rfc822.txt
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- RFC # 822
- Obsoletes: RFC #733 (NIC #41952)
- STANDARD FOR THE FORMAT OF
- ARPA INTERNET TEXT MESSAGES
- August 13, 1982
- Revised by
- David H. Crocker
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering
- University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711
- Network: DCrocker @ UDel-Relay
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- TABLE OF CONTENTS
- PREFACE .................................................... ii
- 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1
- 1.1. Scope ............................................ 1
- 1.2. Communication Framework .......................... 2
- 2. NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS ................................. 3
- 3. LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF MESSAGES ........................... 5
- 3.1. General Description .............................. 5
- 3.2. Header Field Definitions ......................... 9
- 3.3. Lexical Tokens ................................... 10
- 3.4. Clarifications ................................... 11
- 4. MESSAGE SPECIFICATION .................................. 17
- 4.1. Syntax ........................................... 17
- 4.2. Forwarding ....................................... 19
- 4.3. Trace Fields ..................................... 20
- 4.4. Originator Fields ................................ 21
- 4.5. Receiver Fields .................................. 23
- 4.6. Reference Fields ................................. 23
- 4.7. Other Fields ..................................... 24
- 5. DATE AND TIME SPECIFICATION ............................ 26
- 5.1. Syntax ........................................... 26
- 5.2. Semantics ........................................ 26
- 6. ADDRESS SPECIFICATION .................................. 27
- 6.1. Syntax ........................................... 27
- 6.2. Semantics ........................................ 27
- 6.3. Reserved Address ................................. 33
- 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................... 34
- APPENDIX
- A. EXAMPLES ............................................... 36
- B. SIMPLE FIELD PARSING ................................... 40
- C. DIFFERENCES FROM RFC #733 .............................. 41
- D. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SYNTAX RULES ................... 44
- August 13, 1982 - i - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- PREFACE
- By 1977, the Arpanet employed several informal standards for
- the text messages (mail) sent among its host computers. It was
- felt necessary to codify these practices and provide for those
- features that seemed imminent. The result of that effort was
- Request for Comments (RFC) #733, "Standard for the Format of ARPA
- Network Text Message", by Crocker, Vittal, Pogran, and Henderson.
- The specification attempted to avoid major changes in existing
- software, while permitting several new features.
- This document revises the specifications in RFC #733, in
- order to serve the needs of the larger and more complex ARPA
- Internet. Some of RFC #733's features failed to gain adequate
- acceptance. In order to simplify the standard and the software
- that follows it, these features have been removed. A different
- addressing scheme is used, to handle the case of inter-network
- mail; and the concept of re-transmission has been introduced.
- This specification is intended for use in the ARPA Internet.
- However, an attempt has been made to free it of any dependence on
- that environment, so that it can be applied to other network text
- message systems.
- The specification of RFC #733 took place over the course of
- one year, using the ARPANET mail environment, itself, to provide
- an on-going forum for discussing the capabilities to be included.
- More than twenty individuals, from across the country, partici-
- pated in the original discussion. The development of this
- revised specification has, similarly, utilized network mail-based
- group discussion. Both specification efforts greatly benefited
- from the comments and ideas of the participants.
- The syntax of the standard, in RFC #733, was originally
- specified in the Backus-Naur Form (BNF) meta-language. Ken L.
- Harrenstien, of SRI International, was responsible for re-coding
- the BNF into an augmented BNF that makes the representation
- smaller and easier to understand.
- August 13, 1982 - ii - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- 1.1. SCOPE
- This standard specifies a syntax for text messages that are
- sent among computer users, within the framework of "electronic
- mail". The standard supersedes the one specified in ARPANET
- Request for Comments #733, "Standard for the Format of ARPA Net-
- work Text Messages".
- In this context, messages are viewed as having an envelope
- and contents. The envelope contains whatever information is
- needed to accomplish transmission and delivery. The contents
- compose the object to be delivered to the recipient. This stan-
- dard applies only to the format and some of the semantics of mes-
- sage contents. It contains no specification of the information
- in the envelope.
- However, some message systems may use information from the
- contents to create the envelope. It is intended that this stan-
- dard facilitate the acquisition of such information by programs.
- Some message systems may store messages in formats that
- differ from the one specified in this standard. This specifica-
- tion is intended strictly as a definition of what message content
- format is to be passed BETWEEN hosts.
- Note: This standard is NOT intended to dictate the internal for-
- mats used by sites, the specific message system features
- that they are expected to support, or any of the charac-
- teristics of user interface programs that create or read
- messages.
- A distinction should be made between what the specification
- REQUIRES and what it ALLOWS. Messages can be made complex and
- rich with formally-structured components of information or can be
- kept small and simple, with a minimum of such information. Also,
- the standard simplifies the interpretation of differing visual
- formats in messages; only the visual aspect of a message is
- affected and not the interpretation of information within it.
- Implementors may choose to retain such visual distinctions.
- The formal definition is divided into four levels. The bot-
- tom level describes the meta-notation used in this document. The
- second level describes basic lexical analyzers that feed tokens
- to higher-level parsers. Next is an overall specification for
- messages; it permits distinguishing individual fields. Finally,
- there is definition of the contents of several structured fields.
- August 13, 1982 - 1 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 1.2. COMMUNICATION FRAMEWORK
- Messages consist of lines of text. No special provisions
- are made for encoding drawings, facsimile, speech, or structured
- text. No significant consideration has been given to questions
- of data compression or to transmission and storage efficiency,
- and the standard tends to be free with the number of bits con-
- sumed. For example, field names are specified as free text,
- rather than special terse codes.
- A general "memo" framework is used. That is, a message con-
- sists of some information in a rigid format, followed by the main
- part of the message, with a format that is not specified in this
- document. The syntax of several fields of the rigidly-formated
- ("headers") section is defined in this specification; some of
- these fields must be included in all messages.
- The syntax that distinguishes between header fields is
- specified separately from the internal syntax for particular
- fields. This separation is intended to allow simple parsers to
- operate on the general structure of messages, without concern for
- the detailed structure of individual header fields. Appendix B
- is provided to facilitate construction of these parsers.
- In addition to the fields specified in this document, it is
- expected that other fields will gain common use. As necessary,
- the specifications for these "extension-fields" will be published
- through the same mechanism used to publish this document. Users
- may also wish to extend the set of fields that they use
- privately. Such "user-defined fields" are permitted.
- The framework severely constrains document tone and appear-
- ance and is primarily useful for most intra-organization communi-
- cations and well-structured inter-organization communication.
- It also can be used for some types of inter-process communica-
- tion, such as simple file transfer and remote job entry. A more
- robust framework might allow for multi-font, multi-color, multi-
- dimension encoding of information. A less robust one, as is
- present in most single-machine message systems, would more
- severely constrain the ability to add fields and the decision to
- include specific fields. In contrast with paper-based communica-
- tion, it is interesting to note that the RECEIVER of a message
- can exercise an extraordinary amount of control over the
- message's appearance. The amount of actual control available to
- message receivers is contingent upon the capabilities of their
- individual message systems.
- August 13, 1982 - 2 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 2. NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS
- This specification uses an augmented Backus-Naur Form (BNF)
- notation. The differences from standard BNF involve naming rules
- and indicating repetition and "local" alternatives.
- 2.1. RULE NAMING
- Angle brackets ("<", ">") are not used, in general. The
- name of a rule is simply the name itself, rather than "<name>".
- Quotation-marks enclose literal text (which may be upper and/or
- lower case). Certain basic rules are in uppercase, such as
- SPACE, TAB, CRLF, DIGIT, ALPHA, etc. Angle brackets are used in
- rule definitions, and in the rest of this document, whenever
- their presence will facilitate discerning the use of rule names.
- 2.2. RULE1 / RULE2: ALTERNATIVES
- Elements separated by slash ("/") are alternatives. There-
- fore "foo / bar" will accept foo or bar.
- 2.3. (RULE1 RULE2): LOCAL ALTERNATIVES
- Elements enclosed in parentheses are treated as a single
- element. Thus, "(elem (foo / bar) elem)" allows the token
- sequences "elem foo elem" and "elem bar elem".
- 2.4. *RULE: REPETITION
- The character "*" preceding an element indicates repetition.
- The full form is:
- <l>*<m>element
- indicating at least <l> and at most <m> occurrences of element.
- Default values are 0 and infinity so that "*(element)" allows any
- number, including zero; "1*element" requires at least one; and
- "1*2element" allows one or two.
- 2.5. [RULE]: OPTIONAL
- Square brackets enclose optional elements; "[foo bar]" is
- equivalent to "*1(foo bar)".
- 2.6. NRULE: SPECIFIC REPETITION
- "<n>(element)" is equivalent to "<n>*<n>(element)"; that is,
- exactly <n> occurrences of (element). Thus 2DIGIT is a 2-digit
- number, and 3ALPHA is a string of three alphabetic characters.
- August 13, 1982 - 3 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 2.7. #RULE: LISTS
- A construct "#" is defined, similar to "*", as follows:
- <l>#<m>element
- indicating at least <l> and at most <m> elements, each separated
- by one or more commas (","). This makes the usual form of lists
- very easy; a rule such as '(element *("," element))' can be shown
- as "1#element". Wherever this construct is used, null elements
- are allowed, but do not contribute to the count of elements
- present. That is, "(element),,(element)" is permitted, but
- counts as only two elements. Therefore, where at least one ele-
- ment is required, at least one non-null element must be present.
- Default values are 0 and infinity so that "#(element)" allows any
- number, including zero; "1#element" requires at least one; and
- "1#2element" allows one or two.
- 2.8. ; COMMENTS
- A semi-colon, set off some distance to the right of rule
- text, starts a comment that continues to the end of line. This
- is a simple way of including useful notes in parallel with the
- specifications.
- August 13, 1982 - 4 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 3. LEXICAL ANALYSIS OF MESSAGES
- 3.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
- A message consists of header fields and, optionally, a body.
- The body is simply a sequence of lines containing ASCII charac-
- ters. It is separated from the headers by a null line (i.e., a
- line with nothing preceding the CRLF).
- 3.1.1. LONG HEADER FIELDS
- Each header field can be viewed as a single, logical line of
- ASCII characters, comprising a field-name and a field-body.
- For convenience, the field-body portion of this conceptual
- entity can be split into a multiple-line representation; this
- is called "folding". The general rule is that wherever there
- may be linear-white-space (NOT simply LWSP-chars), a CRLF
- immediately followed by AT LEAST one LWSP-char may instead be
- inserted. Thus, the single line
- To: "Joe & J. Harvey" <ddd @Org>, JJV @ BBN
- can be represented as:
- To: "Joe & J. Harvey" <ddd @ Org>,
- JJV@BBN
- and
- To: "Joe & J. Harvey"
- <ddd@ Org>, JJV
- @BBN
- and
- To: "Joe &
- J. Harvey" <ddd @ Org>, JJV @ BBN
- The process of moving from this folded multiple-line
- representation of a header field to its single line represen-
- tation is called "unfolding". Unfolding is accomplished by
- regarding CRLF immediately followed by a LWSP-char as
- equivalent to the LWSP-char.
- Note: While the standard permits folding wherever linear-
- white-space is permitted, it is recommended that struc-
- tured fields, such as those containing addresses, limit
- folding to higher-level syntactic breaks. For address
- fields, it is recommended that such folding occur
- August 13, 1982 - 5 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- between addresses, after the separating comma.
- 3.1.2. STRUCTURE OF HEADER FIELDS
- Once a field has been unfolded, it may be viewed as being com-
- posed of a field-name followed by a colon (":"), followed by a
- field-body, and terminated by a carriage-return/line-feed.
- The field-name must be composed of printable ASCII characters
- (i.e., characters that have values between 33. and 126.,
- decimal, except colon). The field-body may be composed of any
- ASCII characters, except CR or LF. (While CR and/or LF may be
- present in the actual text, they are removed by the action of
- unfolding the field.)
- Certain field-bodies of headers may be interpreted according
- to an internal syntax that some systems may wish to parse.
- These fields are called "structured fields". Examples
- include fields containing dates and addresses. Other fields,
- such as "Subject" and "Comments", are regarded simply as
- strings of text.
- Note: Any field which has a field-body that is defined as
- other than simply <text> is to be treated as a struc-
- tured field.
- Field-names, unstructured field bodies and structured
- field bodies each are scanned by their own, independent
- "lexical" analyzers.
- 3.1.3. UNSTRUCTURED FIELD BODIES
- For some fields, such as "Subject" and "Comments", no struc-
- turing is assumed, and they are treated simply as <text>s, as
- in the message body. Rules of folding apply to these fields,
- so that such field bodies which occupy several lines must
- therefore have the second and successive lines indented by at
- least one LWSP-char.
- 3.1.4. STRUCTURED FIELD BODIES
- To aid in the creation and reading of structured fields, the
- free insertion of linear-white-space (which permits folding
- by inclusion of CRLFs) is allowed between lexical tokens.
- Rather than obscuring the syntax specifications for these
- structured fields with explicit syntax for this linear-white-
- space, the existence of another "lexical" analyzer is assumed.
- This analyzer does not apply for unstructured field bodies
- that are simply strings of text, as described above. The
- analyzer provides an interpretation of the unfolded text
- August 13, 1982 - 6 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- composing the body of the field as a sequence of lexical sym-
- bols.
- These symbols are:
- - individual special characters
- - quoted-strings
- - domain-literals
- - comments
- - atoms
- The first four of these symbols are self-delimiting. Atoms
- are not; they are delimited by the self-delimiting symbols and
- by linear-white-space. For the purposes of regenerating
- sequences of atoms and quoted-strings, exactly one SPACE is
- assumed to exist, and should be used, between them. (Also, in
- the "Clarifications" section on "White Space", below, note the
- rules about treatment of multiple contiguous LWSP-chars.)
- So, for example, the folded body of an address field
- ":sysmail"@ Some-Group. Some-Org,
- Muhammed.(I am the greatest) Ali @(the)Vegas.WBA
- August 13, 1982 - 7 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- is analyzed into the following lexical symbols and types:
- :sysmail quoted string
- @ special
- Some-Group atom
- . special
- Some-Org atom
- , special
- Muhammed atom
- . special
- (I am the greatest) comment
- Ali atom
- @ atom
- (the) comment
- Vegas atom
- . special
- WBA atom
- The canonical representations for the data in these addresses
- are the following strings:
- ":sysmail"@Some-Group.Some-Org
- and
- Muhammed.Ali@Vegas.WBA
- Note: For purposes of display, and when passing such struc-
- tured information to other systems, such as mail proto-
- col services, there must be NO linear-white-space
- between <word>s that are separated by period (".") or
- at-sign ("@") and exactly one SPACE between all other
- <word>s. Also, headers should be in a folded form.
- August 13, 1982 - 8 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 3.2. HEADER FIELD DEFINITIONS
- These rules show a field meta-syntax, without regard for the
- particular type or internal syntax. Their purpose is to permit
- detection of fields; also, they present to higher-level parsers
- an image of each field as fitting on one line.
- field = field-name ":" [ field-body ] CRLF
- field-name = 1*<any CHAR, excluding CTLs, SPACE, and ":">
- field-body = field-body-contents
- [CRLF LWSP-char field-body]
- field-body-contents =
- <the ASCII characters making up the field-body, as
- defined in the following sections, and consisting
- of combinations of atom, quoted-string, and
- specials tokens, or else consisting of texts>
- August 13, 1982 - 9 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 3.3. LEXICAL TOKENS
- The following rules are used to define an underlying lexical
- analyzer, which feeds tokens to higher level parsers. See the
- ANSI references, in the Bibliography.
- ; ( Octal, Decimal.)
- CHAR = <any ASCII character> ; ( 0-177, 0.-127.)
- ALPHA = <any ASCII alphabetic character>
- ; (101-132, 65.- 90.)
- ; (141-172, 97.-122.)
- DIGIT = <any ASCII decimal digit> ; ( 60- 71, 48.- 57.)
- CTL = <any ASCII control ; ( 0- 37, 0.- 31.)
- character and DEL> ; ( 177, 127.)
- CR = <ASCII CR, carriage return> ; ( 15, 13.)
- LF = <ASCII LF, linefeed> ; ( 12, 10.)
- SPACE = <ASCII SP, space> ; ( 40, 32.)
- HTAB = <ASCII HT, horizontal-tab> ; ( 11, 9.)
- <"> = <ASCII quote mark> ; ( 42, 34.)
- CRLF = CR LF
- LWSP-char = SPACE / HTAB ; semantics = SPACE
- linear-white-space = 1*([CRLF] LWSP-char) ; semantics = SPACE
- ; CRLF => folding
- specials = "(" / ")" / "<" / ">" / "@" ; Must be in quoted-
- / "," / ";" / ":" / "" / <"> ; string, to use
- / "." / "[" / "]" ; within a word.
- delimiters = specials / linear-white-space / comment
- text = <any CHAR, including bare ; => atoms, specials,
- CR & bare LF, but NOT ; comments and
- including CRLF> ; quoted-strings are
- ; NOT recognized.
- atom = 1*<any CHAR except specials, SPACE and CTLs>
- quoted-string = <"> *(qtext/quoted-pair) <">; Regular qtext or
- ; quoted chars.
- qtext = <any CHAR excepting <">, ; => may be folded
- "" & CR, and including
- linear-white-space>
- domain-literal = "[" *(dtext / quoted-pair) "]"
- August 13, 1982 - 10 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- dtext = <any CHAR excluding "[", ; => may be folded
- "]", "" & CR, & including
- linear-white-space>
- comment = "(" *(ctext / quoted-pair / comment) ")"
- ctext = <any CHAR excluding "(", ; => may be folded
- ")", "" & CR, & including
- linear-white-space>
- quoted-pair = "" CHAR ; may quote any char
- phrase = 1*word ; Sequence of words
- word = atom / quoted-string
- 3.4. CLARIFICATIONS
- 3.4.1. QUOTING
- Some characters are reserved for special interpretation, such
- as delimiting lexical tokens. To permit use of these charac-
- ters as uninterpreted data, a quoting mechanism is provided.
- To quote a character, precede it with a backslash ("").
- This mechanism is not fully general. Characters may be quoted
- only within a subset of the lexical constructs. In particu-
- lar, quoting is limited to use within:
- - quoted-string
- - domain-literal
- - comment
- Within these constructs, quoting is REQUIRED for CR and ""
- and for the character(s) that delimit the token (e.g., "(" and
- ")" for a comment). However, quoting is PERMITTED for any
- character.
- Note: In particular, quoting is NOT permitted within atoms.
- For example when the local-part of an addr-spec must
- contain a special character, a quoted string must be
- used. Therefore, a specification such as:
- Full Name@Domain
- is not legal and must be specified as:
- "Full Name"@Domain
- August 13, 1982 - 11 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 3.4.2. WHITE SPACE
- Note: In structured field bodies, multiple linear space ASCII
- characters (namely HTABs and SPACEs) are treated as
- single spaces and may freely surround any symbol. In
- all header fields, the only place in which at least one
- LWSP-char is REQUIRED is at the beginning of continua-
- tion lines in a folded field.
- When passing text to processes that do not interpret text
- according to this standard (e.g., mail protocol servers), then
- NO linear-white-space characters should occur between a period
- (".") or at-sign ("@") and a <word>. Exactly ONE SPACE should
- be used in place of arbitrary linear-white-space and comment
- sequences.
- Note: Within systems conforming to this standard, wherever a
- member of the list of delimiters is allowed, LWSP-chars
- may also occur before and/or after it.
- Writers of mail-sending (i.e., header-generating) programs
- should realize that there is no network-wide definition of the
- effect of ASCII HT (horizontal-tab) characters on the appear-
- ance of text at another network host; therefore, the use of
- tabs in message headers, though permitted, is discouraged.
- 3.4.3. COMMENTS
- A comment is a set of ASCII characters, which is enclosed in
- matching parentheses and which is not within a quoted-string
- The comment construct permits message originators to add text
- which will be useful for human readers, but which will be
- ignored by the formal semantics. Comments should be retained
- while the message is subject to interpretation according to
- this standard. However, comments must NOT be included in
- other cases, such as during protocol exchanges with mail
- servers.
- Comments nest, so that if an unquoted left parenthesis occurs
- in a comment string, there must also be a matching right
- parenthesis. When a comment acts as the delimiter between a
- sequence of two lexical symbols, such as two atoms, it is lex-
- ically equivalent with a single SPACE, for the purposes of
- regenerating the sequence, such as when passing the sequence
- onto a mail protocol server. Comments are detected as such
- only within field-bodies of structured fields.
- If a comment is to be "folded" onto multiple lines, then the
- syntax for folding must be adhered to. (See the "Lexical
- August 13, 1982 - 12 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- Analysis of Messages" section on "Folding Long Header Fields"
- above, and the section on "Case Independence" below.) Note
- that the official semantics therefore do not "see" any
- unquoted CRLFs that are in comments, although particular pars-
- ing programs may wish to note their presence. For these pro-
- grams, it would be reasonable to interpret a "CRLF LWSP-char"
- as being a CRLF that is part of the comment; i.e., the CRLF is
- kept and the LWSP-char is discarded. Quoted CRLFs (i.e., a
- backslash followed by a CR followed by a LF) still must be
- followed by at least one LWSP-char.
- 3.4.4. DELIMITING AND QUOTING CHARACTERS
- The quote character (backslash) and characters that delimit
- syntactic units are not, generally, to be taken as data that
- are part of the delimited or quoted unit(s). In particular,
- the quotation-marks that define a quoted-string, the
- parentheses that define a comment and the backslash that
- quotes a following character are NOT part of the quoted-
- string, comment or quoted character. A quotation-mark that is
- to be part of a quoted-string, a parenthesis that is to be
- part of a comment and a backslash that is to be part of either
- must each be preceded by the quote-character backslash ("").
- Note that the syntax allows any character to be quoted within
- a quoted-string or comment; however only certain characters
- MUST be quoted to be included as data. These characters are
- the ones that are not part of the alternate text group (i.e.,
- ctext or qtext).
- The one exception to this rule is that a single SPACE is
- assumed to exist between contiguous words in a phrase, and
- this interpretation is independent of the actual number of
- LWSP-chars that the creator places between the words. To
- include more than one SPACE, the creator must make the LWSP-
- chars be part of a quoted-string.
- Quotation marks that delimit a quoted string and backslashes
- that quote the following character should NOT accompany the
- quoted-string when the string is passed to processes that do
- not interpret data according to this specification (e.g., mail
- protocol servers).
- 3.4.5. QUOTED-STRINGS
- Where permitted (i.e., in words in structured fields) quoted-
- strings are treated as a single symbol. That is, a quoted-
- string is equivalent to an atom, syntactically. If a quoted-
- string is to be "folded" onto multiple lines, then the syntax
- for folding must be adhered to. (See the "Lexical Analysis of
- August 13, 1982 - 13 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- Messages" section on "Folding Long Header Fields" above, and
- the section on "Case Independence" below.) Therefore, the
- official semantics do not "see" any bare CRLFs that are in
- quoted-strings; however particular parsing programs may wish
- to note their presence. For such programs, it would be rea-
- sonable to interpret a "CRLF LWSP-char" as being a CRLF which
- is part of the quoted-string; i.e., the CRLF is kept and the
- LWSP-char is discarded. Quoted CRLFs (i.e., a backslash fol-
- lowed by a CR followed by a LF) are also subject to rules of
- folding, but the presence of the quoting character (backslash)
- explicitly indicates that the CRLF is data to the quoted
- string. Stripping off the first following LWSP-char is also
- appropriate when parsing quoted CRLFs.
- 3.4.6. BRACKETING CHARACTERS
- There is one type of bracket which must occur in matched pairs
- and may have pairs nested within each other:
- o Parentheses ("(" and ")") are used to indicate com-
- ments.
- There are three types of brackets which must occur in matched
- pairs, and which may NOT be nested:
- o Colon/semi-colon (":" and ";") are used in address
- specifications to indicate that the included list of
- addresses are to be treated as a group.
- o Angle brackets ("<" and ">") are generally used to
- indicate the presence of a one machine-usable refer-
- ence (e.g., delimiting mailboxes), possibly including
- source-routing to the machine.
- o Square brackets ("[" and "]") are used to indicate the
- presence of a domain-literal, which the appropriate
- name-domain is to use directly, bypassing normal
- name-resolution mechanisms.
- 3.4.7. CASE INDEPENDENCE
- Except as noted, alphabetic strings may be represented in any
- combination of upper and lower case. The only syntactic units
- August 13, 1982 - 14 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- which requires preservation of case information are:
- - text
- - qtext
- - dtext
- - ctext
- - quoted-pair
- - local-part, except "Postmaster"
- When matching any other syntactic unit, case is to be ignored.
- For example, the field-names "From", "FROM", "from", and even
- "FroM" are semantically equal and should all be treated ident-
- ically.
- When generating these units, any mix of upper and lower case
- alphabetic characters may be used. The case shown in this
- specification is suggested for message-creating processes.
- Note: The reserved local-part address unit, "Postmaster", is
- an exception. When the value "Postmaster" is being
- interpreted, it must be accepted in any mixture of
- case, including "POSTMASTER", and "postmaster".
- 3.4.8. FOLDING LONG HEADER FIELDS
- Each header field may be represented on exactly one line con-
- sisting of the name of the field and its body, and terminated
- by a CRLF; this is what the parser sees. For readability, the
- field-body portion of long header fields may be "folded" onto
- multiple lines of the actual field. "Long" is commonly inter-
- preted to mean greater than 65 or 72 characters. The former
- length serves as a limit, when the message is to be viewed on
- most simple terminals which use simple display software; how-
- ever, the limit is not imposed by this standard.
- Note: Some display software often can selectively fold lines,
- to suit the display terminal. In such cases, sender-
- provided folding can interfere with the display
- software.
- 3.4.9. BACKSPACE CHARACTERS
- ASCII BS characters (Backspace, decimal 8) may be included in
- texts and quoted-strings to effect overstriking. However, any
- use of backspaces which effects an overstrike to the left of
- the beginning of the text or quoted-string is prohibited.
- August 13, 1982 - 15 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 3.4.10. NETWORK-SPECIFIC TRANSFORMATIONS
- During transmission through heterogeneous networks, it may be
- necessary to force data to conform to a network's local con-
- ventions. For example, it may be required that a CR be fol-
- lowed either by LF, making a CRLF, or by <null>, if the CR is
- to stand alone). Such transformations are reversed, when the
- message exits that network.
- When crossing network boundaries, the message should be
- treated as passing through two modules. It will enter the
- first module containing whatever network-specific transforma-
- tions that were necessary to permit migration through the
- "current" network. It then passes through the modules:
- o Transformation Reversal
- The "current" network's idiosyncracies are removed and
- the message is returned to the canonical form speci-
- fied in this standard.
- o Transformation
- The "next" network's local idiosyncracies are imposed
- on the message.
- ------------------
- From ==> | Remove Net-A |
- Net-A | idiosyncracies |
- ------------------
- ||
- /
- Conformance
- with standard
- ||
- /
- ------------------
- | Impose Net-B | ==> To
- | idiosyncracies | Net-B
- ------------------
- August 13, 1982 - 16 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 4. MESSAGE SPECIFICATION
- 4.1. SYNTAX
- Note: Due to an artifact of the notational conventions, the syn-
- tax indicates that, when present, some fields, must be in
- a particular order. Header fields are NOT required to
- occur in any particular order, except that the message
- body must occur AFTER the headers. It is recommended
- that, if present, headers be sent in the order "Return-
- Path", "Received", "Date", "From", "Subject", "Sender",
- "To", "cc", etc.
- This specification permits multiple occurrences of most
- fields. Except as noted, their interpretation is not
- specified here, and their use is discouraged.
- The following syntax for the bodies of various fields should
- be thought of as describing each field body as a single long
- string (or line). The "Lexical Analysis of Message" section on
- "Long Header Fields", above, indicates how such long strings can
- be represented on more than one line in the actual transmitted
- message.
- message = fields *( CRLF *text ) ; Everything after
- ; first null line
- ; is message body
- fields = dates ; Creation time,
- source ; author id & one
- 1*destination ; address required
- *optional-field ; others optional
- source = [ trace ] ; net traversals
- originator ; original mail
- [ resent ] ; forwarded
- trace = return ; path to sender
- 1*received ; receipt tags
- return = "Return-path" ":" route-addr ; return address
- received = "Received" ":" ; one per relay
- ["from" domain] ; sending host
- ["by" domain] ; receiving host
- ["via" atom] ; physical path
- *("with" atom) ; link/mail protocol
- ["id" msg-id] ; receiver msg id
- ["for" addr-spec] ; initial form
- August 13, 1982 - 17 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- ";" date-time ; time received
- originator = authentic ; authenticated addr
- [ "Reply-To" ":" 1#address] )
- authentic = "From" ":" mailbox ; Single author
- / ( "Sender" ":" mailbox ; Actual submittor
- "From" ":" 1#mailbox) ; Multiple authors
- ; or not sender
- resent = resent-authentic
- [ "Resent-Reply-To" ":" 1#address] )
- resent-authentic =
- = "Resent-From" ":" mailbox
- / ( "Resent-Sender" ":" mailbox
- "Resent-From" ":" 1#mailbox )
- dates = orig-date ; Original
- [ resent-date ] ; Forwarded
- orig-date = "Date" ":" date-time
- resent-date = "Resent-Date" ":" date-time
- destination = "To" ":" 1#address ; Primary
- / "Resent-To" ":" 1#address
- / "cc" ":" 1#address ; Secondary
- / "Resent-cc" ":" 1#address
- / "bcc" ":" #address ; Blind carbon
- / "Resent-bcc" ":" #address
- optional-field =
- / "Message-ID" ":" msg-id
- / "Resent-Message-ID" ":" msg-id
- / "In-Reply-To" ":" *(phrase / msg-id)
- / "References" ":" *(phrase / msg-id)
- / "Keywords" ":" #phrase
- / "Subject" ":" *text
- / "Comments" ":" *text
- / "Encrypted" ":" 1#2word
- / extension-field ; To be defined
- / user-defined-field ; May be pre-empted
- msg-id = "<" addr-spec ">" ; Unique message id
- August 13, 1982 - 18 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- extension-field =
- <Any field which is defined in a document
- published as a formal extension to this
- specification; none will have names beginning
- with the string "X-">
- user-defined-field =
- <Any field which has not been defined
- in this specification or published as an
- extension to this specification; names for
- such fields must be unique and may be
- pre-empted by published extensions>
- 4.2. FORWARDING
- Some systems permit mail recipients to forward a message,
- retaining the original headers, by adding some new fields. This
- standard supports such a service, through the "Resent-" prefix to
- field names.
- Whenever the string "Resent-" begins a field name, the field
- has the same semantics as a field whose name does not have the
- prefix. However, the message is assumed to have been forwarded
- by an original recipient who attached the "Resent-" field. This
- new field is treated as being more recent than the equivalent,
- original field. For example, the "Resent-From", indicates the
- person that forwarded the message, whereas the "From" field indi-
- cates the original author.
- Use of such precedence information depends upon partici-
- pants' communication needs. For example, this standard does not
- dictate when a "Resent-From:" address should receive replies, in
- lieu of sending them to the "From:" address.
- Note: In general, the "Resent-" fields should be treated as con-
- taining a set of information that is independent of the
- set of original fields. Information for one set should
- not automatically be taken from the other. The interpre-
- tation of multiple "Resent-" fields, of the same type, is
- undefined.
- In the remainder of this specification, occurrence of legal
- "Resent-" fields are treated identically with the occurrence of
- August 13, 1982 - 19 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- fields whose names do not contain this prefix.
- 4.3. TRACE FIELDS
- Trace information is used to provide an audit trail of mes-
- sage handling. In addition, it indicates a route back to the
- sender of the message.
- The list of known "via" and "with" values are registered
- with the Network Information Center, SRI International, Menlo
- Park, California.
- 4.3.1. RETURN-PATH
- This field is added by the final transport system that
- delivers the message to its recipient. The field is intended
- to contain definitive information about the address and route
- back to the message's originator.
- Note: The "Reply-To" field is added by the originator and
- serves to direct replies, whereas the "Return-Path"
- field is used to identify a path back to the origina-
- tor.
- While the syntax indicates that a route specification is
- optional, every attempt should be made to provide that infor-
- mation in this field.
- 4.3.2. RECEIVED
- A copy of this field is added by each transport service that
- relays the message. The information in the field can be quite
- useful for tracing transport problems.
- The names of the sending and receiving hosts and time-of-
- receipt may be specified. The "via" parameter may be used, to
- indicate what physical mechanism the message was sent over,
- such as Arpanet or Phonenet, and the "with" parameter may be
- used to indicate the mail-, or connection-, level protocol
- that was used, such as the SMTP mail protocol, or X.25 tran-
- sport protocol.
- Note: Several "with" parameters may be included, to fully
- specify the set of protocols that were used.
- Some transport services queue mail; the internal message iden-
- tifier that is assigned to the message may be noted, using the
- "id" parameter. When the sending host uses a destination
- address specification that the receiving host reinterprets, by
- August 13, 1982 - 20 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- expansion or transformation, the receiving host may wish to
- record the original specification, using the "for" parameter.
- For example, when a copy of mail is sent to the member of a
- distribution list, this parameter may be used to record the
- original address that was used to specify the list.
- 4.4. ORIGINATOR FIELDS
- The standard allows only a subset of the combinations possi-
- ble with the From, Sender, Reply-To, Resent-From, Resent-Sender,
- and Resent-Reply-To fields. The limitation is intentional.
- 4.4.1. FROM / RESENT-FROM
- This field contains the identity of the person(s) who wished
- this message to be sent. The message-creation process should
- default this field to be a single, authenticated machine
- address, indicating the AGENT (person, system or process)
- entering the message. If this is not done, the "Sender" field
- MUST be present. If the "From" field IS defaulted this way,
- the "Sender" field is optional and is redundant with the
- "From" field. In all cases, addresses in the "From" field
- must be machine-usable (addr-specs) and may not contain named
- lists (groups).
- 4.4.2. SENDER / RESENT-SENDER
- This field contains the authenticated identity of the AGENT
- (person, system or process) that sends the message. It is
- intended for use when the sender is not the author of the mes-
- sage, or to indicate who among a group of authors actually
- sent the message. If the contents of the "Sender" field would
- be completely redundant with the "From" field, then the
- "Sender" field need not be present and its use is discouraged
- (though still legal). In particular, the "Sender" field MUST
- be present if it is NOT the same as the "From" Field.
- The Sender mailbox specification includes a word sequence
- which must correspond to a specific agent (i.e., a human user
- or a computer program) rather than a standard address. This
- indicates the expectation that the field will identify the
- single AGENT (person, system, or process) responsible for
- sending the mail and not simply include the name of a mailbox
- from which the mail was sent. For example in the case of a
- shared login name, the name, by itself, would not be adequate.
- The local-part address unit, which refers to this agent, is
- expected to be a computer system term, and not (for example) a
- generalized person reference which can be used outside the
- network text message context.
- August 13, 1982 - 21 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- Since the critical function served by the "Sender" field is
- identification of the agent responsible for sending mail and
- since computer programs cannot be held accountable for their
- behavior, it is strongly recommended that when a computer pro-
- gram generates a message, the HUMAN who is responsible for
- that program be referenced as part of the "Sender" field mail-
- box specification.
- 4.4.3. REPLY-TO / RESENT-REPLY-TO
- This field provides a general mechanism for indicating any
- mailbox(es) to which responses are to be sent. Three typical
- uses for this feature can be distinguished. In the first
- case, the author(s) may not have regular machine-based mail-
- boxes and therefore wish(es) to indicate an alternate machine
- address. In the second case, an author may wish additional
- persons to be made aware of, or responsible for, replies. A
- somewhat different use may be of some help to "text message
- teleconferencing" groups equipped with automatic distribution
- services: include the address of that service in the "Reply-
- To" field of all messages submitted to the teleconference;
- then participants can "reply" to conference submissions to
- guarantee the correct distribution of any submission of their
- own.
- Note: The "Return-Path" field is added by the mail transport
- service, at the time of final deliver. It is intended
- to identify a path back to the orginator of the mes-
- sage. The "Reply-To" field is added by the message
- originator and is intended to direct replies.
- 4.4.4. AUTOMATIC USE OF FROM / SENDER / REPLY-TO
- For systems which automatically generate address lists for
- replies to messages, the following recommendations are made:
- o The "Sender" field mailbox should be sent notices of
- any problems in transport or delivery of the original
- messages. If there is no "Sender" field, then the
- "From" field mailbox should be used.
- o The "Sender" field mailbox should NEVER be used
- automatically, in a recipient's reply message.
- o If the "Reply-To" field exists, then the reply should
- go to the addresses indicated in that field and not to
- the address(es) indicated in the "From" field.
- August 13, 1982 - 22 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- o If there is a "From" field, but no "Reply-To" field,
- the reply should be sent to the address(es) indicated
- in the "From" field.
- Sometimes, a recipient may actually wish to communicate with
- the person that initiated the message transfer. In such
- cases, it is reasonable to use the "Sender" address.
- This recommendation is intended only for automated use of
- originator-fields and is not intended to suggest that replies
- may not also be sent to other recipients of messages. It is
- up to the respective mail-handling programs to decide what
- additional facilities will be provided.
- Examples are provided in Appendix A.
- 4.5. RECEIVER FIELDS
- 4.5.1. TO / RESENT-TO
- This field contains the identity of the primary recipients of
- the message.
- 4.5.2. CC / RESENT-CC
- This field contains the identity of the secondary (informa-
- tional) recipients of the message.
- 4.5.3. BCC / RESENT-BCC
- This field contains the identity of additional recipients of
- the message. The contents of this field are not included in
- copies of the message sent to the primary and secondary reci-
- pients. Some systems may choose to include the text of the
- "Bcc" field only in the author(s)'s copy, while others may
- also include it in the text sent to all those indicated in the
- "Bcc" list.
- 4.6. REFERENCE FIELDS
- 4.6.1. MESSAGE-ID / RESENT-MESSAGE-ID
- This field contains a unique identifier (the local-part
- address unit) which refers to THIS version of THIS message.
- The uniqueness of the message identifier is guaranteed by the
- host which generates it. This identifier is intended to be
- machine readable and not necessarily meaningful to humans. A
- message identifier pertains to exactly one instantiation of a
- particular message; subsequent revisions to the message should
- August 13, 1982 - 23 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- each receive new message identifiers.
- 4.6.2. IN-REPLY-TO
- The contents of this field identify previous correspon-
- dence which this message answers. Note that if message iden-
- tifiers are used in this field, they must use the msg-id
- specification format.
- 4.6.3. REFERENCES
- The contents of this field identify other correspondence
- which this message references. Note that if message identif-
- iers are used, they must use the msg-id specification format.
- 4.6.4. KEYWORDS
- This field contains keywords or phrases, separated by
- commas.
- 4.7. OTHER FIELDS
- 4.7.1. SUBJECT
- This is intended to provide a summary, or indicate the
- nature, of the message.
- 4.7.2. COMMENTS
- Permits adding text comments onto the message without
- disturbing the contents of the message's body.
- 4.7.3. ENCRYPTED
- Sometimes, data encryption is used to increase the
- privacy of message contents. If the body of a message has
- been encrypted, to keep its contents private, the "Encrypted"
- field can be used to note the fact and to indicate the nature
- of the encryption. The first <word> parameter indicates the
- software used to encrypt the body, and the second, optional
- <word> is intended to aid the recipient in selecting the
- proper decryption key. This code word may be viewed as an
- index to a table of keys held by the recipient.
- Note: Unfortunately, headers must contain envelope, as well
- as contents, information. Consequently, it is neces-
- sary that they remain unencrypted, so that mail tran-
- sport services may access them. Since names,
- addresses, and "Subject" field contents may contain
- August 13, 1982 - 24 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- sensitive information, this requirement limits total
- message privacy.
- Names of encryption software are registered with the Net-
- work Information Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, Cali-
- fornia.
- 4.7.4. EXTENSION-FIELD
- A limited number of common fields have been defined in
- this document. As network mail requirements dictate, addi-
- tional fields may be standardized. To provide user-defined
- fields with a measure of safety, in name selection, such
- extension-fields will never have names that begin with the
- string "X-".
- Names of Extension-fields are registered with the Network
- Information Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, California.
- 4.7.5. USER-DEFINED-FIELD
- Individual users of network mail are free to define and
- use additional header fields. Such fields must have names
- which are not already used in the current specification or in
- any definitions of extension-fields, and the overall syntax of
- these user-defined-fields must conform to this specification's
- rules for delimiting and folding fields. Due to the
- extension-field publishing process, the name of a user-
- defined-field may be pre-empted
- Note: The prefatory string "X-" will never be used in the
- names of Extension-fields. This provides user-defined
- fields with a protected set of names.
- August 13, 1982 - 25 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 5. DATE AND TIME SPECIFICATION
- 5.1. SYNTAX
- date-time = [ day "," ] date time ; dd mm yy
- ; hh:mm:ss zzz
- day = "Mon" / "Tue" / "Wed" / "Thu"
- / "Fri" / "Sat" / "Sun"
- date = 1*2DIGIT month 2DIGIT ; day month year
- ; e.g. 20 Jun 82
- month = "Jan" / "Feb" / "Mar" / "Apr"
- / "May" / "Jun" / "Jul" / "Aug"
- / "Sep" / "Oct" / "Nov" / "Dec"
- time = hour zone ; ANSI and Military
- hour = 2DIGIT ":" 2DIGIT [":" 2DIGIT]
- ; 00:00:00 - 23:59:59
- zone = "UT" / "GMT" ; Universal Time
- ; North American : UT
- / "EST" / "EDT" ; Eastern: - 5/ - 4
- / "CST" / "CDT" ; Central: - 6/ - 5
- / "MST" / "MDT" ; Mountain: - 7/ - 6
- / "PST" / "PDT" ; Pacific: - 8/ - 7
- / 1ALPHA ; Military: Z = UT;
- ; A:-1; (J not used)
- ; M:-12; N:+1; Y:+12
- / ( ("+" / "-") 4DIGIT ) ; Local differential
- ; hours+min. (HHMM)
- 5.2. SEMANTICS
- If included, day-of-week must be the day implied by the date
- specification.
- Time zone may be indicated in several ways. "UT" is Univer-
- sal Time (formerly called "Greenwich Mean Time"); "GMT" is per-
- mitted as a reference to Universal Time. The military standard
- uses a single character for each zone. "Z" is Universal Time.
- "A" indicates one hour earlier, and "M" indicates 12 hours ear-
- lier; "N" is one hour later, and "Y" is 12 hours later. The
- letter "J" is not used. The other remaining two forms are taken
- from ANSI standard X3.51-1975. One allows explicit indication of
- the amount of offset from UT; the other uses common 3-character
- strings for indicating time zones in North America.
- August 13, 1982 - 26 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 6. ADDRESS SPECIFICATION
- 6.1. SYNTAX
- address = mailbox ; one addressee
- / group ; named list
- group = phrase ":" [#mailbox] ";"
- mailbox = addr-spec ; simple address
- / phrase route-addr ; name & addr-spec
- route-addr = "<" [route] addr-spec ">"
- route = 1#("@" domain) ":" ; path-relative
- addr-spec = local-part "@" domain ; global address
- local-part = word *("." word) ; uninterpreted
- ; case-preserved
- domain = sub-domain *("." sub-domain)
- sub-domain = domain-ref / domain-literal
- domain-ref = atom ; symbolic reference
- 6.2. SEMANTICS
- A mailbox receives mail. It is a conceptual entity which
- does not necessarily pertain to file storage. For example, some
- sites may choose to print mail on their line printer and deliver
- the output to the addressee's desk.
- A mailbox specification comprises a person, system or pro-
- cess name reference, a domain-dependent string, and a name-domain
- reference. The name reference is optional and is usually used to
- indicate the human name of a recipient. The name-domain refer-
- ence specifies a sequence of sub-domains. The domain-dependent
- string is uninterpreted, except by the final sub-domain; the rest
- of the mail service merely transmits it as a literal string.
- 6.2.1. DOMAINS
- A name-domain is a set of registered (mail) names. A name-
- domain specification resolves to a subordinate name-domain
- specification or to a terminal domain-dependent string.
- Hence, domain specification is extensible, permitting any
- number of registration levels.
- August 13, 1982 - 27 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- Name-domains model a global, logical, hierarchical addressing
- scheme. The model is logical, in that an address specifica-
- tion is related to name registration and is not necessarily
- tied to transmission path. The model's hierarchy is a
- directed graph, called an in-tree, such that there is a single
- path from the root of the tree to any node in the hierarchy.
- If more than one path actually exists, they are considered to
- be different addresses.
- The root node is common to all addresses; consequently, it is
- not referenced. Its children constitute "top-level" name-
- domains. Usually, a service has access to its own full domain
- specification and to the names of all top-level name-domains.
- The "top" of the domain addressing hierarchy -- a child of the
- root -- is indicated by the right-most field, in a domain
- specification. Its child is specified to the left, its child
- to the left, and so on.
- Some groups provide formal registration services; these con-
- stitute name-domains that are independent logically of
- specific machines. In addition, networks and machines impli-
- citly compose name-domains, since their membership usually is
- registered in name tables.
- In the case of formal registration, an organization implements
- a (distributed) data base which provides an address-to-route
- mapping service for addresses of the form:
- person@registry.organization
- Note that "organization" is a logical entity, separate from
- any particular communication network.
- A mechanism for accessing "organization" is universally avail-
- able. That mechanism, in turn, seeks an instantiation of the
- registry; its location is not indicated in the address specif-
- ication. It is assumed that the system which operates under
- the name "organization" knows how to find a subordinate regis-
- try. The registry will then use the "person" string to deter-
- mine where to send the mail specification.
- The latter, network-oriented case permits simple, direct,
- attachment-related address specification, such as:
- user@host.network
- Once the network is accessed, it is expected that a message
- will go directly to the host and that the host will resolve
- August 13, 1982 - 28 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- the user name, placing the message in the user's mailbox.
- 6.2.2. ABBREVIATED DOMAIN SPECIFICATION
- Since any number of levels is possible within the domain
- hierarchy, specification of a fully qualified address can
- become inconvenient. This standard permits abbreviated domain
- specification, in a special case:
- For the address of the sender, call the left-most
- sub-domain Level N. In a header address, if all of
- the sub-domains above (i.e., to the right of) Level N
- are the same as those of the sender, then they do not
- have to appear in the specification. Otherwise, the
- address must be fully qualified.
- This feature is subject to approval by local sub-
- domains. Individual sub-domains may require their
- member systems, which originate mail, to provide full
- domain specification only. When permitted, abbrevia-
- tions may be present only while the message stays
- within the sub-domain of the sender.
- Use of this mechanism requires the sender's sub-domain
- to reserve the names of all top-level domains, so that
- full specifications can be distinguished from abbrevi-
- ated specifications.
- For example, if a sender's address is:
- sender@registry-A.registry-1.organization-X
- and one recipient's address is:
- recipient@registry-B.registry-1.organization-X
- and another's is:
- recipient@registry-C.registry-2.organization-X
- then ".registry-1.organization-X" need not be specified in the
- the message, but "registry-C.registry-2" DOES have to be
- specified. That is, the first two addresses may be abbrevi-
- ated, but the third address must be fully specified.
- When a message crosses a domain boundary, all addresses must
- be specified in the full format, ending with the top-level
- name-domain in the right-most field. It is the responsibility
- of mail forwarding services to ensure that addresses conform
- August 13, 1982 - 29 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- with this requirement. In the case of abbreviated addresses,
- the relaying service must make the necessary expansions. It
- should be noted that it often is difficult for such a service
- to locate all occurrences of address abbreviations. For exam-
- ple, it will not be possible to find such abbreviations within
- the body of the message. The "Return-Path" field can aid
- recipients in recovering from these errors.
- Note: When passing any portion of an addr-spec onto a process
- which does not interpret data according to this stan-
- dard (e.g., mail protocol servers). There must be NO
- LWSP-chars preceding or following the at-sign or any
- delimiting period ("."), such as shown in the above
- examples, and only ONE SPACE between contiguous
- <word>s.
- 6.2.3. DOMAIN TERMS
- A domain-ref must be THE official name of a registry, network,
- or host. It is a symbolic reference, within a name sub-
- domain. At times, it is necessary to bypass standard mechan-
- isms for resolving such references, using more primitive
- information, such as a network host address rather than its
- associated host name.
- To permit such references, this standard provides the domain-
- literal construct. Its contents must conform with the needs
- of the sub-domain in which it is interpreted.
- Domain-literals which refer to domains within the ARPA Inter-
- net specify 32-bit Internet addresses, in four 8-bit fields
- noted in decimal, as described in Request for Comments #820,
- "Assigned Numbers." For example:
- [10.0.3.19]
- Note: THE USE OF DOMAIN-LITERALS IS STRONGLY DISCOURAGED. It
- is permitted only as a means of bypassing temporary
- system limitations, such as name tables which are not
- complete.
- The names of "top-level" domains, and the names of domains
- under in the ARPA Internet, are registered with the Network
- Information Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, California.
- 6.2.4. DOMAIN-DEPENDENT LOCAL STRING
- The local-part of an addr-spec in a mailbox specification
- (i.e., the host's name for the mailbox) is understood to be
- August 13, 1982 - 30 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- whatever the receiving mail protocol server allows. For exam-
- ple, some systems do not understand mailbox references of the
- form "P. D. Q. Bach", but others do.
- This specification treats periods (".") as lexical separators.
- Hence, their presence in local-parts which are not quoted-
- strings, is detected. However, such occurrences carry NO
- semantics. That is, if a local-part has periods within it, an
- address parser will divide the local-part into several tokens,
- but the sequence of tokens will be treated as one uninter-
- preted unit. The sequence will be re-assembled, when the
- address is passed outside of the system such as to a mail pro-
- tocol service.
- For example, the address:
- First.Last@Registry.Org
- is legal and does not require the local-part to be surrounded
- with quotation-marks. (However, "First Last" DOES require
- quoting.) The local-part of the address, when passed outside
- of the mail system, within the Registry.Org domain, is
- "First.Last", again without quotation marks.
- 6.2.5. BALANCING LOCAL-PART AND DOMAIN
- In some cases, the boundary between local-part and domain can
- be flexible. The local-part may be a simple string, which is
- used for the final determination of the recipient's mailbox.
- All other levels of reference are, therefore, part of the
- domain.
- For some systems, in the case of abbreviated reference to the
- local and subordinate sub-domains, it may be possible to
- specify only one reference within the domain part and place
- the other, subordinate name-domain references within the
- local-part. This would appear as:
- mailbox.sub1.sub2@this-domain
- Such a specification would be acceptable to address parsers
- which conform to RFC #733, but do not support this newer
- Internet standard. While contrary to the intent of this stan-
- dard, the form is legal.
- Also, some sub-domains have a specification syntax which does
- not conform to this standard. For example:
- sub-net.mailbox@sub-domain.domain
- August 13, 1982 - 31 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- uses a different parsing sequence for local-part than for
- domain.
- Note: As a rule, the domain specification should contain
- fields which are encoded according to the syntax of
- this standard and which contain generally-standardized
- information. The local-part specification should con-
- tain only that portion of the address which deviates
- from the form or intention of the domain field.
- 6.2.6. MULTIPLE MAILBOXES
- An individual may have several mailboxes and wish to receive
- mail at whatever mailbox is convenient for the sender to
- access. This standard does not provide a means of specifying
- "any member of" a list of mailboxes.
- A set of individuals may wish to receive mail as a single unit
- (i.e., a distribution list). The <group> construct permits
- specification of such a list. Recipient mailboxes are speci-
- fied within the bracketed part (":" - ";"). A copy of the
- transmitted message is to be sent to each mailbox listed.
- This standard does not permit recursive specification of
- groups within groups.
- While a list must be named, it is not required that the con-
- tents of the list be included. In this case, the <address>
- serves only as an indication of group distribution and would
- appear in the form:
- name:;
- Some mail services may provide a group-list distribution
- facility, accepting a single mailbox reference, expanding it
- to the full distribution list, and relaying the mail to the
- list's members. This standard provides no additional syntax
- for indicating such a service. Using the <group> address
- alternative, while listing one mailbox in it, can mean either
- that the mailbox reference will be expanded to a list or that
- there is a group with one member.
- 6.2.7. EXPLICIT PATH SPECIFICATION
- At times, a message originator may wish to indicate the
- transmission path that a message should follow. This is
- called source routing. The normal addressing scheme, used in
- an addr-spec, is carefully separated from such information;
- the <route> portion of a route-addr is provided for such occa-
- sions. It specifies the sequence of hosts and/or transmission
- August 13, 1982 - 32 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- services that are to be traversed. Both domain-refs and
- domain-literals may be used.
- Note: The use of source routing is discouraged. Unless the
- sender has special need of path restriction, the choice
- of transmission route should be left to the mail tran-
- sport service.
- 6.3. RESERVED ADDRESS
- It often is necessary to send mail to a site, without know-
- ing any of its valid addresses. For example, there may be mail
- system dysfunctions, or a user may wish to find out a person's
- correct address, at that site.
- This standard specifies a single, reserved mailbox address
- (local-part) which is to be valid at each site. Mail sent to
- that address is to be routed to a person responsible for the
- site's mail system or to a person with responsibility for general
- site operation. The name of the reserved local-part address is:
- Postmaster
- so that "Postmaster@domain" is required to be valid.
- Note: This reserved local-part must be matched without sensi-
- tivity to alphabetic case, so that "POSTMASTER", "postmas-
- ter", and even "poStmASteR" is to be accepted.
- August 13, 1982 - 33 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- 7. BIBLIOGRAPHY
- ANSI. "USA Standard Code for Information Interchange," X3.4.
- American National Standards Institute: New York (1968). Also
- in: Feinler, E. and J. Postel, eds., "ARPANET Protocol Hand-
- book", NIC 7104.
- ANSI. "Representations of Universal Time, Local Time Differen-
- tials, and United States Time Zone References for Information
- Interchange," X3.51-1975. American National Standards Insti-
- tute: New York (1975).
- Bemer, R.W., "Time and the Computer." In: Interface Age (Feb.
- 1979).
- Bennett, C.J. "JNT Mail Protocol". Joint Network Team, Ruther-
- ford and Appleton Laboratory: Didcot, England.
- Bhushan, A.K., Pogran, K.T., Tomlinson, R.S., and White, J.E.
- "Standardizing Network Mail Headers," ARPANET Request for
- Comments No. 561, Network Information Center No. 18516; SRI
- International: Menlo Park (September 1973).
- Birrell, A.D., Levin, R., Needham, R.M., and Schroeder, M.D.
- "Grapevine: An Exercise in Distributed Computing," Communica-
- tions of the ACM 25, 4 (April 1982), 260-274.
- Crocker, D.H., Vittal, J.J., Pogran, K.T., Henderson, D.A.
- "Standard for the Format of ARPA Network Text Message,"
- ARPANET Request for Comments No. 733, Network Information
- Center No. 41952. SRI International: Menlo Park (November
- 1977).
- Feinler, E.J. and Postel, J.B. ARPANET Protocol Handbook, Net-
- work Information Center No. 7104 (NTIS AD A003890). SRI
- International: Menlo Park (April 1976).
- Harary, F. "Graph Theory". Addison-Wesley: Reading, Mass.
- (1969).
- Levin, R. and Schroeder, M. "Transport of Electronic Messages
- through a Network," TeleInformatics 79, pp. 29-33. North
- Holland (1979). Also as Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
- Technical Report CSL-79-4.
- Myer, T.H. and Henderson, D.A. "Message Transmission Protocol,"
- ARPANET Request for Comments, No. 680, Network Information
- Center No. 32116. SRI International: Menlo Park (1975).
- August 13, 1982 - 34 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- NBS. "Specification of Message Format for Computer Based Message
- Systems, Recommended Federal Information Processing Standard."
- National Bureau of Standards: Gaithersburg, Maryland
- (October 1981).
- NIC. Internet Protocol Transition Workbook. Network Information
- Center, SRI-International, Menlo Park, California (March
- 1982).
- Oppen, D.C. and Dalal, Y.K. "The Clearinghouse: A Decentralized
- Agent for Locating Named Objects in a Distributed Environ-
- ment," OPD-T8103. Xerox Office Products Division: Palo Alto,
- CA. (October 1981).
- Postel, J.B. "Assigned Numbers," ARPANET Request for Comments,
- No. 820. SRI International: Menlo Park (August 1982).
- Postel, J.B. "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol," ARPANET Request
- for Comments, No. 821. SRI International: Menlo Park (August
- 1982).
- Shoch, J.F. "Internetwork naming, addressing and routing," in
- Proc. 17th IEEE Computer Society International Conference, pp.
- 72-79, Sept. 1978, IEEE Cat. No. 78 CH 1388-8C.
- Su, Z. and Postel, J. "The Domain Naming Convention for Internet
- User Applications," ARPANET Request for Comments, No. 819.
- SRI International: Menlo Park (August 1982).
- August 13, 1982 - 35 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- APPENDIX
- A. EXAMPLES
- A.1. ADDRESSES
- A.1.1. Alfred Neuman <Neuman@BBN-TENEXA>
- A.1.2. Neuman@BBN-TENEXA
- These two "Alfred Neuman" examples have identical seman-
- tics, as far as the operation of the local host's mail sending
- (distribution) program (also sometimes called its "mailer")
- and the remote host's mail protocol server are concerned. In
- the first example, the "Alfred Neuman" is ignored by the
- mailer, as "Neuman@BBN-TENEXA" completely specifies the reci-
- pient. The second example contains no superfluous informa-
- tion, and, again, "Neuman@BBN-TENEXA" is the intended reci-
- pient.
- Note: When the message crosses name-domain boundaries, then
- these specifications must be changed, so as to indicate
- the remainder of the hierarchy, starting with the top
- level.
- A.1.3. "George, Ted" <Shared@Group.Arpanet>
- This form might be used to indicate that a single mailbox
- is shared by several users. The quoted string is ignored by
- the originating host's mailer, because "Shared@Group.Arpanet"
- completely specifies the destination mailbox.
- A.1.4. Wilt . (the Stilt) Chamberlain@NBA.US
- The "(the Stilt)" is a comment, which is NOT included in
- the destination mailbox address handed to the originating
- system's mailer. The local-part of the address is the string
- "Wilt.Chamberlain", with NO space between the first and second
- words.
- A.1.5. Address Lists
- Gourmets: Pompous Person <WhoZiWhatZit@Cordon-Bleu>,
- Childs@WGBH.Boston, Galloping Gourmet@
- ANT.Down-Under (Australian National Television),
- Cheapie@Discount-Liquors;,
- Cruisers: Port@Portugal, Jones@SEA;,
- Another@Somewhere.SomeOrg
- August 13, 1982 - 36 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- This group list example points out the use of comments and the
- mixing of addresses and groups.
- A.2. ORIGINATOR ITEMS
- A.2.1. Author-sent
- George Jones logs into his host as "Jones". He sends
- mail himself.
- From: Jones@Group.Org
- or
- From: George Jones <Jones@Group.Org>
- A.2.2. Secretary-sent
- George Jones logs in as Jones on his host. His secre-
- tary, who logs in as Secy sends mail for him. Replies to the
- mail should go to George.
- From: George Jones <Jones@Group>
- Sender: Secy@Other-Group
- A.2.3. Secretary-sent, for user of shared directory
- George Jones' secretary sends mail for George. Replies
- should go to George.
- From: George Jones<Shared@Group.Org>
- Sender: Secy@Other-Group
- Note that there need not be a space between "Jones" and the
- "<", but adding a space enhances readability (as is the case
- in other examples.
- A.2.4. Committee activity, with one author
- George is a member of a committee. He wishes to have any
- replies to his message go to all committee members.
- From: George Jones <Jones@Host.Net>
- Sender: Jones@Host
- Reply-To: The Committee: Jones@Host.Net,
- Smith@Other.Org,
- Doe@Somewhere-Else;
- Note that if George had not included himself in the
- August 13, 1982 - 37 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- enumeration of The Committee, he would not have gotten an
- implicit reply; the presence of the "Reply-to" field SUPER-
- SEDES the sending of a reply to the person named in the "From"
- field.
- A.2.5. Secretary acting as full agent of author
- George Jones asks his secretary (Secy@Host) to send a
- message for him in his capacity as Group. He wants his secre-
- tary to handle all replies.
- From: George Jones <Group@Host>
- Sender: Secy@Host
- Reply-To: Secy@Host
- A.2.6. Agent for user without online mailbox
- A friend of George's, Sarah, is visiting. George's
- secretary sends some mail to a friend of Sarah in computer-
- land. Replies should go to George, whose mailbox is Jones at
- Registry.
- From: Sarah Friendly <Secy@Registry>
- Sender: Secy-Name <Secy@Registry>
- Reply-To: Jones@Registry.
- A.2.7. Agent for member of a committee
- George's secretary sends out a message which was authored
- jointly by all the members of a committee. Note that the name
- of the committee cannot be specified, since <group> names are
- not permitted in the From field.
- From: Jones@Host,
- Smith@Other-Host,
- Doe@Somewhere-Else
- Sender: Secy@SHost
- August 13, 1982 - 38 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- A.3. COMPLETE HEADERS
- A.3.1. Minimum required
- Date: 26 Aug 76 1429 EDT Date: 26 Aug 76 1429 EDT
- From: Jones@Registry.Org or From: Jones@Registry.Org
- Bcc: To: Smith@Registry.Org
- Note that the "Bcc" field may be empty, while the "To" field
- is required to have at least one address.
- A.3.2. Using some of the additional fields
- Date: 26 Aug 76 1430 EDT
- From: George Jones<Group@Host>
- Sender: Secy@SHOST
- To: "Al Neuman"@Mad-Host,
- Sam.Irving@Other-Host
- Message-ID: <some.string@SHOST>
- A.3.3. About as complex as you're going to get
- Date : 27 Aug 76 0932 PDT
- From : Ken Davis <KDavis@This-Host.This-net>
- Subject : Re: The Syntax in the RFC
- Sender : KSecy@Other-Host
- Reply-To : Sam.Irving@Reg.Organization
- To : George Jones <Group@Some-Reg.An-Org>,
- Al.Neuman@MAD.Publisher
- cc : Important folk:
- Tom Softwood <Balsa@Tree.Root>,
- "Sam Irving"@Other-Host;,
- Standard Distribution:
- /main/davis/people/standard@Other-Host,
- "<Jones>standard.dist.3"@Tops-20-Host>;
- Comment : Sam is away on business. He asked me to handle
- his mail for him. He'll be able to provide a
- more accurate explanation when he returns
- next week.
- In-Reply-To: <some.string@DBM.Group>, George's message
- X-Special-action: This is a sample of user-defined field-
- names. There could also be a field-name
- "Special-action", but its name might later be
- preempted
- Message-ID: <4231.629.XYzi-What@Other-Host>
- August 13, 1982 - 39 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- B. SIMPLE FIELD PARSING
- Some mail-reading software systems may wish to perform only
- minimal processing, ignoring the internal syntax of structured
- field-bodies and treating them the same as unstructured-field-
- bodies. Such software will need only to distinguish:
- o Header fields from the message body,
- o Beginnings of fields from lines which continue fields,
- o Field-names from field-contents.
- The abbreviated set of syntactic rules which follows will
- suffice for this purpose. It describes a limited view of mes-
- sages and is a subset of the syntactic rules provided in the main
- part of this specification. One small exception is that the con-
- tents of field-bodies consist only of text:
- B.1. SYNTAX
- message = *field *(CRLF *text)
- field = field-name ":" [field-body] CRLF
- field-name = 1*<any CHAR, excluding CTLs, SPACE, and ":">
- field-body = *text [CRLF LWSP-char field-body]
- B.2. SEMANTICS
- Headers occur before the message body and are terminated by
- a null line (i.e., two contiguous CRLFs).
- A line which continues a header field begins with a SPACE or
- HTAB character, while a line beginning a field starts with a
- printable character which is not a colon.
- A field-name consists of one or more printable characters
- (excluding colon, space, and control-characters). A field-name
- MUST be contained on one line. Upper and lower case are not dis-
- tinguished when comparing field-names.
- August 13, 1982 - 40 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- C. DIFFERENCES FROM RFC #733
- The following summarizes the differences between this stan-
- dard and the one specified in Arpanet Request for Comments #733,
- "Standard for the Format of ARPA Network Text Messages". The
- differences are listed in the order of their occurrence in the
- current specification.
- C.1. FIELD DEFINITIONS
- C.1.1. FIELD NAMES
- These now must be a sequence of printable characters. They
- may not contain any LWSP-chars.
- C.2. LEXICAL TOKENS
- C.2.1. SPECIALS
- The characters period ("."), left-square bracket ("["), and
- right-square bracket ("]") have been added. For presentation
- purposes, and when passing a specification to a system that
- does not conform to this standard, periods are to be contigu-
- ous with their surrounding lexical tokens. No linear-white-
- space is permitted between them. The presence of one LWSP-
- char between other tokens is still directed.
- C.2.2. ATOM
- Atoms may not contain SPACE.
- C.2.3. SPECIAL TEXT
- ctext and qtext have had backslash ("") added to the list of
- prohibited characters.
- C.2.4. DOMAINS
- The lexical tokens <domain-literal> and <dtext> have been
- added.
- C.3. MESSAGE SPECIFICATION
- C.3.1. TRACE
- The "Return-path:" and "Received:" fields have been specified.
- August 13, 1982 - 41 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- C.3.2. FROM
- The "From" field must contain machine-usable addresses (addr-
- spec). Multiple addresses may be specified, but named-lists
- (groups) may not.
- C.3.3. RESENT
- The meta-construct of prefacing field names with the string
- "Resent-" has been added, to indicate that a message has been
- forwarded by an intermediate recipient.
- C.3.4. DESTINATION
- A message must contain at least one destination address field.
- "To" and "CC" are required to contain at least one address.
- C.3.5. IN-REPLY-TO
- The field-body is no longer a comma-separated list, although a
- sequence is still permitted.
- C.3.6. REFERENCE
- The field-body is no longer a comma-separated list, although a
- sequence is still permitted.
- C.3.7. ENCRYPTED
- A field has been specified that permits senders to indicate
- that the body of a message has been encrypted.
- C.3.8. EXTENSION-FIELD
- Extension fields are prohibited from beginning with the char-
- acters "X-".
- C.4. DATE AND TIME SPECIFICATION
- C.4.1. SIMPLIFICATION
- Fewer optional forms are permitted and the list of three-
- letter time zones has been shortened.
- C.5. ADDRESS SPECIFICATION
- August 13, 1982 - 42 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- C.5.1. ADDRESS
- The use of quoted-string, and the ":"-atom-":" construct, have
- been removed. An address now is either a single mailbox
- reference or is a named list of addresses. The latter indi-
- cates a group distribution.
- C.5.2. GROUPS
- Group lists are now required to to have a name. Group lists
- may not be nested.
- C.5.3. MAILBOX
- A mailbox specification may indicate a person's name, as
- before. Such a named list no longer may specify multiple
- mailboxes and may not be nested.
- C.5.4. ROUTE ADDRESSING
- Addresses now are taken to be absolute, global specifications,
- independent of transmission paths. The <route> construct has
- been provided, to permit explicit specification of transmis-
- sion path. RFC #733's use of multiple at-signs ("@") was
- intended as a general syntax for indicating routing and/or
- hierarchical addressing. The current standard separates these
- specifications and only one at-sign is permitted.
- C.5.5. AT-SIGN
- The string " at " no longer is used as an address delimiter.
- Only at-sign ("@") serves the function.
- C.5.6. DOMAINS
- Hierarchical, logical name-domains have been added.
- C.6. RESERVED ADDRESS
- The local-part "Postmaster" has been reserved, so that users can
- be guaranteed at least one valid address at a site.
- August 13, 1982 - 43 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- D. ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF SYNTAX RULES
- address = mailbox ; one addressee
- / group ; named list
- addr-spec = local-part "@" domain ; global address
- ALPHA = <any ASCII alphabetic character>
- ; (101-132, 65.- 90.)
- ; (141-172, 97.-122.)
- atom = 1*<any CHAR except specials, SPACE and CTLs>
- authentic = "From" ":" mailbox ; Single author
- / ( "Sender" ":" mailbox ; Actual submittor
- "From" ":" 1#mailbox) ; Multiple authors
- ; or not sender
- CHAR = <any ASCII character> ; ( 0-177, 0.-127.)
- comment = "(" *(ctext / quoted-pair / comment) ")"
- CR = <ASCII CR, carriage return> ; ( 15, 13.)
- CRLF = CR LF
- ctext = <any CHAR excluding "(", ; => may be folded
- ")", "" & CR, & including
- linear-white-space>
- CTL = <any ASCII control ; ( 0- 37, 0.- 31.)
- character and DEL> ; ( 177, 127.)
- date = 1*2DIGIT month 2DIGIT ; day month year
- ; e.g. 20 Jun 82
- dates = orig-date ; Original
- [ resent-date ] ; Forwarded
- date-time = [ day "," ] date time ; dd mm yy
- ; hh:mm:ss zzz
- day = "Mon" / "Tue" / "Wed" / "Thu"
- / "Fri" / "Sat" / "Sun"
- delimiters = specials / linear-white-space / comment
- destination = "To" ":" 1#address ; Primary
- / "Resent-To" ":" 1#address
- / "cc" ":" 1#address ; Secondary
- / "Resent-cc" ":" 1#address
- / "bcc" ":" #address ; Blind carbon
- / "Resent-bcc" ":" #address
- DIGIT = <any ASCII decimal digit> ; ( 60- 71, 48.- 57.)
- domain = sub-domain *("." sub-domain)
- domain-literal = "[" *(dtext / quoted-pair) "]"
- domain-ref = atom ; symbolic reference
- dtext = <any CHAR excluding "[", ; => may be folded
- "]", "" & CR, & including
- linear-white-space>
- extension-field =
- <Any field which is defined in a document
- published as a formal extension to this
- specification; none will have names beginning
- with the string "X-">
- August 13, 1982 - 44 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- field = field-name ":" [ field-body ] CRLF
- fields = dates ; Creation time,
- source ; author id & one
- 1*destination ; address required
- *optional-field ; others optional
- field-body = field-body-contents
- [CRLF LWSP-char field-body]
- field-body-contents =
- <the ASCII characters making up the field-body, as
- defined in the following sections, and consisting
- of combinations of atom, quoted-string, and
- specials tokens, or else consisting of texts>
- field-name = 1*<any CHAR, excluding CTLs, SPACE, and ":">
- group = phrase ":" [#mailbox] ";"
- hour = 2DIGIT ":" 2DIGIT [":" 2DIGIT]
- ; 00:00:00 - 23:59:59
- HTAB = <ASCII HT, horizontal-tab> ; ( 11, 9.)
- LF = <ASCII LF, linefeed> ; ( 12, 10.)
- linear-white-space = 1*([CRLF] LWSP-char) ; semantics = SPACE
- ; CRLF => folding
- local-part = word *("." word) ; uninterpreted
- ; case-preserved
- LWSP-char = SPACE / HTAB ; semantics = SPACE
- mailbox = addr-spec ; simple address
- / phrase route-addr ; name & addr-spec
- message = fields *( CRLF *text ) ; Everything after
- ; first null line
- ; is message body
- month = "Jan" / "Feb" / "Mar" / "Apr"
- / "May" / "Jun" / "Jul" / "Aug"
- / "Sep" / "Oct" / "Nov" / "Dec"
- msg-id = "<" addr-spec ">" ; Unique message id
- optional-field =
- / "Message-ID" ":" msg-id
- / "Resent-Message-ID" ":" msg-id
- / "In-Reply-To" ":" *(phrase / msg-id)
- / "References" ":" *(phrase / msg-id)
- / "Keywords" ":" #phrase
- / "Subject" ":" *text
- / "Comments" ":" *text
- / "Encrypted" ":" 1#2word
- / extension-field ; To be defined
- / user-defined-field ; May be pre-empted
- orig-date = "Date" ":" date-time
- originator = authentic ; authenticated addr
- [ "Reply-To" ":" 1#address] )
- phrase = 1*word ; Sequence of words
- August 13, 1982 - 45 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- qtext = <any CHAR excepting <">, ; => may be folded
- "" & CR, and including
- linear-white-space>
- quoted-pair = "" CHAR ; may quote any char
- quoted-string = <"> *(qtext/quoted-pair) <">; Regular qtext or
- ; quoted chars.
- received = "Received" ":" ; one per relay
- ["from" domain] ; sending host
- ["by" domain] ; receiving host
- ["via" atom] ; physical path
- *("with" atom) ; link/mail protocol
- ["id" msg-id] ; receiver msg id
- ["for" addr-spec] ; initial form
- ";" date-time ; time received
- resent = resent-authentic
- [ "Resent-Reply-To" ":" 1#address] )
- resent-authentic =
- = "Resent-From" ":" mailbox
- / ( "Resent-Sender" ":" mailbox
- "Resent-From" ":" 1#mailbox )
- resent-date = "Resent-Date" ":" date-time
- return = "Return-path" ":" route-addr ; return address
- route = 1#("@" domain) ":" ; path-relative
- route-addr = "<" [route] addr-spec ">"
- source = [ trace ] ; net traversals
- originator ; original mail
- [ resent ] ; forwarded
- SPACE = <ASCII SP, space> ; ( 40, 32.)
- specials = "(" / ")" / "<" / ">" / "@" ; Must be in quoted-
- / "," / ";" / ":" / "" / <"> ; string, to use
- / "." / "[" / "]" ; within a word.
- sub-domain = domain-ref / domain-literal
- text = <any CHAR, including bare ; => atoms, specials,
- CR & bare LF, but NOT ; comments and
- including CRLF> ; quoted-strings are
- ; NOT recognized.
- time = hour zone ; ANSI and Military
- trace = return ; path to sender
- 1*received ; receipt tags
- user-defined-field =
- <Any field which has not been defined
- in this specification or published as an
- extension to this specification; names for
- such fields must be unique and may be
- pre-empted by published extensions>
- word = atom / quoted-string
- August 13, 1982 - 46 - RFC #822
-
- Standard for ARPA Internet Text Messages
- zone = "UT" / "GMT" ; Universal Time
- ; North American : UT
- / "EST" / "EDT" ; Eastern: - 5/ - 4
- / "CST" / "CDT" ; Central: - 6/ - 5
- / "MST" / "MDT" ; Mountain: - 7/ - 6
- / "PST" / "PDT" ; Pacific: - 8/ - 7
- / 1ALPHA ; Military: Z = UT;
- <"> = <ASCII quote mark> ; ( 42, 34.)
- August 13, 1982 - 47 - RFC #822