kd_pr_search.cpp
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- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // File: kd_pr_search.cpp
- // Programmer: Sunil Arya and David Mount
- // Description: Priority search for kd-trees
- // Last modified: 01/04/05 (Version 1.0)
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Copyright (c) 1997-2005 University of Maryland and Sunil Arya and
- // David Mount. All Rights Reserved.
- //
- // This software and related documentation is part of the Approximate
- // Nearest Neighbor Library (ANN). This software is provided under
- // the provisions of the Lesser GNU Public License (LGPL). See the
- // file ../ReadMe.txt for further information.
- //
- // The University of Maryland (U.M.) and the authors make no
- // representations about the suitability or fitness of this software for
- // any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
- // warranty.
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // History:
- // Revision 0.1 03/04/98
- // Initial release
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- #include "kd_pr_search.h" // kd priority search declarations
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // Approximate nearest neighbor searching by priority search.
- // The kd-tree is searched for an approximate nearest neighbor.
- // The point is returned through one of the arguments, and the
- // distance returned is the SQUARED distance to this point.
- //
- // The method used for searching the kd-tree is called priority
- // search. (It is described in Arya and Mount, ``Algorithms for
- // fast vector quantization,'' Proc. of DCC '93: Data Compression
- // Conference}, eds. J. A. Storer and M. Cohn, IEEE Press, 1993,
- // 381--390.)
- //
- // The cell of the kd-tree containing the query point is located,
- // and cells are visited in increasing order of distance from the
- // query point. This is done by placing each subtree which has
- // NOT been visited in a priority queue, according to the closest
- // distance of the corresponding enclosing rectangle from the
- // query point. The search stops when the distance to the nearest
- // remaining rectangle exceeds the distance to the nearest point
- // seen by a factor of more than 1/(1+eps). (Implying that any
- // point found subsequently in the search cannot be closer by more
- // than this factor.)
- //
- // The main entry point is annkPriSearch() which sets things up and
- // then call the recursive routine ann_pri_search(). This is a
- // recursive routine which performs the processing for one node in
- // the kd-tree. There are two versions of this virtual procedure,
- // one for splitting nodes and one for leaves. When a splitting node
- // is visited, we determine which child to continue the search on
- // (the closer one), and insert the other child into the priority
- // queue. When a leaf is visited, we compute the distances to the
- // points in the buckets, and update information on the closest
- // points.
- //
- // Some trickery is used to incrementally update the distance from
- // a kd-tree rectangle to the query point. This comes about from
- // the fact that which each successive split, only one component
- // (along the dimension that is split) of the squared distance to
- // the child rectangle is different from the squared distance to
- // the parent rectangle.
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // To keep argument lists short, a number of global variables
- // are maintained which are common to all the recursive calls.
- // These are given below.
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- ANN_THREAD_LOCAL double ANNprEps; // the error bound
- ANN_THREAD_LOCAL int ANNprDim; // dimension of space
- ANN_THREAD_LOCAL ANNpoint ANNprQ; // query point
- ANN_THREAD_LOCAL double ANNprMaxErr; // max tolerable squared error
- ANN_THREAD_LOCAL ANNpointArray ANNprPts; // the points
- ANN_THREAD_LOCAL ANNpr_queue *ANNprBoxPQ; // priority queue for boxes
- ANN_THREAD_LOCAL ANNmin_k *ANNprPointMK; // set of k closest points
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // annkPriSearch - priority search for k nearest neighbors
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- void ANNkd_tree::annkPriSearch(
- ANNpoint q, // query point
- int k, // number of near neighbors to return
- ANNidxArray nn_idx, // nearest neighbor indices (returned)
- ANNdistArray dd, // dist to near neighbors (returned)
- double eps) // error bound (ignored)
- {
- // max tolerable squared error
- ANNprMaxErr = ANN_POW(1.0 + eps);
- ANN_FLOP(2) // increment floating ops
- ANNprDim = dim; // copy arguments to static equivs
- ANNprQ = q;
- ANNprPts = pts;
- ANNptsVisited = 0; // initialize count of points visited
- ANNprPointMK = new ANNmin_k(k); // create set for closest k points
- // distance to root box
- ANNdist box_dist = annBoxDistance(q,
- bnd_box_lo, bnd_box_hi, dim);
- ANNprBoxPQ = new ANNpr_queue(n_pts);// create priority queue for boxes
- ANNprBoxPQ->insert(box_dist, root); // insert root in priority queue
- while (ANNprBoxPQ->non_empty() &&
- (!(ANNmaxPtsVisited != 0 && ANNptsVisited > ANNmaxPtsVisited))) {
- ANNkd_ptr np; // next box from prior queue
- // extract closest box from queue
- ANNprBoxPQ->extr_min(box_dist, (void *&) np);
- ANN_FLOP(2) // increment floating ops
- if (box_dist*ANNprMaxErr >= ANNprPointMK->max_key())
- break;
- np->ann_pri_search(box_dist); // search this subtree.
- }
- for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { // extract the k-th closest points
- dd[i] = ANNprPointMK->ith_smallest_key(i);
- nn_idx[i] = ANNprPointMK->ith_smallest_info(i);
- }
- delete ANNprPointMK; // deallocate closest point set
- delete ANNprBoxPQ; // deallocate priority queue
- }
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // kd_split::ann_pri_search - search a splitting node
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- void ANNkd_split::ann_pri_search(ANNdist box_dist)
- {
- ANNdist new_dist; // distance to child visited later
- // distance to cutting plane
- ANNcoord cut_diff = ANNprQ[cut_dim] - cut_val;
- if (cut_diff < 0) { // left of cutting plane
- ANNcoord box_diff = cd_bnds[ANN_LO] - ANNprQ[cut_dim];
- if (box_diff < 0) // within bounds - ignore
- box_diff = 0;
- // distance to further box
- new_dist = (ANNdist) ANN_SUM(box_dist,
- ANN_DIFF(ANN_POW(box_diff), ANN_POW(cut_diff)));
- if (child[ANN_HI] != KD_TRIVIAL)// enqueue if not trivial
- ANNprBoxPQ->insert(new_dist, child[ANN_HI]);
- // continue with closer child
- child[ANN_LO]->ann_pri_search(box_dist);
- }
- else { // right of cutting plane
- ANNcoord box_diff = ANNprQ[cut_dim] - cd_bnds[ANN_HI];
- if (box_diff < 0) // within bounds - ignore
- box_diff = 0;
- // distance to further box
- new_dist = (ANNdist) ANN_SUM(box_dist,
- ANN_DIFF(ANN_POW(box_diff), ANN_POW(cut_diff)));
- if (child[ANN_LO] != KD_TRIVIAL)// enqueue if not trivial
- ANNprBoxPQ->insert(new_dist, child[ANN_LO]);
- // continue with closer child
- child[ANN_HI]->ann_pri_search(box_dist);
- }
- ANN_SPL(1) // one more splitting node visited
- ANN_FLOP(8) // increment floating ops
- }
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- // kd_leaf::ann_pri_search - search points in a leaf node
- //
- // This is virtually identical to the ann_search for standard search.
- //----------------------------------------------------------------------
- void ANNkd_leaf::ann_pri_search(ANNdist)
- {
- register ANNdist dist; // distance to data point
- register ANNcoord* pp; // data coordinate pointer
- register ANNcoord* qq; // query coordinate pointer
- register ANNdist min_dist; // distance to k-th closest point
- register ANNcoord t;
- register int d;
- min_dist = ANNprPointMK->max_key(); // k-th smallest distance so far
- for (int i = 0; i < n_pts; i++) { // check points in bucket
- pp = ANNprPts[bkt[i]]; // first coord of next data point
- qq = ANNprQ; // first coord of query point
- dist = 0;
- for(d = 0; d < ANNprDim; d++) {
- ANN_COORD(1) // one more coordinate hit
- ANN_FLOP(4) // increment floating ops
- t = *(qq++) - *(pp++); // compute length and adv coordinate
- // exceeds dist to k-th smallest?
- if( (dist = ANN_SUM(dist, ANN_POW(t))) > min_dist) {
- break;
- }
- }
- if (d >= ANNprDim && // among the k best?
- (ANN_ALLOW_SELF_MATCH || dist!=0)) { // and no self-match problem
- // add it to the list
- ANNprPointMK->insert(dist, bkt[i]);
- min_dist = ANNprPointMK->max_key();
- }
- }
- ANN_LEAF(1) // one more leaf node visited
- ANN_PTS(n_pts) // increment points visited
- ANNptsVisited += n_pts; // increment number of points visited
- }