serverStartup.txt
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- Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
- contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
- this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
- The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
- (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
- the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
- http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- limitations under the License.
- Tomcat 5 Startup Sequence
- Sequence 1. Start from Command Line
- Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
- What it does:
- a) Set up classloaders
- commonLoader (common)-> System Loader
- sharedLoader (shared)-> commonLoader -> System Loader
- catalinaLoader(server) -> commonLoader -> System Loader
- b) Load startup class (reflection)
- org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina
- setParentClassloader -> sharedLoader
- Thread.contextClassloader -> catalinaLoader
- c) Bootstrap.daemon.init() complete
-
- Sequence 2. Process command line argument (start, startd, stop, stopd)
- Class: org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap (assume command->start)
- What it does:
- a) Catalina.setAwait(true);
- b) Catalina.load()
- b1) initDirs() -> set properties like
- catalina.home
- catalina.base == catalina.home (most cases)
- b2) initNaming
- setProperty(javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
- org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory ->default)
- b3) createStartDigester()
- Configures a digester for the main server.xml elements like
- org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer (can change of course :)
- org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResources
- Stores naming resources in the J2EE JNDI tree
- org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener
- implements events for start/stop of major components
- org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService
- The single entry for a set of connectors,
- so that a container can listen to multiple connectors
- ie, single entry
- org.apache.coyote.tomcat5.CoyoteConnector
- Connectors to listen for incoming requests only
- It also adds the following rulesets to the digester
- NamingRuleSet
- EngineRuleSet
- HostRuleSet
- ContextRuleSet
- b4) Load the server.xml and parse it using the digester
- Parsing the server.xml using the digester is an automatic
- XML-object mapping tool, that will create the objects defined in server.xml
- Startup of the actual container has not started yet.
- b5) Assigns System.out and System.err to the SystemLogHandler class
- b6) Calls intialize on all components, this makes each object register itself with the
- JMX agent.
- During the process call the Connectors also initialize the adapters.
- The adapters are the components that do the request pre-processing.
- Typical adapters are HTTP1.1 (default if no protocol is specified,
- org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol)
- AJP1.3 for mod_jk etc.
- c) Catalina.start()
- c1) Starts the NamingContext and binds all JNDI references into it
- c2) Starts the services under <Server> which are:
- StandardService -> starts Engine (ContainerBase ->Logger,Loader,Realm,Cluster etc)
- c3) StandardHost (started by the service)
- Configures a ErrorReportValvem to do proper HTML output for different HTTP
- errors codes
- Starts the Valves in the pipeline (at least the ErrorReportValve)
- Configures the StandardHostValve,
- this valves ties the Webapp Class loader to the thread context
- it also finds the session for the request
- and invokes the context pipeline
- Starts the HostConfig component
- This component deploys all the webapps
- (webapps & conf/Catalina/localhost/*.xml)
- Webapps are installed using the deployer (StandardHostDeployer)
- The deployer will create a Digester for your context, this digester
- will then invoke ContextConfig.start()
- The ContextConfig.start() will process the default web.xml (conf/web.xml)
- and then process the applications web.xml (WEB-INF/web.xml)
-
- c4) During the lifetime of the container (StandardEngine) there is a background thread that
- keeps checking if the context has changed. If a context changes (timestamp of war file,
- context xml file, web.xml) then a reload is issued (stop/remove/deploy/start)
-
- d) Tomcat receives a request on an HTTP port
- d1) The request is received by a separate thread which is waiting in the PoolTcpEndPoint
- class. It is waiting for a request in a regular ServerSocket.accept() method.
- When a request is received, this thread wakes up.
- d2) The PoolTcpEndPoint assigns the a TcpConnection to handle the request.
- It also supplies a JMX object name to the catalina container (not used I believe)
- d3) The processor to handle the request in this case is Coyote Http11Processor,
- and the process method is invoked.
- This same processor is also continuing to check the input stream of the socket
- until the keep alive point is reached or the connection is disconnected.
- d4) The HTTP request is parsed using an internal buffer class (Coyote Http11 Internal Buffer)
- The buffer class parses the request line, the headers, etc and store the result in a
- Coyote request (not an HTTP request) This request contains all the HTTP info, such
- as servername, port, scheme, etc.
- d5) The processor contains a reference to an Adapter, in this case it is the
- Coyote Tomcat 5 Adapter. Once the request has been parsed, the Http11 processor
- invokes service() on the adapter. In the service method, the Request contains a
- CoyoteRequest and CoyoteRespons (null for the first time)
- The CoyoteRequest(Response) implements HttpRequest(Response) and HttpServletRequest(Response)
- The adapter parses and associates everything with the request, cookies, the context through a
- Mapper, etc
- d6) When the parsing is finished, the CoyoteAdapter invokes its container (StandardEngine)
- and invokes the invoke(request,response) method.
- This initiates the HTTP request into the Catalina container starting at the engine level
- d7) The StandardEngine.invoke() simply invokes the container pipeline.invoke()
- d8) By default the engine only has one valve the StandardEngineValve, this valve simply
- invokes the invoke() method on the Host pipeline (StandardHost.getPipeLine())
- d9) the StandardHost has two valves by default, the StandardHostValve and the ErrorReportValve
- d10) The standard host valve associates the correct class loader with the current thread
- It also retrives the Manager and the session associated with the request (if there is one)
- If there is a session access() is called to keep the session alive
- d11) After that the StandardHostValve invokes the pipeline on the context associated
- with the request.
- d12) The first valve that gets invoked by the Context pipeline is the FormAuthenticator
- valve. Then the StandardContextValve gets invoke.
- The StandardContextValve invokes any context listeners associated with the context.
- Next it invokes the pipeline on the Wrapper component (StandardWrapperValve)
- d13) During the invokation of the StandardWrapperValve, the JSP wrapper (Jasper) gets invoked
- This results in the actual compilation of the JSP.
- And then invokes the actual servlet.
- e) Invokation of the servlet class
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