Standard Error Bands (Native AFL).afl
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上传日期:2009-06-12
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- //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- //
- // Formula Name: Standard Error Bands (Native AFL)
- // Author/Uploader: William Peters
- // E-mail: williampeters@sympatico.ca
- // Date/Time Added: 2003-12-20 19:04:15
- // Origin: Mr. Jon Andersen
- // Keywords: Standard Error Bands
- // Level: medium
- // Flags: indicator
- // Formula URL: http://www.amibroker.com/library/formula.php?id=317
- // Details URL: http://www.amibroker.com/library/detail.php?id=317
- //
- //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- //
- // Description:
- //
- // Standard Error Bands are a type of envelope developed by Jon Andersen. They
- // are similar to Bollinger Bands in appearance, but they are calculated and
- // interpreted quite differently. Where Bollinger Bands are plotted at
- // standard deviation levels above and below a moving average, Standard Error
- // Bands are plotted at standard error levels above and below a linear
- // regression plot.
- //
- // Interpretation:
- //
- // When using Standard Error Bands, you are required to enter the number of
- // periods in the bands. Mr. Andersen recommends default values of "21" for
- // the number of periods, a 3-day simple moving average for the smoothing, and
- // "2" standard errors. He also notes that very short time frames tend to
- // produce unreliable results.
- //
- // These interpretational comments refer to bands on the security's closing
- // price.
- //
- // Because the spacing between Standard Error Bands is based on the standard
- // error of the security, the bands widen when the volatility around the
- // current trend increases, and contract when volatility around the current
- // trend decreases.
- //
- // Since Standard Error Bands are statistically based, other statistical
- // indicators such as r-squared, Standard Error, Linear Regression, etc. work
- // well for trade confirmation.
- //
- // Mr. Andersen notes the following characteristics of Standard Error Bands.
- //
- // - Tight bands are an indication of a strong trend.
- //
- // - Prices tend to bounce between the bands when the bands are wide.
- //
- // - Tight bands followed by a widening of the bands may indicate the
- // exhaustion of a trend and a possible reversal.
- //
- // - When the bands reverse direction after an exhausted trend, prices tend to
- // move in the direction of the bands.
- //
- // - The r-squared indicator works well in combination with Standard Error
- // Bands. A high r-squared value combined with tight bands confirms a strong
- // trend. A low r-squared value combined with wide bands confirms that prices
- // are consolidating.
- //
- //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- /* Standard Error Bands */
- Periods = Param("Standard Error", 18, 1, 100, 1);
- function SteBand( array, periods, upper )
- {
- Lr = LinearReg( array, periods );
- se = StdErr( array, periods );
- return LR + IIf( upper, 1, -1 ) * 2 * se;
- }
- upperstderrband = SteBand( C, Periods, True );
- lowerstderrband = SteBand( C, Periods, False );
- midstderrband = (upperstderrband + lowerstderrband )/2;
- Plot( Close, "Close", colorBlack, styleCandle );
- Plot( upperstderrband , "upperstderrband ", colorGreen, 4 );
- Plot( lowerstderrband , "lowerstderrband ", colorRed, 4 );
- Plot( midstderrband , "midstderrband ", colorBlack , styleLine);
- GraphXSpace = 3;