DirextX编程

开发平台：
C#

MatrixExample.cs：源码内容
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// Copyright (c) 三峡大学水利与环境学院 肖泽云. All rights reserved.  //
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using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
namespace 矩阵
{
    public partial class MatrixExample : Form
    {
        Device device = null;//定义绘图设备
        Sprite sprite;
        Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font myFont;
        System.Drawing.Font currentFont;
        Matrix view;
        Matrix project;
        public MatrixExample()
        {
            this.ClientSize = new Size(800, 600);//指定窗体尺寸
            this.Text = "矩阵应用";//指定窗体标题
        }
        public bool InitializeDirect3D()
        {
            try
            {
                PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters();
                presentParams.Windowed = true; //指定以Windows窗体形式显示
                presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; //当前屏幕绘制后它将自动从内存中删除
                device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, presentParams); //实例化device对象
                currentFont = new System.Drawing.Font("Times New Roman", 16, FontStyle.Regular);
                sprite = new Sprite(device);
                myFont = new Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Font(device, currentFont);
                
                view=Matrix.LookAtLH(new Vector3(0f,0f,-50f),new Vector3(0f,0f,0f),new Vector3(0,1,0));
                project = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)(Math.PI / 4), this.Width/this.Height, 1f, 1000f);
                device.Transform.View=view;
                device.Transform.Projection=project;
                ShowMatrix(Matrix.Identity);//显示单位矩阵
                Console.WriteLine("矩阵行列式为：" + Matrix.Identity.Determinant.ToString());//显示矩阵行列式
                Matrix invertMat = Matrix.Identity;
                invertMat.M12 = 2f;
                Console.WriteLine("矩阵为：");
                ShowMatrix(invertMat);//显示原矩阵
                invertMat.Invert();//计算逆矩阵
                Console.WriteLine("矩阵的逆矩阵为：");
                ShowMatrix(invertMat);//显示逆矩阵
                Matrix matrix1 = Matrix.Identity;
                Matrix matrix2 = Matrix.Identity;
                matrix1.M12 = 3.5f;
                matrix2.M21 = -0.7f;
                Console.WriteLine("第一个矩阵为：");
                ShowMatrix(matrix1);//显示第一个矩阵
                Console.WriteLine("第二个矩阵为：");
                ShowMatrix(matrix2);//显示第二个矩阵
                Matrix addResult=Matrix.Add(matrix1, matrix2);//矩阵相加                
                Console.WriteLine("矩阵相加结果为：");
                ShowMatrix(addResult);//显示相加结果
                
                Matrix matrix3 = Matrix.Identity;
                Matrix matrix4 = Matrix.Identity;
                matrix3.M12 = 3.5f;
                matrix4.M21 = -2f;
                Console.WriteLine("第一个矩阵为：");
                ShowMatrix(matrix3);//显示第一个矩阵
                Console.WriteLine("第二个矩阵为：");
                ShowMatrix(matrix4);//显示第二个矩阵
                Matrix multiResult = Matrix.Multiply(matrix3, matrix4);//矩阵相乘              
                Console.WriteLine("矩阵相乘结果为:");
                ShowMatrix(multiResult);//显示相乘结果
                Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3(0.0f, 5.0f, 10.0f);
                Vector3 cameraTarget = new Vector3(0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
                Vector3 cameraUpVector = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
                Matrix viewMatrixComp = Matrix.LookAtLH(cameraPosition, cameraTarget, cameraUpVector);
                Console.WriteLine("视图矩阵为:");
                ShowMatrix(viewMatrixComp);//显示视图矩阵
                Vector3 cameraZaxis = Vector3.Normalize(cameraTarget-cameraPosition);
                Vector3 cameraXaxis = Vector3.Normalize(Vector3.Cross(cameraUpVector, cameraZaxis));
                Vector3 cameraYaxis = Vector3.Cross(cameraZaxis, cameraXaxis);
                Matrix viewMatrix=Matrix.Zero;
                viewMatrix.M11 = cameraXaxis.X; viewMatrix.M12 = cameraYaxis.X; viewMatrix.M13 = cameraZaxis.X;
                viewMatrix.M21 = cameraXaxis.Y; viewMatrix.M22 = cameraYaxis.Y; viewMatrix.M23 = cameraZaxis.Y;
                viewMatrix.M31 = cameraXaxis.Z; viewMatrix.M32 = cameraYaxis.Z; viewMatrix.M33 = cameraZaxis.Z;
                viewMatrix.M41 = -Vector3.Dot(cameraXaxis, cameraPosition);
                viewMatrix.M42 = -Vector3.Dot(cameraYaxis, cameraPosition);
                viewMatrix.M43 = -Vector3.Dot(cameraZaxis, cameraPosition);
                viewMatrix.M44 = 1;
                Console.WriteLine("视图矩阵为:");
                ShowMatrix(viewMatrix);//显示视图矩阵
                Matrix projMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, this.Width / this.Height, 1f, 100f);
                Console.WriteLine("投影矩阵为:");
                ShowMatrix(projMatrix);//显示投影矩阵
                Matrix transMatrix = Matrix.Translation(1.5f, 2.1f, -3.2f);
                Console.WriteLine("形成的平移矩阵为:");
                ShowMatrix(transMatrix);//显示平移矩阵
                Matrix rotXMatrix = Matrix.RotationX((float)Math.PI / 4);
                Console.WriteLine("形成的绕X轴旋转45度的矩阵:");
                ShowMatrix(rotXMatrix);//显示旋转矩阵
                Matrix rotAxisMatrix = Matrix.RotationAxis(new Vector3(1f,1f,0f),(float)Math.PI/4);
                Console.WriteLine("形成绕指定轴旋转的矩阵:");
                ShowMatrix(rotAxisMatrix);//显示旋转矩阵
                Matrix scaleMatrix = Matrix.Scaling(1f, 1.5f, 2f);
                Console.WriteLine("形成的缩放矩阵:");
                ShowMatrix(scaleMatrix);//显示缩放矩阵
                Quaternion quat1 = new Quaternion(1f, 2f, 3f, 1f);
                Quaternion quat2 = Quaternion.Identity;
                quat2.RotateAxis(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), (float)Math.PI / 2);
                Console.WriteLine("绕Y轴旋转90°的四元数:X=" + quat2.X.ToString() + ",Y=" + quat2.Y.ToString() + ",Z=" + quat2.Z.ToString() + ",W=" + quat2.W.ToString());
                Matrix quatMatrix = Matrix.RotationQuaternion(quat2);
                Console.WriteLine("由四元数形成的旋转矩阵:");
                ShowMatrix(quatMatrix);
                Matrix rotMatrix = Matrix.RotationAxis(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), (float)Math.PI / 2);
                Console.WriteLine("直接由轴和旋转角形成的旋转矩阵:");
                ShowMatrix(rotMatrix);
                return true;
            }
            catch (DirectXException e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.ToString(), "Error"); //处理异常
                return false;
            }
        }
        public void Render()
        {
            if (device == null)   //如果device为空则不渲染
            {
                return;
            }
            device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0);  //清除windows界面为深蓝色
            device.BeginScene();
            //在此添加渲染图形代码
            /*
            Vector3 eye = new Vector3(0.0f, 5.0f, 10.0f);
            Vector3 at = new Vector3(0.2f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            Vector3 up = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
            Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(eye, at, up);
            Matrix projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, this.Width / this.Height, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
            device.Transform.Projection = projection;
            device.Transform.View = viewMatrix;
            */
            
            //在此添加渲染图形代码
            Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3(0, -10,-20);
            Vector3 cameraTarget = new Vector3(0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
            Vector3 cameraUpVector = new Vector3(0, 1, 0);
            Matrix viewMatrixComp = Matrix.LookAtLH(cameraPosition, cameraTarget, cameraUpVector);
            device.Transform.View = viewMatrixComp;
            Matrix projMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 2, (float)this.Width / this.Height, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
            //device.Transform.Projection = projMatrix;
            Matrix orthoMatrix = Matrix.OrthoLH(40f, 30f, 1f, 1000f);
            device.Transform.Projection = orthoMatrix;
            device.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None;
            device.RenderState.Lighting = false;
            device.RenderState.FillMode = FillMode.Solid;
            CustomVertex.PositionColored[] vertices = new CustomVertex.PositionColored[3];//定义顶点
            vertices[0].Position = new Vector3(0f, 0f, 0f);
            vertices[0].Color = Color.Red.ToArgb();
            vertices[1].Position = new Vector3(5f, 10f, 0f);
            vertices[1].Color = Color.Green.ToArgb();
            vertices[2].Position = new Vector3(10f, 0f, 0f);
            vertices[2].Color = Color.Yellow.ToArgb();
            device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format;
            device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, vertices);
            
            sprite.Begin(SpriteFlags.AlphaBlend);
            Matrix matrix01 = projMatrix;// viewMatrixComp;// Matrix.Identity;
            string matrixString = "";
            matrixString = matrix01.M11.ToString()+"  "+matrix01.M12.ToString() + "  " +
                matrix01.M13.ToString() + "  " + matrix01.M14.ToString() + "n" +
                matrix01.M21.ToString() + "  " + matrix01.M22.ToString() + "  " +
                matrix01.M23.ToString() + "  " + matrix01.M24.ToString() + "n" +
                matrix01.M31.ToString() + "  " + matrix01.M32.ToString() + "  " +
                matrix01.M33.ToString() + "  " + matrix01.M34.ToString() + "n" +
                matrix01.M41.ToString() + "  " + matrix01.M42.ToString() + "  " +
                matrix01.M43.ToString() + "  " + matrix01.M44.ToString() + "n";
            //myFont.DrawText(sprite, matrixString, 200, 100, Color.Yellow);  
          
            //vertices[0].Position.
            //myFont.DrawText(sprite, "□", this.Width / 2, this.Height / 2, Color.Yellow);
            /*
            Vector4 calV1 = new Vector4(0f,0f,0f,1f);
            calV1 =Vector4.Transform(calV1, viewMatrixComp);
            int x1 = (int)(((float)calV1.X*this.Height/(float)(2 * calV1.Z * Math.Tan((float)Math.PI / 4))) + this.Width / 2);
            int y1 = (int)(-calV1.Y * (float)this.Height / (2 * calV1.Z * Math.Tan((float)Math.PI / 4)) + this.Height / 2);
            myFont.DrawText(sprite, "1", x1, y1, Color.Yellow);
            Vector4 calV2 = new Vector4(5f, 10f, 0, 1);
            calV2 = Vector4.Transform(calV2, viewMatrixComp);
            int x2 = (int)(((float)calV2.X * this.Height / (float)(2 * calV2.Z * Math.Tan((float)Math.PI / 4))) + this.Width / 2);
            int y2 = -(int)(calV2.Y * (float)this.Height / (2 * calV2.Z * Math.Tan((float)Math.PI / 4))) + this.Height / 2;
            myFont.DrawText(sprite, "2", x2, y2, Color.Yellow);
            
            Vector4 calV3 = new Vector4(10f, 0f, 0, 1);
            calV3 = Vector4.Transform(calV3, viewMatrixComp);
            int x3 = (int)(((float)calV3.X * this.Height / (float)(2 * calV3.Z * Math.Tan((float)Math.PI / 4))) + this.Width / 2);
            int y3 = (int)(-calV3.Y * (float)this.Height / (2 * calV3.Z * Math.Tan((float)Math.PI / 4)) + this.Height / 2);
            myFont.DrawText(sprite, "3", x3, y3, Color.Yellow);
            Vector4 VectorOP = new Vector4(5f, 10f, 0f, 1f);
            VectorOP = Vector4.Transform(VectorOP, viewMatrixComp);
            VectorOP = Vector4.Transform(VectorOP, projMatrix);
            Matrix ScreenMatrix = Matrix.Zero;
            ScreenMatrix.M11 = ScreenMatrix.M41= (float)this.Width / 2; ScreenMatrix.M22 = -(float)this.Height / 2;
            ScreenMatrix.M42 = (float)this.Height / 2;
            VectorOP = Vector4.Multiply(VectorOP, 1.0f / VectorOP.W);
            VectorOP = Vector4.Transform(VectorOP, ScreenMatrix);
            myFont.DrawText(sprite, "+", (int)VectorOP.X, (int)VectorOP.Y, Color.Yellow);
             */
            Vector4 VectorOPO = new Vector4(5f, 10f, 0f, 1f);
            VectorOPO = Vector4.Transform(VectorOPO, viewMatrixComp);
            VectorOPO = Vector4.Transform(VectorOPO, orthoMatrix);
            Matrix ScreenMatrix = Matrix.Zero;
            ScreenMatrix.M11 = ScreenMatrix.M41 = (float)this.Width / 2; ScreenMatrix.M22 = -(float)this.Height / 2;
            ScreenMatrix.M42 = (float)this.Height / 2;
            VectorOPO = Vector4.Transform(VectorOPO, ScreenMatrix);
            myFont.DrawText(sprite, "+", (int)VectorOPO.X, (int)VectorOPO.Y, Color.Yellow);
            
            sprite.End();
            
            device.EndScene();
            device.Present();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 要显示的矩阵
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="matrix"></param>
        private void ShowMatrix(Matrix matrix)
        {
            string matrixString = "";
            matrixString = matrix.M11.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M12.ToString("F3") + "  " +
                matrix.M13.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M14.ToString("F3") + "n" +
                matrix.M21.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M22.ToString("F3") + "  " +
                matrix.M23.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M24.ToString("F3") + "n" +
                matrix.M31.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M32.ToString("F3") + "  " +
                matrix.M33.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M34.ToString("F3") + "n" +
                matrix.M41.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M42.ToString("F3") + "  " +
                matrix.M43.ToString("F3") + "  " + matrix.M44.ToString("F3") + "n";
            Console.WriteLine(matrixString);
        }
        static void Main()
        {
            MatrixExample MatrixExample = new MatrixExample(); //创建窗体对象
            MatrixExample.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;//设置窗体无框架
            if (MatrixExample.InitializeDirect3D() == false) //检查Direct3D是否启动
            {
                MessageBox.Show("无法启动Direct3D！", "错误！");
                return;
            }
            MatrixExample.Show(); //如果一切都初始化成功，则显示窗体
            while (MatrixExample.Created) //设置一个循环用于实时更新渲染状态
            {
                MatrixExample.Render(); //保持device渲染，直到程序结束
                Application.DoEvents(); //处理键盘鼠标等输入事件
            }
        }
    }
}

						