perfsqr.c
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- /* mpn_perfect_square_p(u,usize) -- Return non-zero if U is a perfect square,
- zero otherwise.
- Copyright 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005 Free Software
- Foundation, Inc.
- This file is part of the GNU MP Library.
- The GNU MP Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
- option) any later version.
- The GNU MP Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public
- License for more details.
- You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
- along with the GNU MP Library. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/. */
- #include <stdio.h> /* for NULL */
- #include "gmp.h"
- #include "gmp-impl.h"
- #include "longlong.h"
- #include "perfsqr.h"
- /* change this to "#define TRACE(x) x" for diagnostics */
- #define TRACE(x)
- /* PERFSQR_MOD_* detects non-squares using residue tests.
- A macro PERFSQR_MOD_TEST is setup by gen-psqr.c in perfsqr.h. It takes
- {up,usize} modulo a selected modulus to get a remainder r. For 32-bit or
- 64-bit limbs this modulus will be 2^24-1 or 2^48-1 using PERFSQR_MOD_34,
- or for other limb or nail sizes a PERFSQR_PP is chosen and PERFSQR_MOD_PP
- used. PERFSQR_PP_NORM and PERFSQR_PP_INVERTED are pre-calculated in this
- case too.
- PERFSQR_MOD_TEST then makes various calls to PERFSQR_MOD_1 or
- PERFSQR_MOD_2 with divisors d which are factors of the modulus, and table
- data indicating residues and non-residues modulo those divisors. The
- table data is in 1 or 2 limbs worth of bits respectively, per the size of
- each d.
- A "modexact" style remainder is taken to reduce r modulo d.
- PERFSQR_MOD_IDX implements this, producing an index "idx" for use with
- the table data. Notice there's just one multiplication by a constant
- "inv", for each d.
- The modexact doesn't produce a true r%d remainder, instead idx satisfies
- "-(idx<<PERFSQR_MOD_BITS) == r mod d". Because d is odd, this factor
- -2^PERFSQR_MOD_BITS is a one-to-one mapping between r and idx, and is
- accounted for by having the table data suitably permuted.
- The remainder r fits within PERFSQR_MOD_BITS which is less than a limb.
- In fact the GMP_LIMB_BITS - PERFSQR_MOD_BITS spare bits are enough to fit
- each divisor d meaning the modexact multiply can take place entirely
- within one limb, giving the compiler the chance to optimize it, in a way
- that say umul_ppmm would not give.
- There's no need for the divisors d to be prime, in fact gen-psqr.c makes
- a deliberate effort to combine factors so as to reduce the number of
- separate tests done on r. But such combining is limited to d <=
- 2*GMP_LIMB_BITS so that the table data fits in at most 2 limbs.
- Alternatives:
- It'd be possible to use bigger divisors d, and more than 2 limbs of table
- data, but this doesn't look like it would be of much help to the prime
- factors in the usual moduli 2^24-1 or 2^48-1.
- The moduli 2^24-1 or 2^48-1 are nothing particularly special, they're
- just easy to calculate (see mpn_mod_34lsub1) and have a nice set of prime
- factors. 2^32-1 and 2^64-1 would be equally easy to calculate, but have
- fewer prime factors.
- The nails case usually ends up using mpn_mod_1, which is a lot slower
- than mpn_mod_34lsub1. Perhaps other such special moduli could be found
- for the nails case. Two-term things like 2^30-2^15-1 might be
- candidates. Or at worst some on-the-fly de-nailing would allow the plain
- 2^24-1 to be used. Currently nails are too preliminary to be worried
- about.
- */
- #define PERFSQR_MOD_MASK ((CNST_LIMB(1) << PERFSQR_MOD_BITS) - 1)
- #define MOD34_BITS (GMP_NUMB_BITS / 4 * 3)
- #define MOD34_MASK ((CNST_LIMB(1) << MOD34_BITS) - 1)
- #define PERFSQR_MOD_34(r, up, usize)
- do {
- (r) = mpn_mod_34lsub1 (up, usize);
- (r) = ((r) & MOD34_MASK) + ((r) >> MOD34_BITS);
- } while (0)
- /* FIXME: The %= here isn't good, and might destroy any savings from keeping
- the PERFSQR_MOD_IDX stuff within a limb (rather than needing umul_ppmm).
- Maybe a new sort of mpn_preinv_mod_1 could accept an unnormalized divisor
- and a shift count, like mpn_preinv_divrem_1. But mod_34lsub1 is our
- normal case, so lets not worry too much about mod_1. */
- #define PERFSQR_MOD_PP(r, up, usize)
- do {
- if (BELOW_THRESHOLD (usize, PREINV_MOD_1_TO_MOD_1_THRESHOLD))
- {
- (r) = mpn_preinv_mod_1 (up, usize, PERFSQR_PP_NORM,
- PERFSQR_PP_INVERTED);
- (r) %= PERFSQR_PP;
- }
- else
- {
- (r) = mpn_mod_1 (up, usize, PERFSQR_PP);
- }
- } while (0)
- #define PERFSQR_MOD_IDX(idx, r, d, inv)
- do {
- mp_limb_t q;
- ASSERT ((r) <= PERFSQR_MOD_MASK);
- ASSERT ((((inv) * (d)) & PERFSQR_MOD_MASK) == 1);
- ASSERT (MP_LIMB_T_MAX / (d) >= PERFSQR_MOD_MASK);
-
- q = ((r) * (inv)) & PERFSQR_MOD_MASK;
- ASSERT (r == ((q * (d)) & PERFSQR_MOD_MASK));
- (idx) = (q * (d)) >> PERFSQR_MOD_BITS;
- } while (0)
- #define PERFSQR_MOD_1(r, d, inv, mask)
- do {
- unsigned idx;
- ASSERT ((d) <= GMP_LIMB_BITS);
- PERFSQR_MOD_IDX(idx, r, d, inv);
- TRACE (printf (" PERFSQR_MOD_1 d=%u r=%lu idx=%un",
- d, r%d, idx));
- if ((((mask) >> idx) & 1) == 0)
- {
- TRACE (printf (" non-squaren"));
- return 0;
- }
- } while (0)
- /* The expression "(int) idx - GMP_LIMB_BITS < 0" lets the compiler use the
- sign bit from "idx-GMP_LIMB_BITS", which might help avoid a branch. */
- #define PERFSQR_MOD_2(r, d, inv, mhi, mlo)
- do {
- mp_limb_t m;
- unsigned idx;
- ASSERT ((d) <= 2*GMP_LIMB_BITS);
-
- PERFSQR_MOD_IDX (idx, r, d, inv);
- TRACE (printf (" PERFSQR_MOD_2 d=%u r=%lu idx=%un",
- d, r%d, idx));
- m = ((int) idx - GMP_LIMB_BITS < 0 ? (mlo) : (mhi));
- idx %= GMP_LIMB_BITS;
- if (((m >> idx) & 1) == 0)
- {
- TRACE (printf (" non-squaren"));
- return 0;
- }
- } while (0)
- int
- mpn_perfect_square_p (mp_srcptr up, mp_size_t usize)
- {
- ASSERT (usize >= 1);
- TRACE (gmp_printf ("mpn_perfect_square_p %Ndn", up, usize));
- /* The first test excludes 212/256 (82.8%) of the perfect square candidates
- in O(1) time. */
- {
- unsigned idx = up[0] % 0x100;
- if (((sq_res_0x100[idx / GMP_LIMB_BITS]
- >> (idx % GMP_LIMB_BITS)) & 1) == 0)
- return 0;
- }
- #if 0
- /* Check that we have even multiplicity of 2, and then check that the rest is
- a possible perfect square. Leave disabled until we can determine this
- really is an improvement. It it is, it could completely replace the
- simple probe above, since this should through out more non-squares, but at
- the expense of somewhat more cycles. */
- {
- mp_limb_t lo;
- int cnt;
- lo = up[0];
- while (lo == 0)
- up++, lo = up[0], usize--;
- count_trailing_zeros (cnt, lo);
- if ((cnt & 1) != 0)
- return 0; /* return of not even multiplicity of 2 */
- lo >>= cnt; /* shift down to align lowest non-zero bit */
- lo >>= 1; /* shift away lowest non-zero bit */
- if ((lo & 3) != 0)
- return 0;
- }
- #endif
- /* The second test uses mpn_mod_34lsub1 or mpn_mod_1 to detect non-squares
- according to their residues modulo small primes (or powers of
- primes). See perfsqr.h. */
- PERFSQR_MOD_TEST (up, usize);
- /* For the third and last test, we finally compute the square root,
- to make sure we've really got a perfect square. */
- {
- mp_ptr root_ptr;
- int res;
- TMP_DECL;
- TMP_MARK;
- root_ptr = TMP_ALLOC_LIMBS ((usize + 1) / 2);
- /* Iff mpn_sqrtrem returns zero, the square is perfect. */
- res = ! mpn_sqrtrem (root_ptr, NULL, up, usize);
- TMP_FREE;
- return res;
- }
- }