
- * Object reference counting. See createForObject() for more information.
- *
- * @class Pointer OSL/Pointer.h
- * @ingroup Base
- */
- template <class T>
- class Pointer {
- private:
- _Intern::PointerSharedData<T> *shared;
- Pointer(T *data, bool isObject) throw() {
- createReference(data, isObject);
- }
- void
- dereferenceCurrent() throw() {
- if (shared != NULL && Atomic::decrement(shared->refcount)) {
- if (shared->isObject) {
- reinterpret_cast<Object *>(shared->data)->unref();
- } else {
- delete shared->data;
- }
- delete shared;
- }
- }
- void
- createReference(T *data, bool isObject) throw() {
- if (data != NULL) {
- shared = new _Intern::PointerSharedData<T>();
- shared->isObject = isObject;
- if (isObject) {
- reinterpret_cast<Object *>(data)->ref();
- }
- shared->data = data;
- } else {
- shared = NULL;
- }
- }
- void
- createReference(const Pointer<T> &pointer) throw() {
- shared = pointer.shared;
- Atomic::increment(shared->refcount);
- }
- public:
- Pointer() throw() {
- createReference(NULL, false);
- }
- Pointer(T *data) throw() {
- createReference(data, false);
- }
- /**
- * Creates a smart pointer for the given Object. Unlike a normal
- * smart pointer, smart pointers created using this method use
- * the Object's own reference counting support.
- *
- * Each instance of a smart pointer created by this function will
- * increment the Obejct's reference count by 1, and will decrement
- * it by 1 when the smart pointer is deleted. This also means that
- * if the last smart pointer to this Object is deleted, the Object
- * won't be deleted - you have to unreference it one more time.
- *
- * This is best illustrated by an example. Normal smart pointers
- * work like this:
- * @code
- * Object *foo = new Object();
- * foo->ref();
- * // foo now has a reference count of 2.
- * do {
- * Pointer<Object> p(foo);
- * // foo still has a reference count of 2.
- * } while (0);
- * // foo is now deleted. The ref() call didn't prevent it from
- * // being deleted since the smart pointer calls 'delete foo'
- * @endcode
- *
- * A smart pointer created with this method works like this:
- * @code
- * Object *foo = new Object();
- * // foo has a reference count of 1.
- * do {
- * Pointer<Object> p = Pointer<Object>::createForObject(foo);
- * // foo now has a reference count of 2.
- * } while (0);
- * // p is deleted, so foo now has a reference count of 1.
- * // We unreference it 1 more time to really delete it:
- * foo->unref();
- * @endcode
- *
- * Thus, using this method also gives you the advantage of being able
- * to create multiple Pointer instances for Object objects without
- * problems (as documented by the @ref Pointer-Caveats "Caveats"
- * section).
- *
- * @section Caveats
- * There is only one caveat. The = operator doesn't know whether it's
- * been assigned an Object (due to limitations in C++).
- * For example:
- * @code
- * Object *foo = new Object();
- * do {
- * Pointer<Object> p;
- * p = foo; // <----------
- * } while (0);
- * // p doesn't know that foo is an Object. So it won't increase
- * // p's reference count. Therefore, foo is now deleted.
- * @endcode
- */
- static Pointer<T>
- createForObject(Object *data) throw() {
- return Pointer<T>(static_cast<T *>(data), true);
- }
- Pointer(const Pointer<T> &pointer) throw() {
- createReference(pointer);
- }
- virtual ~Pointer() throw() {
- dereferenceCurrent();
- }
- Pointer<T> &
- operator=(T *data) throw() {
- if (shared == NULL || data != shared->data) {
- dereferenceCurrent();
- createReference(data, false);
- }
- return *this;
- }
- Pointer<T> &
- operator=(const Pointer<T> &pointer) throw() {
- if (shared == NULL || pointer.shared->data != shared->data) {
- dereferenceCurrent();
- createReference(pointer);
- }
- return *this;
- }
- T& operator*() throw(PointerException) {
- if (shared != NULL && shared->data != NULL) {
- return *shared->data;
- } else {
- throw PointerException("Cannot dereference a NULL Pointer.");
- }
- }
- T* operator->() throw() {
- if (shared != NULL) {
- return shared->data;
- } else {
- return NULL;
- }
- }
- operator T * () throw() {
- if (shared != NULL) {
- return shared->data;
- } else {
- return NULL;
- }
- }
- operator T & () throw(PointerException) {
- if (shared != NULL) {
- return *shared->data;
- } else {
- throw PointerException("Cannot dereference a NULL Pointer.");
- }
- }
- };
- }
- #endif /* _OSL_POINTER_H_ */