DirextX编程

开发平台：
C#

CameraTransform.cs：源码内容
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// Copyright (c) 三峡大学水利与环境学院 肖泽云. All rights reserved.  //
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using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Microsoft.DirectX;
using Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D;
namespace 摄像机变换
{
    public partial class CameraTransform : Form
    {
        Device device = null;//定义绘图设备
        private CustomVertex.PositionTextured[] vertices;//定义顶点变量
        private Texture texture;//定义贴图变量
        private Material material;//定义材质变量
        private float angleY=0.01f;//定义绕Y轴旋转变量
        private Vector3 CamPostion = new Vector3(0, 30, -30);//定义摄像机位置
        private Vector3 CamTarget = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);//定义摄像机目标位置
        private int mouseLastX,mouseLastY;//记录鼠标按下时的坐标位置
        private bool isRotateByMouse=false;//记录是否由鼠标控制旋转
        private bool isMoveByMouse = false;//记录是否由鼠标控制移动
        public CameraTransform()
        {
            this.ClientSize = new Size(800, 600);//指定窗体尺寸
            this.Text = "摄像机变换";//指定窗体标题
        }
        public bool InitializeDirect3D()
        {
            try
            {
                PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters();
                presentParams.Windowed = true; //指定以Windows窗体形式显示
                presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; //当前屏幕绘制后它将自动从内存中删除
                device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, presentParams); //实例化device对象
                
                VertexDeclaration();//定义顶点
                LoadTexturesAndMaterials();//导入贴图和材质
                return true;
            }
            catch (DirectXException e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.ToString(), "Error"); //处理异常
                return false;
            }
        }
        private void VertexDeclaration()//定义顶点
        {
            vertices = new CustomVertex.PositionTextured[6];
            vertices[0].Position = new Vector3(10f, 0f, 10f);
            vertices[0].Tu = 1;
            vertices[0].Tv = 0;
            vertices[1].Position = new Vector3(-10f, 0f, -10f);
            vertices[1].Tu = 0;
            vertices[1].Tv = 1;
            vertices[2].Position = new Vector3(10f,0f,-10f);
            vertices[2].Tu = 1;
            vertices[2].Tv = 1;            
            vertices[3].Position = new Vector3(-10f, 0f,-10f);
            vertices[3].Tu = 0;
            vertices[3].Tv = 1;
            vertices[4].Position = new Vector3(10f, 0f, 10f);
            vertices[4].Tu = 1;
            vertices[4].Tv = 0;
            vertices[5].Position = new Vector3(-10f, 0f, 10f);
            vertices[5].Tu = 0;
            vertices[5].Tv = 0;               
        }
        private void LoadTexturesAndMaterials()//导入贴图和材质
        {
            material = new Material();
            material.Diffuse = Color.White;
            material.Specular = Color.LightGray;
            material.SpecularSharpness = 15.0F;
            device.Material = material;
            texture = TextureLoader.FromFile(device, "CTGU.jpg");
        }
        public void Render()
        {
            if (device == null)   //如果device为空则不渲染
            {
                return;
            }
            SetUpCamera();
            device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, Color.DarkSlateBlue, 1.0f, 0);  //清除windows界面为深蓝色
            device.BeginScene();
            //在此添加渲染图形代码
            device.RenderState.CullMode=Cull.None;
            device.RenderState.Lighting = false;
            device.SetTexture(0, texture);//设置贴图
            device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionTextured.Format;
            device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 2, vertices);
            
            device.EndScene();
            device.Present();
        }
        private void SetUpCamera()//摄像机
        {
            //Vector4 tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationY(angleY));
            //CamPostion.X=tempV4.X;CamPostion.Y=tempV4.Y;CamPostion.Z=tempV4.Z;
            //CamPostion = Matrix.RotationQuaternion(new Quaternion(0f, 1f, 0f, angleY));
            
            //Vector4 tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
            //    Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), angleY)));
            //CamPostion.X = tempV4.X; CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y; CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z;
            Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(CamPostion, CamTarget, new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
            device.Transform.Projection = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, this.Width / this.Height, 0.3f, 500f);
            device.Transform.View = viewMatrix;
        }
        protected override void OnKeyDown(KeyEventArgs e)
        {
            Vector4 tempV4;
            Matrix currentView = device.Transform.View;//当前摄像机的视图矩阵
            switch (e.KeyCode)
            {
                case Keys.Left:
                    CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
                    tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
                            Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(currentView.M12, currentView.M22, currentView.M32), -angleY)));
                    CamPostion.X = tempV4.X + CamTarget.X;
                    CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y + CamTarget.Y;
                    CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z + CamTarget.Z;
                    break;
                case Keys.Right:
                    CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
                    tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
                            Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(currentView.M12, currentView.M22, currentView.M32), angleY)));
                    CamPostion.X = tempV4.X + CamTarget.X;
                    CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y + CamTarget.Y;
                    CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z + CamTarget.Z;
                    break;
                case Keys.Up:
                    CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
                    tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
                       Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(device.Transform.View.M11
                       , device.Transform.View.M21, device.Transform.View.M31), -angleY)));
                    CamPostion.X = tempV4.X + CamTarget.X;
                    CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y + CamTarget.Y;
                    CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z + CamTarget.Z;
                    break;
                case Keys.Down:
                    CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
                    tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
                       Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(device.Transform.View.M11
                       , device.Transform.View.M21, device.Transform.View.M31), angleY)));
                    CamPostion.X = tempV4.X + CamTarget.X;
                    CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y + CamTarget.Y;
                    CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z + CamTarget.Z;
                    break;
                case Keys.Add:
                    CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
                    CamPostion.Scale(0.95f);
                    CamPostion.Add(CamTarget);
                    break;
                case Keys.Subtract:
                    CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
                    CamPostion.Scale(1.05f);
                    CamPostion.Add(CamTarget);
                    break;
            }
            Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(CamPostion, CamTarget, new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
            device.Transform.View = viewMatrix;
        }
        protected override void OnMouseDown(MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
            {
                mouseLastX = e.X;
                mouseLastY = e.Y;
                isRotateByMouse = true;
            }
            else if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Middle)
            {
                mouseLastX = e.X;
                mouseLastY = e.Y;
                isMoveByMouse=true;
            }
        }
        
        protected override void OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            //base.OnMouseUp(e);
            /*float tempAngleY = 2*(float)(e.X - mouseLastX) / this.Width;
            Vector4 tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
                Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), tempAngleY)));
            CamPostion.X = tempV4.X; CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y; CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z;
            Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(CamPostion, CamTarget, new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
            device.Transform.View = viewMatrix;
             */
            isRotateByMouse = false;
            isMoveByMouse = false;
        }
        protected override void OnMouseMove(MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (isRotateByMouse)
            {
                Matrix currentView = device.Transform.View;//当前摄像机的视图矩阵
                float tempAngleY = 2 * (float)(e.X - mouseLastX) / this.Width;
                CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
                Vector4 tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
                    Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(currentView.M12, currentView.M22, currentView.M32), tempAngleY)));
                CamPostion.X = tempV4.X;
                CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y;
                CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z;
                float tempAngleX = 4 * (float)(e.Y - mouseLastY) / this.Height;
                tempV4 = Vector3.Transform(CamPostion, Matrix.RotationQuaternion(
                    Quaternion.RotationAxis(new Vector3(currentView.M11, currentView.M21, currentView.M31), tempAngleX)));
                CamPostion.X = tempV4.X + CamTarget.X;
                CamPostion.Y = tempV4.Y + CamTarget.Y;
                CamPostion.Z = tempV4.Z + CamTarget.Z;
                Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(CamPostion, CamTarget, new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
                device.Transform.View = viewMatrix;
                mouseLastX = e.X;
                mouseLastY = e.Y;
            }
            else if (isMoveByMouse)
            {
                Matrix currentView = device.Transform.View;//当前摄像机的视图矩阵
                float moveFactor=0.01f;
                CamTarget.X += -moveFactor * ((e.X - mouseLastX) * currentView.M11 - (e.Y - mouseLastY) * currentView.M12);
                CamTarget.Y += -moveFactor * ((e.X - mouseLastX) * currentView.M21 - (e.Y - mouseLastY) * currentView.M22);
                CamTarget.Z += -moveFactor * ((e.X - mouseLastX) * currentView.M31 - (e.Y - mouseLastY) * currentView.M32);
                CamPostion.X +=- moveFactor * ((e.X - mouseLastX) * currentView.M11 - (e.Y - mouseLastY) * currentView.M12);
                CamPostion.Y += -moveFactor * ((e.X - mouseLastX) * currentView.M21 - (e.Y - mouseLastY) * currentView.M22);
                CamPostion.Z += -moveFactor * ((e.X - mouseLastX) * currentView.M31 - (e.Y - mouseLastY) * currentView.M32);
             
                Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(CamPostion, CamTarget, new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
                device.Transform.View = viewMatrix;
                mouseLastX = e.X;
                mouseLastY = e.Y;
            }
        }
        protected override void OnMouseWheel(MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            float scaleFactor = -(float)e.Delta / 2000 + 1f;
            CamPostion.Subtract(CamTarget);
            CamPostion.Scale(scaleFactor);
            CamPostion.Add(CamTarget);
            Matrix viewMatrix = Matrix.LookAtLH(CamPostion, CamTarget, new Vector3(0, 1, 0));
            device.Transform.View = viewMatrix;
        }
        static void Main()
        {
            CameraTransform CameraTransform = new CameraTransform(); //创建窗体对象
            if (CameraTransform.InitializeDirect3D() == false) //检查Direct3D是否启动
            {
                MessageBox.Show("无法启动Direct3D！", "错误！");
                return;
            }
            CameraTransform.Show(); //如果一切都初始化成功，则显示窗体
            while (CameraTransform.Created) //设置一个循环用于实时更新渲染状态
            {
                CameraTransform.Render(); //保持device渲染，直到程序结束
                //CameraTransform.SetUpCamera();//建立摄像机
                Application.DoEvents(); //处理键盘鼠标等输入事件
            }
        }
    }
}

						