jpegtran.1
资源名称:jpegsr6b.zip [点击查看]
上传用户:wuyixingx
上传日期:2007-01-08
资源大小:745k
文件大小:8k
源码类别:
图形图象
开发平台:
C/C++
- .TH JPEGTRAN 1 "3 August 1997"
- .SH NAME
- jpegtran - lossless transformation of JPEG files
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B jpegtran
- [
- .I options
- ]
- [
- .I filename
- ]
- .LP
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .LP
- .B jpegtran
- performs various useful transformations of JPEG files.
- It can translate the coded representation from one variant of JPEG to another,
- for example from baseline JPEG to progressive JPEG or vice versa. It can also
- perform some rearrangements of the image data, for example turning an image
- from landscape to portrait format by rotation.
- .PP
- .B jpegtran
- works by rearranging the compressed data (DCT coefficients), without
- ever fully decoding the image. Therefore, its transformations are lossless:
- there is no image degradation at all, which would not be true if you used
- .B djpeg
- followed by
- .B cjpeg
- to accomplish the same conversion. But by the same token,
- .B jpegtran
- cannot perform lossy operations such as changing the image quality.
- .PP
- .B jpegtran
- reads the named JPEG/JFIF file, or the standard input if no file is
- named, and produces a JPEG/JFIF file on the standard output.
- .SH OPTIONS
- All switch names may be abbreviated; for example,
- .B -optimize
- may be written
- .B -opt
- or
- .BR -o .
- Upper and lower case are equivalent.
- British spellings are also accepted (e.g.,
- .BR -optimise ),
- though for brevity these are not mentioned below.
- .PP
- To specify the coded JPEG representation used in the output file,
- .B jpegtran
- accepts a subset of the switches recognized by
- .BR cjpeg :
- .TP
- .B -optimize
- Perform optimization of entropy encoding parameters.
- .TP
- .B -progressive
- Create progressive JPEG file.
- .TP
- .BI -restart " N"
- Emit a JPEG restart marker every N MCU rows, or every N MCU blocks if "B" is
- attached to the number.
- .TP
- .BI -scans " file"
- Use the scan script given in the specified text file.
- .PP
- See
- .BR cjpeg (1)
- for more details about these switches.
- If you specify none of these switches, you get a plain baseline-JPEG output
- file. The quality setting and so forth are determined by the input file.
- .PP
- The image can be losslessly transformed by giving one of these switches:
- .TP
- .B -flip horizontal
- Mirror image horizontally (left-right).
- .TP
- .B -flip vertical
- Mirror image vertically (top-bottom).
- .TP
- .B -rotate 90
- Rotate image 90 degrees clockwise.
- .TP
- .B -rotate 180
- Rotate image 180 degrees.
- .TP
- .B -rotate 270
- Rotate image 270 degrees clockwise (or 90 ccw).
- .TP
- .B -transpose
- Transpose image (across UL-to-LR axis).
- .TP
- .B -transverse
- Transverse transpose (across UR-to-LL axis).
- .PP
- The transpose transformation has no restrictions regarding image dimensions.
- The other transformations operate rather oddly if the image dimensions are not
- a multiple of the iMCU size (usually 8 or 16 pixels), because they can only
- transform complete blocks of DCT coefficient data in the desired way.
- .PP
- .BR jpegtran 's
- default behavior when transforming an odd-size image is designed
- to preserve exact reversibility and mathematical consistency of the
- transformation set. As stated, transpose is able to flip the entire image
- area. Horizontal mirroring leaves any partial iMCU column at the right edge
- untouched, but is able to flip all rows of the image. Similarly, vertical
- mirroring leaves any partial iMCU row at the bottom edge untouched, but is
- able to flip all columns. The other transforms can be built up as sequences
- of transpose and flip operations; for consistency, their actions on edge
- pixels are defined to be the same as the end result of the corresponding
- transpose-and-flip sequence.
- .PP
- For practical use, you may prefer to discard any untransformable edge pixels
- rather than having a strange-looking strip along the right and/or bottom edges
- of a transformed image. To do this, add the
- .B -trim
- switch:
- .TP
- .B -trim
- Drop non-transformable edge blocks.
- .PP
- Obviously, a transformation with
- .B -trim
- is not reversible, so strictly speaking
- .B jpegtran
- with this switch is not lossless. Also, the expected mathematical
- equivalences between the transformations no longer hold. For example,
- .B -rot 270 -trim
- trims only the bottom edge, but
- .B -rot 90 -trim
- followed by
- .B -rot 180 -trim
- trims both edges.
- .PP
- Another not-strictly-lossless transformation switch is:
- .TP
- .B -grayscale
- Force grayscale output.
- .PP
- This option discards the chrominance channels if the input image is YCbCr
- (ie, a standard color JPEG), resulting in a grayscale JPEG file. The
- luminance channel is preserved exactly, so this is a better method of reducing
- to grayscale than decompression, conversion, and recompression. This switch
- is particularly handy for fixing a monochrome picture that was mistakenly
- encoded as a color JPEG. (In such a case, the space savings from getting rid
- of the near-empty chroma channels won't be large; but the decoding time for
- a grayscale JPEG is substantially less than that for a color JPEG.)
- .PP
- .B jpegtran
- also recognizes these switches that control what to do with "extra" markers,
- such as comment blocks:
- .TP
- .B -copy none
- Copy no extra markers from source file. This setting suppresses all
- comments and other excess baggage present in the source file.
- .TP
- .B -copy comments
- Copy only comment markers. This setting copies comments from the source file,
- but discards any other inessential data.
- .TP
- .B -copy all
- Copy all extra markers. This setting preserves miscellaneous markers
- found in the source file, such as JFIF thumbnails and Photoshop settings.
- In some files these extra markers can be sizable.
- .PP
- The default behavior is
- .BR "-copy comments" .
- (Note: in IJG releases v6 and v6a,
- .B jpegtran
- always did the equivalent of
- .BR "-copy none" .)
- .PP
- Additional switches recognized by jpegtran are:
- .TP
- .BI -maxmemory " N"
- Set limit for amount of memory to use in processing large images. Value is
- in thousands of bytes, or millions of bytes if "M" is attached to the
- number. For example,
- .B -max 4m
- selects 4000000 bytes. If more space is needed, temporary files will be used.
- .TP
- .BI -outfile " name"
- Send output image to the named file, not to standard output.
- .TP
- .B -verbose
- Enable debug printout. More
- .BR -v 's
- give more output. Also, version information is printed at startup.
- .TP
- .B -debug
- Same as
- .BR -verbose .
- .SH EXAMPLES
- .LP
- This example converts a baseline JPEG file to progressive form:
- .IP
- .B jpegtran -progressive
- .I foo.jpg
- .B >
- .I fooprog.jpg
- .PP
- This example rotates an image 90 degrees clockwise, discarding any
- unrotatable edge pixels:
- .IP
- .B jpegtran -rot 90 -trim
- .I foo.jpg
- .B >
- .I foo90.jpg
- .SH ENVIRONMENT
- .TP
- .B JPEGMEM
- If this environment variable is set, its value is the default memory limit.
- The value is specified as described for the
- .B -maxmemory
- switch.
- .B JPEGMEM
- overrides the default value specified when the program was compiled, and
- itself is overridden by an explicit
- .BR -maxmemory .
- .SH SEE ALSO
- .BR cjpeg (1),
- .BR djpeg (1),
- .BR rdjpgcom (1),
- .BR wrjpgcom (1)
- .br
- Wallace, Gregory K. "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard",
- Communications of the ACM, April 1991 (vol. 34, no. 4), pp. 30-44.
- .SH AUTHOR
- Independent JPEG Group
- .SH BUGS
- Arithmetic coding is not supported for legal reasons.
- .PP
- The transform options can't transform odd-size images perfectly. Use
- .B -trim
- if you don't like the results without it.
- .PP
- The entire image is read into memory and then written out again, even in
- cases where this isn't really necessary. Expect swapping on large images,
- especially when using the more complex transform options.