FAQ_Linux
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- =======================================================
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for PostgreSQL >= V6.1
- Linux Specific
- TO BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE NORMAL FAQ
- =======================================================
- last updated: Fri Jun 19 13:35:00 BST 1998
- current maintainer: Andrew C.R. Martin (martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
- original author: Andrew C.R. Martin (martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk)
- Changes in this version (* = modified, + = new, - = removed):
- +1.23) Why does the compile fail with messages about F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT
- and F_BYTEAIN being undeclared?
- This file is divided approximately as follows:
- 1.*) Installing PostgreSQL
- 2.*) Compiling accessory programs
- 3.*) Runtime Problems
- Questions answered:
- 1.1) What changes do I need to make to src/Makefile.global or
- src/Makefile.custom and are there any other changes needed?
- 1.2) Why do I get problems with missing libreadline?
- 1.3) [REDHAT] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
- 1.4) [SLACKWARE 3.1] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
- 1.5) My compile of the backend dies complaining about the include file
- dlfcn.h missing
- 1.6) GCC complains about an ignored option -fpic
- 1.7) I get warnings of the form
- warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size
- 1.8) [SuSE-Linux 4.2-4.4] Where is curses and termcap?
- 1.9) Why do I get problems with ld.so?
- 1.10) Why do I get `yy_flush_buffer undefined' errors?
- 1.11) How do I compile PostgreSQL on an a.out system?
- 1.12) Why does make fail with:
- yacc -d /disk2/PostgreSQL/src/backend/parser/gram.y
- make: /usr/bin/make: cannot execute binary file
- 1.13) What are the references in X11_LIB to libsocket and libnsl in
- src/Makefile.global?
- 1.14) [DEBIAN] Where is libtermcap?
- 1.15) [REDHAT] Can I get PostgreSQL as an RPM?
- 1.16) While trying to compile a development version under Linux, compilation
- fails with a message like:
- In file included from /usr/include/sys/sem.h:8,
- from ipc.c:37:
- /usr/include/asm/bitops.h:32: warning: no previous prototype for Set_bi
- t'
- ....
- make: *** [ipc.o] Error 1
- 1.17) When compiling postgres, gcc reports signal 11 and aborts.
- 1.18) Can I install 6.1.1 under MkLinux?
- 1.19) Why does make exit or crash?
- 1.20) How can I optimise for 486 or pentium processors
- 1.21) Why do I get strange results with printing times (for example
- in the regression test 'timespan')?
- 1.22) Why don't I get any shared libraries for libpq when I compile
- 6.3.2?
- 1.23) Why does the compile fail with messages about F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT
- and F_BYTEAIN being undeclared?
- 2.1) The linker fails to find libX11 when compiling pgtclsh
- 3.1) I get an error reporting _fUnKy_POSTPORT_sTuFf_ undefined when
- running scripts like createuser
- 3.2) I run postmaster and after that system says 'Bad system call(Core
- dumped)'
- 3.3) When I try to start the Postmaster, why do I get an error of the form
- Failed Assertion("!(file != 0):(null)", File:
- "/usr/local/PostgreSQL/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c", Line: 257)
- !(file != 0) (0)
- initdb: could not create template database
- initdb: cleaning up.
- 3.4) Why doesn't createuser work?
- 3.5) Why do I get an error like:
- IpcMemoryCreate: memKey=155356396 , size=760632 ,
- permission=384IpcMemoryCreate: shmget(..., create, ...)
- failed: Invalid argument
- 3.6) Why does psql fail with:
- psql: can't load library 'libpq.so.1'
- 3.7) Other strange behaviour
- 3.8) When PostgreSQL is running when the system is shutdown, Linux
- always fsck's the disk when rebooted.
- 3.9) Why does Query 32 in the regression tests take so long?
- 3.10) Why do I get funny rounding results in some date/time arithmetic,
- such as
- select '4 hours'::timespan;
- returning '3 hours 59 minutes 60 seconds'?
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Section 1: Compiling PostgreSQL
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1.1) What changes do I need to make to src/Makefile.global or
- src/Makefile.custom and are there any other changes needed?
- Changes to the makefiles are most easily made by running the
- customize shell script in the src directory which will write a
- Makefile.custom for you.
- The only other change you may have to make is to replace
- Flex if you have version 2.5.3 which has a bug which generally
- manifests itself as createuser failing (See Question 3.4)
- If you modify the makefiles by hand, you *must* set the
- following variable:
- PORTNAME= linux
- You will also need to change the following to match your own
- installation:
- POSTGRESDIR
- If you switch on the USE_TCL option, you will need to set these:
- TCL_INCDIR=
- TCL_LIBDIR=
- TCL_LIB=
- TK_INCDIR=
- TK_LIBDIR=
- TK_LIB=
- X11_INCDIR=
- X11_LIBDIR=
- X11_LIB=
- On my Slackware3.0 system, these are:
- TCL_INCDIR= /usr/include/tcl
- TCL_LIBDIR= /usr/lib
- TCL_LIB= -ltcl
- TK_INCDIR= /usr/include/tcl
- TK_LIBDIR= /usr/lib
- TK_LIB= -ltk
- X11_INCDIR= /usr/include/X11
- X11_LIBDIR= /usr/X386/lib
- X11_LIB= -lX11
- You may also make any other changes you need as documented in
- the INSTALL file and in Makefile.global
- 1.2) Why do I get problems with missing libreadline?
- Linux systems generally don't come with the GNU readline library
- installed. Either ensure you do not activate the readline options
- in src/Makefile.global or src/Makefile.custom or install the GNU
- readline library.
- Note that Debian Linux (like FreeBSD) does come with readline
- installed.
- 1.3) [REDHAT] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
- This manifests itself as being unable to link with functions
- such as dlopen(), dlclose(), etc. during the last phase of the
- compilation.
- The libdl library is used for dynamic linking of user-supplied
- functions at run-time. For some reason this library was missed out
- from the Redhat distribution. It seems that the latest Redhat 4.0
- (Colgate) fixes this.
- RedHat now have a new ld.so RPM package on their FTP site.
- Simply grab:
- ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/devel/i386/RedHat/RPMS/ld.so-1.
- 7.14-4.i386.rpm
- Install the RPM file in the usual way and off you go!
- NOTE! You will have to re-run configure and do a make clean
- after installing the library and before recompiling.
- There has been one report of a corrupted system resulting from
- programs accessing these libraries while updating them (not
- altogether surprising). Consequently it is a good idea to reboot
- the system before installing the new libraries and to
- have as little running as possible during this upgrade. Going
- into single-user mode is probably a good idea!
- If you want to do it the hard way, you can obtain the library and the
- header file from:
- ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/GCC/ld.so-1.7.14.tar.gz
- Alternatively, you may find precompiled binaries in
- distributions/debian/buzz/binary-i386/base/ld.so-1.7.14-4.deb
- on the same site, or follow the instructions given for question 1.2 for
- correcting the same error with early releases of Slackware 3.1.
- Don't use this method unless you know what you are doing!
- 1.4) [SLACKWARE 3.1] Why do I get problems with missing libdl and dlfcn.h?
- This manifests itself as being unable to link with functions
- such as dlopen(), dlclose(), etc. during the last phase of the
- compilation.
- See the answer to question 1.3. Slackware up to version 3.0 was
- supplied with this library and include file and they seem to be
- back in again in the latest versions of 3.1, but the early 3.1
- releases (before 9th September 1996) had them missing and many
- CD-ROM versions will have been pressed from the first 3.1 releases.
- There has been one report of a corrupted system resulting from
- programs accessing these libraries while updating them (not
- altogether surprising). Consequently it is a good idea to reboot
- the system before installing the new libraries and to
- have as little running as possible during this upgrade. Going
- into single-user mode is probably a good idea!
- The easiest fix is to obtain the file ldso.tgz from the a4 disk of
- a more recent Slackware distribution and unpack this file
- from the root (/) directory, then do
- sh install/doinst.sh
- to complete the installation. Follow this with
- ldconfig
- NOTE! You will have to re-run configure and do a make clean
- after installing the library and before recompiling.
- If you want to install manually, you must first install the file
- dlfcn.h in /usr/include.
- Second, install the file libdl.so.1.7.14 (or whatever the latest
- release is) in /lib, then do:
- cd /lib
- ln -sf libdl.so.1.7.14 libdl.so.1
- ln -sf libdl.so.1 libdl.so
- On some systems (depending on your GCC configuration) it may be
- necessary to do:
- cd /usr/lib
- ln -sf /lib/libdl.so .
- Finally
- ldconfig
- NOTE! You will have to re-run configure and do a make clean
- after installing the library and before recompiling.
- 1.5) My compile of the backend dies complaining about the include file
- dlfcn.h missing
- See the answer to question 1.3/1.4. Don't forget that if you are using
- an a.out system you must first have installed the dld package
- (which is not supplied with most a.out systems) to have dlfcn.h
- at all. See Question 1.11.
- 1.6) GCC complains about an ignored option -fpic
- Earlier versions of GCC accepted either -fpic or -fPIC.
- It appears that more recent versions (V2.7.2?) require -fPIC.
- If you are using an ELF version of Linux, this can safely be
- ignored as -fPIC is the default.
- You can correct this by editing src/Makefile.global and
- changing CFLAGS_SL
- 1.7) I get warnings of the form
- warning: cast from pointer to integer of different size
- These were seen in earlier versions of Postgres95 and could
- safely be ignored. PostgreSQL V6.0 should compile with no warnings
- except those related to system header files (which can also
- be safely ignored).
- 1.8) [SuSE-Linux 4.2-4.4] Where is curses and termcap?
- SuSE-Linux 4.2 has ncurses but not curses. 4.4 appears to have both.
- SuSE-Linux also has the termcap library is in /usr/lib/termcap
- instead of in /usr/lib.
- PostgreSQL (up to V6.0)
- -----------------------
- Set the value of CURSES_LIB in src/Makefile.custom to -lncurses
- (or do this through the customize script).
- Add the following line to src/Makefile.custom:
- LDADD_BE+= -L/usr/lib/termcap
- You may need to edit src/bin/psql/Makefile and change:
- ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
- LD_ADD+=
- to:
- ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
- LD_ADD+= -ltermcap
- PostgreSQL (V6.1)
- -----------------
- The configure script doesn't know to look in /usr/lib/termcap for
- the termcap library, so you should specify this as one of the
- library directories when asked for additional directories to
- search.
- If this doesn't work (I don't have SuSE to verify that it does)
- then after running configure, you need to edit
- src/Makefile.global and add -ltermcap to the LDFLAGS line
- (after -lreadline). (Alternatively, you can modify
- src/Makefile.custom before running configure.)
- Some versions of SuSE provide only ncurses, so you may need
- to force use of ncurses rather than curses by changing
- -lcurses to -lncurses. (Reported true for SuSE 5.1)
- 1.9) Why do I get problems with ld.so?
- If you get problems with ld.so, another library required under
- ELF for dynamic loading, then you have messed up your installation
- or (more likely) upgrade of Linux.
- See the answers to Question 1.3/1.4. You may need to install
- ld.so.x.y.z in /lib and run ldconfig.
- The most recent stable release of the ld package is 1.7.14
- At the time of writing, 1.8.x versions of ld are experimental.
- 1.10) Why do I get `yy_flush_buffer undefined' errors?
- This isn't really Linux specific, but is common on older Linux
- installations. You must have a recent version of flex (2.5.2 or later)
- to compile PostgreSQL. Note that flex 2.5.3 has a bug: see
- Question 3.4.
- 1.11) How do I compile PostgreSQL on an a.out system?
- First, you must install the dld library. This may be obtained
- from Sunsite as:
- Linux/libs/dld.3.2.7.tar.gz
- (ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/dld.3.2.7.tar.gz)
- Second, add the following line to src/Makefile.custom:
- LINUX_ELF=
- (or use the customize script)
- 1.12) Why does make fail with:
- yacc -d /disk2/PostgreSQL/src/backend/parser/gram.y
- make: /usr/bin/make: cannot execute binary file
- This was a problem in earlier versions of Postgres95. The default
- for PostgreSQL is to use bison -y rather than yacc.
- yacc is generally implemented as a script which invokes bison -y
- For some reason (certain versions of make? certain versions of
- bash?) make is unable to execute this script file.
- To correct this, simply edit src/mk/port/postgres.mk.linux
- and, at the end of the file, change:
- # YACC = bison -y
- to
- YACC = bison -y
- 1.13) What are the references in X11_LIB to libsocket and libnsl in
- src/Makefile.global?
- This was a problem in 1.08 (they are Sun Solaris specific).
- It is fixed in 1.09 and 6.0
- 1.14) [DEBIAN] Where is libtermcap?
- Debian Linux comes without the termcap library and uses ncurses
- (which uses terminfo instead). There is no need to change the
- CURSES_LIB variable in src/bin/psql/Makefile since Debian provides
- a link from libncurses to libcurses (unlike SuSE-Linux --- see
- Question 1.8).
- You may need to edit src/bin/psql/Makefile and comment out the
- change:
- ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
- LD_ADD+= -ltermcap
- to:
- ifeq ($(PORTNAME), linux)
- LD_ADD+=
- 1.15) [REDHAT] Can I get PostgreSQL as an RPM?
- Yes! Michal Mosiewicz
- (http://www.pdi.lodz.pl/~mimo) has kindly put together an RPM
- for PostgreSQL V6.0 on Intel architectures which he has uploaded to
- ftp://ftp.redhat.org/pub/Incoming/Postgres-6.0-1.i386.rpm
- This is a pre-compiled version, the source RPM is on its
- was as I write (3rd Feb 1997).
- 1.16) While trying to compile a development version under Linux, compilation
- fails with a message like:
- In file included from /usr/include/sys/sem.h:8,
- from ipc.c:37:
- /usr/include/asm/bitops.h:32: warning: no previous prototype for Set_bi
- t'
- ....
- make: *** [ipc.o] Error 1
- The problem is that Linux provides no prototypes for these
- inline functions. The solution is to go into the
- .../src/backend/storage/ipc directory and edit the Makefile.
- Change the line
- CFLAGS+=$(INCLUDE_OPT)
- to
- CFLAGS+=$(INCLUDE_OPT) -Wno-error
- Do the same in the ../src/backend/storage/lmgr directory.
- 1.17) When compiling postgres, gcc reports signal 11 and aborts.
- More specifically:
- gcc: Internal compiler error: program cc1 got fatal
- signal 11
- This may be a hardware/memory problem. PortgreSQL is a big
- program, and large gcc compilations (such as building
- PostgreSQL or bebuilding the kernel) stress memory like
- few other programs, resulting in errors that do not occur
- in normal operation. Lesser operating systems are also
- unlikely to stress the hardware to this degree so you
- may never see any problems under DOS/Windows.
- More information on this problem at:
- http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11
- From this Sig11 FAQ, there appears to be a specific problem
- with Redhat 5.0 gcc running on Cyrix processors. See the
- URL above for more details!
- 1.18) Can I install 6.1.1 under MkLinux?
- Tatsuo Ishii has done this under
- MkLinux DR2.1 update2 after a small patch available from:
- ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/cmd/postgres/6.1.1/mklinux.patch.gz
- 1.19) Why does make exit or crash?
- There have been a couple of reports of gmake either just
- exiting early or seg faulting. The latter problem was reported
- with gmake 3.74 - upgrading to 3.76.1 solved the problem.
- However, 3.74 is known to work fine in other people's setups.
- In short, try upgrading gmake to the latest version you can
- find before reporting this as a problem
- 1.20) How can I optimise for 486 or pentium processors
- The default compiler flags perform no optimisation for 486
- or Pentium processors. To add such optimisation, edit
- Makefile.custom and add:
- CFLAGS+= -m486
- or (for the new compilers that most people are not yet running)
- CFLAGS+= -mpentium
- or
- CFLAGS+= -mpentiumpro
- 1.21) Why do I get strange results with printing times (for example
- in the regression test 'timespan')?
- The times are appearing as: '4 hours 59 mins 60.00 secs'
- instead of '5 hours'
- This is a problem with the glibc2 library which comes with
- Redhat 5.0. Update your glibc to the latest RedHat version
- for v5.0/hurricane. Anything prior to glibc-2.0.7 is likely
- to have the problem.
- 1.22) Why don't I get any shared libraries for libpq when I compile
- 6.3.2?
- There was some last minute breakage of the Linux configuration for
- v6.3.2. Look in ftp://postgresql.org/pub/patches/ for a few fix-ups,
- including a linux_elf patch.
- 1.23) Why does the compile fail with messages about F_BOOLIN, F_BOOLOUT
- and F_BYTEAIN being undeclared?
- The actual messages are something like:
- -I/usr/include/readline -O2 -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -I..
- -Wno-error -c bootstrap.c -o bootstrap.o
- bootstrap.c:160: `F_BOOLIN' undeclared here (not in a function)
- bootstrap.c:160: initializer element for `Procid[0].inproc' is not
- constant
- bootstrap.c:160: `F_BOOLOUT' undeclared here (not in a function)
- bootstrap.c:160: initializer element for `Procid[0].outproc' is not
- constant
- bootstrap.c:161: `F_BYTEAIN' undeclared here (not in a function)
- bootstrap.c:161: initializer element for `Procid[1].inproc' is not
- constant
- This is tricky unless you know why it happens, as these constants
- don't seem to be defined anywhere.
- The solution is to make sure that cpp is included in your path
- before you start the make.
- On Redhat 5.1, cpp is in /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/2.7.2.3
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Section 2: Compiling accessory programs
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 2.1) The linker fails to find libX11 when compiling pgtclsh
- Add the following to src/Makefile.custom
- X11_LIBDIR = /usr/X11R6/lib
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Section 3: Runtime Problems
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- 3.1) I get an error reporting _fUnKy_POSTPORT_sTuFf_ undefined when
- running scripts like createuser
- This is a bug in V1.06-V1.07 of Postgres and is fixed in V1.08
- and above.
- 3.2) I run postmaster and after that system says 'Bad system call(Core
- dumped)'
- This indicates that you have not compiled shared memory support
- into your kernel. You need to recompile the Linux kernel to add this
- feature.
- 3.3) When I try to start the Postmaster, why do I get an error of the form
- Failed Assertion("!(file != 0):(null)", File:
- "/usr/local/PostgreSQL/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c", Line: 257)
- !(file != 0) (0)
- initdb: could not create template database
- initdb: cleaning up.
- Your permissions on the file /dev/null are wrong.
- ls -l /dev/null should give you something like:
- crw-rw-rw- 1 root wheel 2, 2 Oct 8 18:41 /dev/null
- Correct the permissions using:
- chmod a+rw /dev/null
- 3.4) Why doesn't createuser work?
- There is a problem with Version 2.5.3 of GNU flex and createuser.
- Your options are to downgrade flex to V2.5.2, upgrade to V2.5.4
- or apply a patch to V2.5.3 which is supplied in doc/README.flex
- You may obtain V2.5.4 from
- ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/flex-2.5.4.tar.gz
- 3.5) Why do I get an error like:
- IpcMemoryCreate: memKey=155356396 , size=760632 ,
- permission=384IpcMemoryCreate: shmget(..., create, ...)
- failed: Invalid argument
- You haven't build IPC support into your Linux kernel. You
- will have to rebuild the kernel and switch on this option.
- 3.6) Why does psql fail with:
- psql: can't load library 'libpq.so.1'
- Psql has been compiled to link dynamically with the libpq
- library.
- To solve this, you should log in as root and edit the file
- /etc/ld.so.conf
- Add a single line at the end which gives the name of the
- PostgreSQL library directory (the lib subdirectory of your
- PostgreSQL installation) and run
- /sbin/ldconfig -v
- Alternatively, (and if you don't have root access), you may
- use the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.
- The LD_LIBRARY_PATH variable contains a colon separated list of
- paths to be searched for shared libraries. This list is
- searched before the libraries specified by ldconfig.
- Therefore under Bash, you would do something like:
- export LD_LIBRARY_PATH='PathToPGSQL'/lib
- or, using tcsh
- setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH 'PathToPGSQL'/lib
- replacing 'PathToPGSQL' with the appropriate path to your top level
- PostgreSQL directory
- Note that the ldd command can be used on a dynamically linked
- executable to list the paths to all the shared libraries upon
- which the executable depends.
- 3.7) Other strange behaviour
- I'm not sure what the symptoms might be except for nothing
- working properly, but it has been pointed out that one needs
- to be careful that the dynamic loader loads the correct version
- of the libpq library. If you have old versions lying around
- in your library path (for example in /usr/lib) these may get
- loaded instead of the new version you intended to load. Make
- sure you get them out of the way and look at Q3.6 for
- details of loading libraries.
- 3.8) When PostgreSQL is running when the system is shutdown, Linux
- always fsck's the disk when rebooted.
- There have been some reports of this happening and it seems
- to be a result of running PostgreSQL from /etc/inittab as
- suggested in the INSTALL document.
- You are therefore recommended to start the postmaster from an
- rc script. Under a Slackware-like release, you would modify
- /etc/rc.d/rc.local to start the postmaster. Under a RedHat-like
- release you should create a SysV style script in
- /etc/rc.d/rc3.d based on the /etc/rc.d/init.d skeleton file.
- There's a sample file in contrib/linux/postgres.init
- Here's another sample file supplied by John Robinson
- which you should modify as needed:
- #!/bin/sh
- #
- # postgreSQL.init This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
- # the PostgreSQL postmaster.
- #
- # Source function library.
- . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
- # Source networking configuration.
- . /etc/sysconfig/network
- # Check that networking is up.
- [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
- # See how we were called.
- case "$1" in
- start)
- # Start daemons.
- echo -n "Starting postgres Postmaster daemon:"
- if [ -z "`pidofproc postmaster`" ]
- then
- su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D /home/postgr
- eSQL/data -p 5432 &"
- echo -n " postmaster"
- else
- echo -n " (already running)"
- fi
- echo
- touch /var/lock/subsys/postgres
- ;;
- stop)
- # Stop daemons.
- echo -n "Shutting down postgres Postmaster daemon: "
- killall -TERM postmaster 2>/dev/null
- killall -TERM postgres 2>/dev/null
- echo
- rm -f /var/lock/subsys/postgres
- ;;
- *)
- echo "Usage: postgres {start|stop}"
- exit 1
- esac
- exit 0
- 3.9) Why does Query 32 in the regression tests take so long?
- This is due to a bug in regression scripts which only happens
- on linux boxes. There are two workarounds as far as I know
- (information from Tatsuo Ishii ):
- 1. change following in regress.sh:
- time postgres -texecutor -tplanner -Q bench < bench.sql
- to:
- postgres -texecutor -tplanner -Q bench < bench.sql
- 2. after running the test, remove a line at the very end of
- bench.out something like:
- 85.86user 114.47system 4:49.20elapsed 69%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata
- 0maxresident)k
- then type:
- sh ./perquery < bench.out > & bench.out.perquery
- 3.10) Why do I get funny rounding results in some date/time arithmetic,
- such as
- select '4 hours'::timespan;
- returning '3 hours 59 minutes 60 seconds'?
- You are running the new glibc2 libraries and have a version earlier tha
- n
- 2.0.7. It is a math rounding problem in the library. Upgrade your libra
- ry.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Dr. Andrew C.R. Martin University College London
- EMAIL: (Work) martin@biochem.ucl.ac.uk (Home) andrew@stagleys.demon.co.uk
- URL: http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/~martin
- Tel: (Work) +44(0)171 419 3890 (Home) +44(0)1372 275775