swscale.c
资源名称:vlc-1.0.5.zip [点击查看]
上传用户:kjfoods
上传日期:2020-07-06
资源大小:29949k
文件大小:20k
源码类别:
midi
开发平台:
Unix_Linux
- /*****************************************************************************
- * swscale.c: scaling and chroma conversion using libswscale
- *****************************************************************************
- * Copyright (C) 1999-2008 the VideoLAN team
- * $Id: 432fe8a8020f2458264bf6a244e512021a32994c $
- *
- * Authors: Laurent Aimar <fenrir@via.ecp.fr>
- * Gildas Bazin <gbazin@videolan.org>
- *
- * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- * (at your option) any later version.
- *
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- * GNU General Public License for more details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
- * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston MA 02110-1301, USA.
- *****************************************************************************/
- /*****************************************************************************
- * Preamble
- *****************************************************************************/
- #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
- # include "config.h"
- #endif
- #include <vlc_common.h>
- #include <vlc_plugin.h>
- #include <vlc_vout.h>
- #include <vlc_filter.h>
- #ifdef HAVE_LIBSWSCALE_SWSCALE_H
- # include <libswscale/swscale.h>
- # include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
- #elif defined(HAVE_FFMPEG_SWSCALE_H)
- # include <ffmpeg/swscale.h>
- # include <ffmpeg/avcodec.h>
- #endif
- /* Gruikkkkkkkkkk!!!!! */
- #include "../codec/avcodec/avcodec.h"
- #undef AVPALETTE_SIZE
- #define AVPALETTE_SIZE (256 * sizeof(uint32_t))
- /*****************************************************************************
- * Module descriptor
- *****************************************************************************/
- static int OpenScaler( vlc_object_t * );
- static void CloseScaler( vlc_object_t * );
- #define SCALEMODE_TEXT N_("Scaling mode")
- #define SCALEMODE_LONGTEXT N_("Scaling mode to use.")
- static const int pi_mode_values[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
- const char *const ppsz_mode_descriptions[] =
- { N_("Fast bilinear"), N_("Bilinear"), N_("Bicubic (good quality)"),
- N_("Experimental"), N_("Nearest neighbour (bad quality)"),
- N_("Area"), N_("Luma bicubic / chroma bilinear"), N_("Gauss"),
- N_("SincR"), N_("Lanczos"), N_("Bicubic spline") };
- vlc_module_begin ()
- set_description( N_("Video scaling filter") )
- set_shortname( N_("Swscale" ) )
- set_capability( "video filter2", 150 )
- set_category( CAT_VIDEO )
- set_subcategory( SUBCAT_VIDEO_VFILTER )
- set_callbacks( OpenScaler, CloseScaler )
- add_integer( "swscale-mode", 2, NULL, SCALEMODE_TEXT, SCALEMODE_LONGTEXT, true )
- change_integer_list( pi_mode_values, ppsz_mode_descriptions, NULL )
- vlc_module_end ()
- /* Version checking */
- #if LIBSWSCALE_VERSION_INT >= ((0<<16)+(5<<8)+0)
- /****************************************************************************
- * Local prototypes
- ****************************************************************************/
- void *( *swscale_fast_memcpy )( void *, const void *, size_t );
- /**
- * Internal swscale filter structure.
- */
- struct filter_sys_t
- {
- SwsFilter *p_src_filter;
- SwsFilter *p_dst_filter;
- int i_cpu_mask, i_sws_flags;
- video_format_t fmt_in;
- video_format_t fmt_out;
- struct SwsContext *ctx;
- struct SwsContext *ctxA;
- picture_t *p_src_a;
- picture_t *p_dst_a;
- int i_extend_factor;
- picture_t *p_src_e;
- picture_t *p_dst_e;
- bool b_add_a;
- bool b_copy;
- };
- static picture_t *Filter( filter_t *, picture_t * );
- static int Init( filter_t * );
- static void Clean( filter_t * );
- typedef struct
- {
- int i_fmti;
- int i_fmto;
- bool b_has_a;
- bool b_add_a;
- int i_sws_flags;
- bool b_copy;
- } ScalerConfiguration;
- static int GetParameters( ScalerConfiguration *,
- const video_format_t *p_fmti,
- const video_format_t *p_fmto,
- int i_sws_flags_default );
- static int GetSwsCpuMask(void);
- /* SwScaler point resize quality seems really bad, let our scale module do it
- * (change it to true to try) */
- #define ALLOW_YUVP (false)
- /* SwScaler does not like too small picture */
- #define MINIMUM_WIDTH (32)
- /* XXX is it always 3 even for BIG_ENDIAN (blend.c seems to think so) ? */
- #define OFFSET_A (3)
- /*****************************************************************************
- * OpenScaler: probe the filter and return score
- *****************************************************************************/
- static int OpenScaler( vlc_object_t *p_this )
- {
- filter_t *p_filter = (filter_t*)p_this;
- filter_sys_t *p_sys;
- int i_sws_mode;
- if( GetParameters( NULL,
- &p_filter->fmt_in.video,
- &p_filter->fmt_out.video, 0 ) )
- return VLC_EGENERIC;
- /* */
- p_filter->pf_video_filter = Filter;
- /* Allocate the memory needed to store the decoder's structure */
- if( ( p_filter->p_sys = p_sys = malloc(sizeof(filter_sys_t)) ) == NULL )
- return VLC_ENOMEM;
- /* FIXME pointer assignment may not be atomic */
- swscale_fast_memcpy = vlc_memcpy;
- /* Set CPU capabilities */
- p_sys->i_cpu_mask = GetSwsCpuMask();
- /* */
- i_sws_mode = var_CreateGetInteger( p_filter, "swscale-mode" );
- switch( i_sws_mode )
- {
- case 0: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_FAST_BILINEAR; break;
- case 1: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_BILINEAR; break;
- case 2: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC; break;
- case 3: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_X; break;
- case 4: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_POINT; break;
- case 5: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_AREA; break;
- case 6: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_BICUBLIN; break;
- case 7: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_GAUSS; break;
- case 8: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_SINC; break;
- case 9: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_LANCZOS; break;
- case 10: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_SPLINE; break;
- default: p_sys->i_sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC; i_sws_mode = 2; break;
- }
- p_sys->p_src_filter = NULL;
- p_sys->p_dst_filter = NULL;
- /* Misc init */
- p_sys->ctx = NULL;
- p_sys->ctxA = NULL;
- p_sys->p_src_a = NULL;
- p_sys->p_dst_a = NULL;
- p_sys->p_src_e = NULL;
- p_sys->p_dst_e = NULL;
- memset( &p_sys->fmt_in, 0, sizeof(p_sys->fmt_in) );
- memset( &p_sys->fmt_out, 0, sizeof(p_sys->fmt_out) );
- if( Init( p_filter ) )
- {
- if( p_sys->p_src_filter )
- sws_freeFilter( p_sys->p_src_filter );
- free( p_sys );
- return VLC_EGENERIC;
- }
- msg_Dbg( p_filter, "%ix%i chroma: %4.4s -> %ix%i chroma: %4.4s with scaling using %s",
- p_filter->fmt_in.video.i_width, p_filter->fmt_in.video.i_height,
- (char *)&p_filter->fmt_in.video.i_chroma,
- p_filter->fmt_out.video.i_width, p_filter->fmt_out.video.i_height,
- (char *)&p_filter->fmt_out.video.i_chroma,
- ppsz_mode_descriptions[i_sws_mode] );
- return VLC_SUCCESS;
- }
- /*****************************************************************************
- * CloseFilter: clean up the filter
- *****************************************************************************/
- static void CloseScaler( vlc_object_t *p_this )
- {
- filter_t *p_filter = (filter_t*)p_this;
- filter_sys_t *p_sys = p_filter->p_sys;
- Clean( p_filter );
- if( p_sys->p_src_filter )
- sws_freeFilter( p_sys->p_src_filter );
- free( p_sys );
- }
- /*****************************************************************************
- * Helpers
- *****************************************************************************/
- static int GetSwsCpuMask(void)
- {
- const unsigned int i_cpu = vlc_CPU();
- int i_sws_cpu = 0;
- if( i_cpu & CPU_CAPABILITY_MMX )
- i_sws_cpu |= SWS_CPU_CAPS_MMX;
- #if (LIBSWSCALE_VERSION_INT >= ((0<<16)+(5<<8)+0))
- if( i_cpu & CPU_CAPABILITY_MMXEXT )
- i_sws_cpu |= SWS_CPU_CAPS_MMX2;
- #endif
- if( i_cpu & CPU_CAPABILITY_3DNOW )
- i_sws_cpu |= SWS_CPU_CAPS_3DNOW;
- if( i_cpu & CPU_CAPABILITY_ALTIVEC )
- i_sws_cpu |= SWS_CPU_CAPS_ALTIVEC;
- return i_sws_cpu;
- }
- static bool IsFmtSimilar( const video_format_t *p_fmt1, const video_format_t *p_fmt2 )
- {
- return p_fmt1->i_chroma == p_fmt2->i_chroma &&
- p_fmt1->i_width == p_fmt2->i_width &&
- p_fmt1->i_height == p_fmt2->i_height;
- }
- static int GetParameters( ScalerConfiguration *p_cfg,
- const video_format_t *p_fmti,
- const video_format_t *p_fmto,
- int i_sws_flags_default )
- {
- int i_fmti = -1;
- int i_fmto = -1;
- bool b_has_ai = false;
- bool b_has_ao = false;
- int i_sws_flags = i_sws_flags_default;
- GetFfmpegChroma( &i_fmti, *p_fmti );
- GetFfmpegChroma( &i_fmto, *p_fmto );
- if( p_fmti->i_chroma == p_fmto->i_chroma )
- {
- if( p_fmti->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'Y', 'U', 'V', 'P' ) && ALLOW_YUVP )
- {
- i_fmti = i_fmto = PIX_FMT_GRAY8;
- i_sws_flags = SWS_POINT;
- }
- }
- if( p_fmti->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'Y', 'U', 'V', 'A' ) )
- {
- i_fmti = PIX_FMT_YUV444P;
- b_has_ai = true;
- }
- else if( p_fmti->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'R', 'G', 'B', 'A' ) )
- {
- i_fmti = PIX_FMT_BGR32;
- b_has_ai = true;
- }
- if( p_fmto->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'Y', 'U', 'V', 'A' ) )
- {
- i_fmto = PIX_FMT_YUV444P;
- b_has_ao = true;
- }
- else if( p_fmto->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'R', 'G', 'B', 'A' ) )
- {
- i_fmto = PIX_FMT_BGR32;
- b_has_ao = true;
- }
- /* FIXME TODO removed when ffmpeg is fixed
- * Without SWS_ACCURATE_RND the quality is really bad for some conversions */
- switch( i_fmto )
- {
- case PIX_FMT_ARGB:
- case PIX_FMT_RGBA:
- case PIX_FMT_ABGR:
- i_sws_flags |= SWS_ACCURATE_RND;
- break;
- }
- if( p_cfg )
- {
- p_cfg->i_fmti = i_fmti;
- p_cfg->i_fmto = i_fmto;
- p_cfg->b_has_a = b_has_ai && b_has_ao;
- p_cfg->b_add_a = (!b_has_ai) && b_has_ao;
- p_cfg->b_copy = i_fmti == i_fmto && p_fmti->i_width == p_fmto->i_width && p_fmti->i_height == p_fmto->i_height;
- p_cfg->i_sws_flags = i_sws_flags;
- }
- if( i_fmti < 0 || i_fmto < 0 )
- return VLC_EGENERIC;
- return VLC_SUCCESS;
- }
- static int Init( filter_t *p_filter )
- {
- filter_sys_t *p_sys = p_filter->p_sys;
- const video_format_t *p_fmti = &p_filter->fmt_in.video;
- const video_format_t *p_fmto = &p_filter->fmt_out.video;
- if( IsFmtSimilar( p_fmti, &p_sys->fmt_in ) &&
- IsFmtSimilar( p_fmto, &p_sys->fmt_out ) &&
- p_sys->ctx )
- {
- return VLC_SUCCESS;
- }
- Clean( p_filter );
- /* Init with new parameters */
- ScalerConfiguration cfg;
- if( GetParameters( &cfg, p_fmti, p_fmto, p_sys->i_sws_flags ) )
- {
- msg_Err( p_filter, "format not supported" );
- return VLC_EGENERIC;
- }
- if( p_fmti->i_width <= 0 || p_fmto->i_width <= 0 )
- {
- msg_Err( p_filter, "0 width not supported" );
- return VLC_EGENERIC;
- }
- /* swscale does not like too small width */
- p_sys->i_extend_factor = 1;
- while( __MIN( p_fmti->i_width, p_fmto->i_width ) * p_sys->i_extend_factor < MINIMUM_WIDTH)
- p_sys->i_extend_factor++;
- const unsigned i_fmti_width = p_fmti->i_width * p_sys->i_extend_factor;
- const unsigned i_fmto_width = p_fmto->i_width * p_sys->i_extend_factor;
- for( int n = 0; n < (cfg.b_has_a ? 2 : 1); n++ )
- {
- const int i_fmti = n == 0 ? cfg.i_fmti : PIX_FMT_GRAY8;
- const int i_fmto = n == 0 ? cfg.i_fmto : PIX_FMT_GRAY8;
- struct SwsContext *ctx;
- ctx = sws_getContext( i_fmti_width, p_fmti->i_height, i_fmti,
- i_fmto_width, p_fmto->i_height, i_fmto,
- cfg.i_sws_flags | p_sys->i_cpu_mask,
- p_sys->p_src_filter, p_sys->p_dst_filter, 0 );
- if( n == 0 )
- p_sys->ctx = ctx;
- else
- p_sys->ctxA = ctx;
- }
- if( p_sys->ctxA )
- {
- p_sys->p_src_a = picture_New( VLC_FOURCC( 'G', 'R', 'E', 'Y' ), i_fmti_width, p_fmti->i_height, 0 );
- p_sys->p_dst_a = picture_New( VLC_FOURCC( 'G', 'R', 'E', 'Y' ), i_fmto_width, p_fmto->i_height, 0 );
- }
- if( p_sys->i_extend_factor != 1 )
- {
- p_sys->p_src_e = picture_New( p_fmti->i_chroma, i_fmti_width, p_fmti->i_height, 0 );
- p_sys->p_dst_e = picture_New( p_fmto->i_chroma, i_fmto_width, p_fmto->i_height, 0 );
- memset( p_sys->p_src_e->p[0].p_pixels, 0, p_sys->p_src_e->p[0].i_pitch * p_sys->p_src_e->p[0].i_lines );
- memset( p_sys->p_dst_e->p[0].p_pixels, 0, p_sys->p_dst_e->p[0].i_pitch * p_sys->p_dst_e->p[0].i_lines );
- }
- if( !p_sys->ctx ||
- ( cfg.b_has_a && ( !p_sys->ctxA || !p_sys->p_src_a || !p_sys->p_dst_a ) ) ||
- ( p_sys->i_extend_factor != 1 && ( !p_sys->p_src_e || !p_sys->p_dst_e ) ) )
- {
- msg_Err( p_filter, "could not init SwScaler and/or allocate memory" );
- Clean( p_filter );
- return VLC_EGENERIC;
- }
- p_sys->b_add_a = cfg.b_add_a;
- p_sys->b_copy = cfg.b_copy;
- p_sys->fmt_in = *p_fmti;
- p_sys->fmt_out = *p_fmto;
- #if 0
- msg_Dbg( p_filter, "%ix%i chroma: %4.4s -> %ix%i chroma: %4.4s extend by %d",
- p_fmti->i_width, p_fmti->i_height, (char *)&p_fmti->i_chroma,
- p_fmto->i_width, p_fmto->i_height, (char *)&p_fmto->i_chroma,
- p_sys->i_extend_factor );
- #endif
- return VLC_SUCCESS;
- }
- static void Clean( filter_t *p_filter )
- {
- filter_sys_t *p_sys = p_filter->p_sys;
- if( p_sys->p_src_e )
- picture_Release( p_sys->p_src_e );
- if( p_sys->p_dst_e )
- picture_Release( p_sys->p_dst_e );
- if( p_sys->p_src_a )
- picture_Release( p_sys->p_src_a );
- if( p_sys->p_dst_a )
- picture_Release( p_sys->p_dst_a );
- if( p_sys->ctxA )
- sws_freeContext( p_sys->ctxA );
- if( p_sys->ctx )
- sws_freeContext( p_sys->ctx );
- /* We have to set it to null has we call be called again :( */
- p_sys->ctx = NULL;
- p_sys->ctxA = NULL;
- p_sys->p_src_a = NULL;
- p_sys->p_dst_a = NULL;
- p_sys->p_src_e = NULL;
- p_sys->p_dst_e = NULL;
- }
- static void GetPixels( uint8_t *pp_pixel[4], int pi_pitch[4],
- const picture_t *p_picture,
- int i_plane_start, int i_plane_count )
- {
- int n;
- for( n = 0; n < __MIN(i_plane_count, p_picture->i_planes-i_plane_start ); n++ )
- {
- pp_pixel[n] = p_picture->p[i_plane_start+n].p_pixels;
- pi_pitch[n] = p_picture->p[i_plane_start+n].i_pitch;
- }
- for( ; n < 4; n++ )
- {
- pp_pixel[n] = NULL;
- pi_pitch[n] = 0;
- }
- }
- static void ExtractA( picture_t *p_dst, const picture_t *p_src, unsigned i_width, unsigned i_height )
- {
- plane_t *d = &p_dst->p[0];
- const plane_t *s = &p_src->p[0];
- for( unsigned y = 0; y < i_height; y++ )
- for( unsigned x = 0; x < i_width; x++ )
- d->p_pixels[y*d->i_pitch+x] = s->p_pixels[y*s->i_pitch+4*x+OFFSET_A];
- }
- static void InjectA( picture_t *p_dst, const picture_t *p_src, unsigned i_width, unsigned i_height )
- {
- plane_t *d = &p_dst->p[0];
- const plane_t *s = &p_src->p[0];
- for( unsigned y = 0; y < i_height; y++ )
- for( unsigned x = 0; x < i_width; x++ )
- d->p_pixels[y*d->i_pitch+4*x+OFFSET_A] = s->p_pixels[y*s->i_pitch+x];
- }
- static void FillA( plane_t *d, int i_offset )
- {
- for( int y = 0; y < d->i_visible_lines; y++ )
- for( int x = 0; x < d->i_visible_pitch; x += d->i_pixel_pitch )
- d->p_pixels[y*d->i_pitch+x+i_offset] = 0xff;
- }
- static void CopyPad( picture_t *p_dst, const picture_t *p_src )
- {
- picture_Copy( p_dst, p_src );
- for( int n = 0; n < p_dst->i_planes; n++ )
- {
- const plane_t *s = &p_src->p[n];
- plane_t *d = &p_dst->p[n];
- for( int y = 0; y < s->i_lines; y++ )
- {
- for( int x = s->i_visible_pitch; x < d->i_visible_pitch; x += s->i_pixel_pitch )
- memcpy( &d->p_pixels[y*d->i_pitch + x], &d->p_pixels[y*d->i_pitch + s->i_visible_pitch - s->i_pixel_pitch], s->i_pixel_pitch );
- }
- }
- }
- static void Convert( filter_t *p_filter, struct SwsContext *ctx,
- picture_t *p_dst, picture_t *p_src, int i_height, int i_plane_start, int i_plane_count )
- {
- uint8_t palette[AVPALETTE_SIZE];
- uint8_t *src[4]; int src_stride[4];
- uint8_t *dst[4]; int dst_stride[4];
- GetPixels( src, src_stride, p_src, i_plane_start, i_plane_count );
- if( p_filter->fmt_in.video.i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'R', 'G', 'B', 'P' ) )
- {
- memset( palette, 0, sizeof(palette) );
- if( p_filter->fmt_in.video.p_palette )
- memcpy( palette, p_filter->fmt_in.video.p_palette->palette,
- __MIN( sizeof(video_palette_t), AVPALETTE_SIZE ) );
- src[1] = palette;
- src_stride[1] = 4;
- }
- GetPixels( dst, dst_stride, p_dst, i_plane_start, i_plane_count );
- #if LIBSWSCALE_VERSION_INT >= ((0<<16)+(5<<8)+0)
- sws_scale( ctx, src, src_stride, 0, i_height,
- dst, dst_stride );
- #else
- sws_scale_ordered( ctx, src, src_stride, 0, i_height,
- dst, dst_stride );
- #endif
- }
- /****************************************************************************
- * Filter: the whole thing
- ****************************************************************************
- * This function is called just after the thread is launched.
- ****************************************************************************/
- static picture_t *Filter( filter_t *p_filter, picture_t *p_pic )
- {
- filter_sys_t *p_sys = p_filter->p_sys;
- const video_format_t *p_fmti = &p_filter->fmt_in.video;
- const video_format_t *p_fmto = &p_filter->fmt_out.video;
- picture_t *p_pic_dst;
- /* Check if format properties changed */
- if( Init( p_filter ) )
- {
- picture_Release( p_pic );
- return NULL;
- }
- /* Request output picture */
- p_pic_dst = filter_NewPicture( p_filter );
- if( !p_pic_dst )
- {
- picture_Release( p_pic );
- return NULL;
- }
- /* */
- picture_t *p_src = p_pic;
- picture_t *p_dst = p_pic_dst;
- if( p_sys->i_extend_factor != 1 )
- {
- p_src = p_sys->p_src_e;
- p_dst = p_sys->p_dst_e;
- CopyPad( p_src, p_pic );
- }
- if( p_sys->b_copy )
- picture_CopyPixels( p_dst, p_src );
- else
- Convert( p_filter, p_sys->ctx, p_dst, p_src, p_fmti->i_height, 0, 3 );
- if( p_sys->ctxA )
- {
- /* We extract the A plane to rescale it, and then we reinject it. */
- if( p_fmti->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'R', 'G', 'B', 'A' ) )
- ExtractA( p_sys->p_src_a, p_src, p_fmti->i_width * p_sys->i_extend_factor, p_fmti->i_height );
- else
- plane_CopyPixels( p_sys->p_src_a->p, p_src->p+A_PLANE );
- Convert( p_filter, p_sys->ctxA, p_sys->p_dst_a, p_sys->p_src_a, p_fmti->i_height, 0, 1 );
- if( p_fmto->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'R', 'G', 'B', 'A' ) )
- InjectA( p_dst, p_sys->p_dst_a, p_fmto->i_width * p_sys->i_extend_factor, p_fmto->i_height );
- else
- plane_CopyPixels( p_dst->p+A_PLANE, p_sys->p_dst_a->p );
- }
- else if( p_sys->b_add_a )
- {
- /* We inject a complete opaque alpha plane */
- if( p_fmto->i_chroma == VLC_FOURCC( 'R', 'G', 'B', 'A' ) )
- FillA( &p_dst->p[0], OFFSET_A );
- else
- FillA( &p_dst->p[A_PLANE], 0 );
- }
- if( p_sys->i_extend_factor != 1 )
- {
- picture_CopyPixels( p_pic_dst, p_dst );
- }
- picture_CopyProperties( p_pic_dst, p_pic );
- picture_Release( p_pic );
- return p_pic_dst;
- }
- #else /* LIBSWSCALE_VERSION_INT >= ((0<<16)+(5<<8)+0) */
- int OpenScaler( vlc_object_t *p_this )
- {
- return VLC_EGENERIC;
- }
- void CloseScaler( vlc_object_t *p_this )
- {
- }
- #endif /* LIBSWSCALE_VERSION_INT >= ((0<<16)+(5<<8)+0) */