intf-vcd.txt
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- This file documents the ``Extended'' VLC Video CD Plugin
- Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 Rocky Bernstein (rocky@panix.com)
- Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
- under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
- any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
- Invariant Sections being ``Free Software'' and ``Free Software Needs
- Free Documentation'', with the Front-Cover Texts being ``A GNU Manual,''
- and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.
- (a) The Free Software Foundation's Back-Cover Text is: ``You have
- freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copies
- published by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNU
- development.''
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Quick start
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- The newer Video CD plugin (using libcdio and vcdimager) has some
- navigation and playback capabilities. However full integration with
- into vlc is a bit lacking and will probably take some a bit of work
- and time.
- Although, this plugin replaces the older VCD plugin, the old plugin is
- still built and installed and used when the newer plugin is not found.
- This document describes only the newer VCD plugin.
- The next section is a general overview of Video CD's in general. If
- you are in a hurry to find out how to use this plugin or know this
- already, this section can be skipped.
- After that we describe the terms and concepts used in the remainder
- Again, in a hurry, this section can be skipped or skimmed. If you come
- across a term like "segment," or "lid" that confuses you, look in
- this section.
- The next section describes the MRL format that this plugin uses. If
- you want to know how to control where to start playing, read this.
- Even if you are familiar with vlc MRL's, you probably want to look
- at this section. Some of the units in a VCD are a little different
- than those in a DVD or audio CD.
- The next section gives key bindings that are used by this
- plugin. Again to be able to control the plugin, especially for
- playback control, you may need to read this section.
- The next section describes the configuration parameters you can set
- for the plugin. Most of the default values I hope are what most
- people will want to start out with. But for fine control of the
- defaults, read this section.
- One configuration variable is the debug output. The next section
- describes the meaning of debug flags and how to troubleshoot the
- plugin.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- About VCDs, SVCDs, and XVCDs.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- From: http://www.vcdhelp.com/vcd
- VCD stands for 'Video Compact Disc' and basically it is a CD that
- contains moving pictures and sound. If you're familiar with regular
- audio/music CDs, then you will know what a Video CD looks like. A VCD
- has the capacity to hold up to 74/80 minutes on 650MB/700MB CDs
- respectively of full-motion video along with quality stereo
- sound. VCDs use a compression standard called MPEG to store the video
- and audio. A VCD can be played on almost all standalone DVD Players
- and of course on all computers with a DVD-ROM or CD-ROM drive with
- the help of a software based decoder / player. It is also possible to
- use menus and chapters, similar to DVDs, on a VCD and also simple
- photo album/slide shows with background audio. The quality of a very
- good VCD is about the same as a VHS tape based movie but VCD is
- usually a bit more blurry. If you want better quality checkout
- SVCD,CVD or DVD.
- From: http://www.vcdhelp.com/svcd.htm
- SVCD stands for "Super VideoCD". A SVCD is very similar to a VCD, it
- has the capacity to hold about 35-60 minutes on 74/80 min CDs of very
- good quality full-motion video along with up to 2 stereo audio tracks
- and also 4 selectable subtitles. A SVCD can be played on many
- standalone DVD Players and of course on all computers with a DVD-ROM
- or CD-ROM drive with the help of a software based decoder / player. It
- is also possible to use menus and chapters, similar to DVDs, on a
- SVCD and also simple photo album/slide shows with background
- audio. The quality of a SVCD is much better than a VCD, especially
- much more sharpen picture than a VCD because of the higher
- resolution. But the quality depends how many minutes you choose to
- store on a CD, less minutes/CD generally means higher quality.
- From: http://www.vcdhelp.com/xvcd.htm
- XVCD stands for eXtendedVCD. XVCD has same features as VCD but it is
- possible to use higher bitrates and higher resolution to get higher
- video quality. XVCD is basicly everything that uses MPEG1 video, is
- not within the VCD standard and burnt in "VCD"-Mode.
- XSVCD stands for eXtendedSVCD. XSVCD has same features as SVCD but it
- is possible to use higher bitrates and higher resolution to get
- higher video quality. XSVCD is basicly everything that uses MPEG2
- video, is not within the SVCD standard and burnt in "SVCD"-Mode.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Concepts used by this plugin.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- The remote control of a Video CD players (or the front panel)
- generally has special keys or buttons. The author of a Video CD can
- assign what action to use when these buttons are pressed. They buttons
- are:
- RETURN: Often used to return to the previous menu or previouly
- interruped video segment.
- DEFAULT: Possibly take the default selection value. This function can
- only be assigned when the LID refers to in a "Program Selection List"
- or "Extended Program Selection List"
- NEXT: Possibly the next entry, chapter, track, or menu.
- PREVIOUS: Possibly the previous entry, chapter, track, or menu.
- Contiguous non-overlapping regions of a Compact Disc are called
- "Tracks". The sum of the tracks forms the entire CD. The CD
- specifications standards say that between tracks there is to be a
- 150-sector gap.
- In the MRL list described below, we generally don't list the first
- track which we would call call "Track 0", but other tools like
- VCDimager, cdinfo, and the CD-reading world in the general call this
- "Track 1". This first track usually contains an ISO 9660-format
- filesystem with metadata describing what's on the CD. It may also
- contain "segments" or small MPEGs that generally make up still frames
- and menus. Aside from the segments which are merely only parts of
- track 0, it doesn't make sense to try to "play" track 0 (or track 1
- depending on how you want to count), which is why we don't list it.
- It seems natural to call the first thing you would want to play "track
- 1" (which in fact is track 2 to everyone else).
- There are two other units that this plugin lists and are used
- internally. One we call an "entry". This is a starting point of a
- track which can include the beginning of the track, and when an entry
- points to the beginning of a track, it is equivalent to listing the
- track. However Video CD's often have multiple entry points into a
- track. Logically this corresponds to a "Chapter" or "Scene" of a
- larger uninterruptable unit. One might think a CD "track" could serve
- this purpose with a collection of tracks making up a work or
- movie. Alas, there is "track pregap" space between tracks which appear
- as a time gaps when hardware players go between tracks - something
- that doesn't have to happen switching between entries because there in
- fact is no gap.
- Another unit we use is a called a "segment." These are just the
- playable units in track 0. Segments come in fixed-length units so
- several may be combined to form a single logical playable unit. Still
- frames for menus are segments. A menu doesn't have to have a
- still-frame associated with it; a menu might be implemented as a short
- looped movie clip. But all still frames are segments. Also, Video CD
- specifications allow still frames to have higher resolution than
- motion clips. All segments reside in track 0.
- A "list ID" (also called a LID and and is one greater than a Play
- Sequence descripter or "PSD" number) combines "entries" and "segments"
- and "tracks" together with some navigation logic. "Playback Control"
- (acronym PBC) is simply starting playback at a particular LID, and
- unless otherwise specified you'd start with the first playback item
- which we call P1.
- Below we will refer to an "item" as combination of a unit name (track,
- entry, segment, playback) and a whole number.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- MRLS:
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- This vlc Video CD plugin, identifies itself in the vlc GUI preferences
- vcdx. It also registers itelf to handle a class of MRL's that start
- with vcdx://.
- The VCDX MRL takes the following form:
- vcdx://[path to file or vcd device][@[letter]number]]
- (Note: eventually the trailing "x" will be dropped. In MRL's "vcd"
- works as well as "vcdx".
- A simple vcdx:// runs the default item (e.g. perhaps track 1 or the
- playback control) the default VCD device (perhaps /dev/cdrom). Whether
- to use playback control and the default device are user-configurable.
- It is however also possible to specify both Video CD device/filename
- and the kind of item explicitly in the MRL.
- For example vcdx:/dev/dvd specifies the default entry using device
- /dev/dvd which might useful if this is your DVD which is different
- than your CD-ROM device and your DVD drive can play CD's. And
- vcdx://test_svcd_ntsc.cue specifies the cue file for CD image on disk.
- (test_svcd_ntsc.bin is the corresponding bin file, but using that
- won't work.)
- After the optional device name or file name, you can name the kind of
- unit which preceded by an '@'. An MRL which ends in an @ is like
- not adding it at all: the default entry type and number is used. Items
- come in 4 flavors: "Track," "Entry," "Playback," and "Segment." See
- the preceding section for an explaination of these terms. These units
- are indicated with the capital first letter of each type: T, E, P, S,
- s.
- --- In the future when we are able to control MRL display:
- An uppercase S in the MRL display indicates a NTS segment while a
- lowercase S indicates a PAL segment.
- ----
- However when you enter a MRL, the case of these letters is
- insignificant.
- You can configure various things that affect MRLs are selected when
- there is some ambiguity in the MRL name. vcdx-PBC sets whether to
- to use PBC in a MRL is none is given. Another configuration
- setting, vcdx-device, determines what device to use if that part is
- not given.
- Some examples of MRLS are given below. In the examples, we assume the
- following configuration settings:
- vcdx-PBC=1
- vcdx-device=/dev/cdrom
- vcdx:// - Play (navigate) default item (in this
- case Entry ID 0) from the default device (in this
- case set to /dev/cdrom)
- vcdx://@ - same as above
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom@ - same effect as above since the default device
- is set to /dev/cdrom.
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom@E0 - same as above. But note that this is
- because we have autoplay:entry which is
- no longer the default value
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom2@ - Play (navigate) the default item of /dev/cdrom2
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom2 - should be same as above but is currently broken?
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom2@T1 - Play Track 1 from /dev/cdrom2
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom@S1 - Play segment 1 from /dev/cdrom. This
- assumes there *is* a segment 1. Check
- the MRL list to see if that is the case.
- vcdx://@P1 - Play LID item 1 from default device
- If there is no playback control, MRL will
- get converted into vcdx://@E0. Again
- check the MRL list to see if there is a P1.
- vcdx://@P1* - probably same as above.
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom@E1 - Play Entry id 1 from default device
- vcdx://@S0 - Play segment 0 from default device
- vcdx://@3 - Play track 3 from default device
- vcdx:///dev/cdrom2:1 - Play track 1 from /dev/cdrom2
- vcdx:///tmp/ntsc.cue@ - Play default item (E0) of /tmp/ntsc.bin. Note
- trailing @
- vcdx://ntsc.cue/@E0 - Play entry 0 of ntsc.bin
- vcdx:///tmp/ntsc.nrg/@E0 - Play entry 0 of /tmp/ntsc.nrg (Nero
- file) Works for some simple Nero images.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Key bindings and non-PBC navigation.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- At present vlc doesn't have special hot-keys for "NEXT", "PREVIOUS",
- "RETURN" or "DEFAULT". So we use some of other hot-key names that
- don't seem to correspond to anything for a VCD. The key mapping names
- are:
- VLC NAME VCD NAME
- --------------------------
- NAVIGATE UP RETURN
- NAVIGATE DOWN DEFAULT
- NAVIGATE LEFT PREVIOUS
- NAVIGATE RIGHT NEXT
- Also this plugin understand numeric input. Since the hot-keys don't
- have assignments for numbers, the digits on the keyboard (also
- available from the keypad if num-lock is on) are hard-coded. Even
- though this isn't customizable, it's probably what most people would
- expect and want.
- The enter a number just type the digits of the number. To finish
- specifying a number use the whatever key is bound to vlc's
- "ACTIVATE" hot key - the default value is the "Enter" key.
- However the next/previous/return buttons can be prefaced with a number
- and that has the effect of hitting that button that many times. So
- let's say you want to go forward 5 "Chapters" and hitting the "Next"
- key 5 times would do that Instead, you could just enter the digit 5
- followed by the key that is assigned to "NAVIGATE RIGHT", probably the
- right-arrow key.
- If you have better suggestions as to what functions the VCD buttons
- would be better bound to how what fixed algorithm to use when not in
- PBC, let me know.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Configuration settings:
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Configuration settings in xine are generally put in ~/.vlc/vlcrc, but
- can be configured via a vlc GUI. A description of the ones specific to
- VCDX are listed below.
- - -
- vcdx-device
- This specifies the name of the video device that will be used by default.
- If you don't specify anything, the plugin scan for a suitable CD-ROM
- device containing a Video CD in it.
- The default device in a MRL when none is listed. The default is
- determined by the appropriate name for the OS that you are running.
- - -
- vcd-debug
- An integer (interpreted as a bit mask) which shows additional
- debugging information see the Debugging Section below for more
- information about the bits that can be set.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Troubleshooting Guide
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- The VCD plugin leaves a bit to be desired and has many bugs. I expect
- that there will not be covered below. But the below is a start.
- This gives higher-level troubleshooting. More detailed and
- lower-level information is given in the next section DEBUGGING.
- Problem: something doesn't work. Start at step -1.
- Problem: The program gets a SEGFAULT or gives core dump. Start at step
- 0.
- Problem: I don't get anything playing. I can't even get information
- listed in "Media and Stream Information" or the playlist.
- Determination: start at step 1.
- Problem: Okay, I something plays menu now. But I don't see information
- about the CD in the playlist.
- Determination: start at step 5.
- -1. (Something doesn't work.)
- A lot of what is put here really is applicable to reporting
- problems and troubleshooting in vlc and the concepts really
- apply to any sort of bug reporting.
- When reporting a problem it's helpful to have facts:
- a) the version of vlc) you are using
- b) the OS you are running on
- c) the version of libcdio and/or libcddb you are using
- versions of libcdio and libcddb can be obtained by running
- pkg-config --modversion libcdio
- pkg-config --modversion libvcdinfo
- d) what you input or requested (e.g. the full command line entered -
- if it is possible to reproduce the problem by giving a
- commandline that is desirable since it is probably the simplest
- way to convey exactly what was requested)
- People often give (some part) of an error message neglecting
- to also include what was requested or entered that led to the
- output.
- e) The setting for this plugin. That is the values of the
- variables that start cddax- listed above. On Unix this can
- generally be found in ~/.vlc/vlcrc
- f) Exactly the messages that were what given. You can turn
- increase the verbosity level by setting "verbosity=2" in the
- vlc preferences files. On Unix the preferences file is
- generally in ~/vlc/.vlcrc but there are GUI ways to set this
- too. Give everything that is in the message log.
- 0. (The program gets a SEGFAULT or gives core dump.)
- Get and send a stack trace.
- In addition to -1. Make sure the program has been compiled with
- debugging symbols put into the code. This is usually done by having
- the "-g" flag set when compiling the program.
- You can get a strack trace the GNU debugger using the "where"
- command. For example on this might work:
- gdb vlc *name-of-corefile*
- where
- 1. (I don't get anything playing. I can't even get information
- listed in "Media and Stream Information" or the playlist)
- Do you even have the plugin loaded?
- When you run the vlc GUI, under Settings/Preferences you should see
- a "plugins" expandable list and under that another "access" list do
- you see a expandalbe entry under "access" labeled "vcdx"? If so,
- skip on to step 2.
- a) If no "vcdx" expandable list, thent the VCDX plugin isn't
- loaded. Does a shared object exist? The plugin shared object is
- called "libvcdx_plugin.so" It should be in the directory that has
- ...vlc/access. If this isn't around you need to build and install
- the VCDX plugin.
- b) if libvcdx_plugin.so is in the fileystem, there might be a
- loader error; perhaps libcdio or libvcdinfo are not installed or
- are the wrong version. Use ldd on the file to see that it has all
- of the libraries dependencies satisfied. Also you might be able
- check if there was an attempt to load it by tracking system
- calls. On Linux and other OS's) "strace" can be used to see if the
- file gets accessed. On Solaris use "truss".
- For example on Linux, amonst the many line of output when I run
- "strace -e trace=file vlc" I see this amongst lots of other
- output:
- ...
- stat64("/usr/local/lib/vlc/access/libvcdx_plugin.so", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=302990, ...}) = 0
- open("/usr/local/lib/vlc/access/libvcdx_plugin.so", O_RDONLY) = 5
- The parameters inside the calls may be different depending on where
- vlc is installed and what release is installed. If the the file is
- found and "opened",
- There may also be a message may under "setup/logs".
- 2. (There plugin was loaded and preferences found). In the "vcdx" tab
- of preference. An important selection is "vcdx-device." If this is
- set to the empty string, VCDX will try to scan your drives for a
- suitable device if the driver has the capability to scan for
- drives. However you can set the device to something of your
- choosing. On GNU/Linux, this may be "/dev/cdrom" and on Solaris it
- may be "/vol/dev/aliases/cdrom0". If you set this field, make sure
- these are correct for your particular setup. For example, I
- generally play out of the DVD device and this is called /dev/dvd
- rather than /dev/cdrom.
- 3. (Video CD Setup devices seems correct and there is a CD in the
- drive).
- when you run
- vlc vcdx://
- you should see your CD disk light go on if you have one. And the CD
- should be read.
- a. If not something's wrong like step 2. Another tack may be to try
- to read a disk image of a Video CD and thus elimate any problems
- with hardware. You can get a test Video CD disk image to test here:
- http://www.vcdimager.org/pub/vcdimager/examples/test_svcd/test_svcd_pal.zip
- After unzipping this run there should be files test_svcd_pal.cue
- and test_svcd_pal.bin. Get out of xine and run from the directory
- that contains those files:
- vcdx://test_svcd_pal.cue@E0
- If you see something playing then this is a hardware problem.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Debugging
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- **General vlc debugging...
- Before delving to things specific to this plugin, some preparation may
- be in order. You'll probably want to configure vlc with "--enable-debug".
- plugin with debug information. Instead of "make'ing" with "make", use
- "make debug" and instead of installing using "make install" use "make
- install-debug".
- I use gdb to debug. Debugging vlc with the entire suite of plugins
- under gdb is slow because it has to read in symbol tables from all the
- plugins. There are two ways to make loading faster when debugging. The
- simplest is just to go to the plugin directory and remove unused
- plugins. Another approach is create a new directory and make
- (symbolic) links into the complete plugin directory. Another way to
- speed up gdb loading is to attach the debugger after vlc has started up
- via a command like:
- gdb -p *pid-of-vlc-process*
- **vcdx debugging...
- It's a fact of life that this plugin is in an incomplete state and has
- bugs. So to facilitate tracking down problems we let you see what's
- going on dynamically. Various debugging settings will cause output to
- appear on vlc plugin log and/or "standard error" (assuming you've run
- xine in a way that you can capture this).
- You think of debug switches as a bit mask, that you specifiy as an
- integers the various "bit" values (given in decimal) are listed below.
- name value description
- ------ ---------- -----------
- meta info 1 Trace Meta information
- event info 2 Trace keyboard events
- MRL 4 Things involved getting lists of what's in the VCD
- ext call 8 Trace vlc calls to the plugin routines
- all calls (10) 16 Trace all calls
- LSN (20) 32 Trace updates to the Logical sector number
- (basically reads)
- PBC (40) 64 Trace things involved with playback control
- libcdio (80) 128 Turn on CDIO debugging
- seek-set (100) 256 Trace "seek set" calls
- seek-cur (200) 512 Trace "seek cur" calls
- still (400) 1024 Trace Still-frames
- vcdinfo (800) 2048 Turn on VCDINFO debugging
- **Video CD debugging...
- The tool vcd-info from the cdio branch of vcdimager can be used to
- show the entire contents of a Video CD or selected portions of
- that. Until the cdio branch of vcdimager is completely merged with
- vcdimager, the cd-info branch vresion has a few more
- features. (However consult vcdimager for complete of the program).
- vcdxrip can be used to extract portions of a Video CD and or create an
- XML description file of the Video CD. This XML file and the extracted
- files can be used by vcdxbuild to recreate another Video CD.
- And finally see also tools cd-info an cd-read from libcdio.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- Other references
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- http://www.vcdhelp.com/
- http://www.vcdimager.org/
- http://www.vcdimager.org/guides/#guides
- $Id$