rfc1731.txt
上传用户:ycwykj01
上传日期:2007-01-04
资源大小:1819k
文件大小:11k
- Network Working Group J. Myers
- Request for Comments: 1731 Carnegie Mellon
- Category: Standards Track December 1994
- IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms
- Status of this Memo
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
- 1. Introduction
- The Internet Message Access Protocol, Version 4 [IMAP4] contains the
- AUTHENTICATE command, for identifying and authenticating a user to an
- IMAP4 server and for optionally negotiating a protection mechanism
- for subsequent protocol interactions. This document describes
- several authentication mechanisms for use by the IMAP4 AUTHENTICATE
- command.
- 2. Kerberos version 4 authentication mechanism
- The authentication type associated with Kerberos version 4 is
- "KERBEROS_V4".
- The data encoded in the first ready response contains a random 32-bit
- number in network byte order. The client should respond with a
- Kerberos ticket and an authenticator for the principal
- "imap.hostname@realm", where "hostname" is the first component of the
- host name of the server with all letters in lower case and where
- "realm" is the Kerberos realm of the server. The encrypted checksum
- field included within the Kerberos authenticator should contain the
- server provided 32-bit number in network byte order.
- Upon decrypting and verifying the ticket and authenticator, the
- server should verify that the contained checksum field equals the
- original server provided random 32-bit number. Should the
- verification be successful, the server must add one to the checksum
- and construct 8 octets of data, with the first four octets containing
- the incremented checksum in network byte order, the fifth octet
- containing a bit-mask specifying the protection mechanisms supported
- by the server, and the sixth through eighth octets containing, in
- Myers [Page 1]
- RFC 1731 IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms December 1994
- network byte order, the maximum cipher-text buffer size the server is
- able to receive. The server must encrypt the 8 octets of data in the
- session key and issue that encrypted data in a second ready response.
- The client should consider the server authenticated if the first four
- octets the un-encrypted data is equal to one plus the checksum it
- previously sent.
- The client must construct data with the first four octets containing
- the original server-issued checksum in network byte order, the fifth
- octet containing the bit-mask specifying the selected protection
- mechanism, the sixth through eighth octets containing in network byte
- order the maximum cipher-text buffer size the client is able to
- receive, and the following octets containing a user name string. The
- client must then append from one to eight octets so that the length
- of the data is a multiple of eight octets. The client must then PCBC
- encrypt the data with the session key and respond to the second ready
- response with the encrypted data. The server decrypts the data and
- verifies the contained checksum. The username field identifies the
- user for whom subsequent IMAP operations are to be performed; the
- server must verify that the principal identified in the Kerberos
- ticket is authorized to connect as that user. After these
- verifications, the authentication process is complete.
- The protection mechanisms and their corresponding bit-masks are as
- follows:
- 1 No protection mechanism
- 2 Integrity (krb_mk_safe) protection
- 4 Privacy (krb_mk_priv) protection
- EXAMPLE: The following are two Kerberos version 4 login scenarios
- (note that the line breaks in the sample authenticators are for
- editorial clarity and are not in real authenticators)
- S: * OK IMAP4 Server
- C: A001 AUTHENTICATE KERBEROS_V4
- S: + AmFYig==
- C: BAcAQU5EUkVXLkNNVS5FRFUAOCAsho84kLN3/IJmrMG+25a4DT
- +nZImJjnTNHJUtxAA+o0KPKfHEcAFs9a3CL5Oebe/ydHJUwYFd
- WwuQ1MWiy6IesKvjL5rL9WjXUb9MwT9bpObYLGOKi1Qh
- S: + or//EoAADZI=
- C: DiAF5A4gA+oOIALuBkAAmw==
- S: A001 OK Kerberos V4 authentication successful
- Myers [Page 2]
- RFC 1731 IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms December 1994
- S: * OK IMAP4 Server
- C: A001 AUTHENTICATE KERBEROS_V4
- S: + gcfgCA==
- C: BAcAQU5EUkVXLkNNVS5FRFUAOCAsho84kLN3/IJmrMG+25a4DT
- +nZImJjnTNHJUtxAA+o0KPKfHEcAFs9a3CL5Oebe/ydHJUwYFd
- WwuQ1MWiy6IesKvjL5rL9WjXUb9MwT9bpObYLGOKi1Qh
- S: A001 NO Kerberos V4 authentication failed
- 3. GSSAPI authentication mechanism
- The authentication type associated with all mechanisms employing the
- GSSAPI [RFC1508] is "GSSAPI".
- The first ready response issued by the server contains no data. The
- client should call GSS_Init_sec_context, passing in 0 for
- input_context_handle (initially) and a targ_name equal to output_name
- from GSS_Import_Name called with input_name_type of NULL and
- input_name_string of "SERVICE:imap@hostname" where "hostname" is the
- fully qualified host name of the server with all letters in lower
- case. The client must then respond with the resulting output_token.
- If GSS_Init_sec_context returns GSS_CONTINUE_NEEDED, then the client
- should expect the server to issue a token in a subsequent ready
- response. The client must pass the token to another call to
- GSS_Init_sec_context.
- If GSS_Init_sec_context returns GSS_COMPLETE, then the client should
- respond with any resulting output_token. If there is no
- output_token, the client should respond with no data. The client
- should then expect the server to issue a token in a subsequent ready
- response. The client should pass this token to GSS_Unseal and
- interpret the first octet of resulting cleartext as a bit-mask
- specifying the protection mechanisms supported by the server and the
- second through fourth octets as the maximum size output_message to
- send to the server. The client should construct data, with the first
- octet containing the bit-mask specifying the selected protection
- mechanism, the second through fourth octets containing in network
- byte order the maximum size output_message the client is able to
- receive, and the remaining octets containing a user name string. The
- client must pass the data to GSS_Seal with conf_flag set to FALSE,
- and respond with the generated output_message. The client can then
- consider the server authenticated.
- The server must issue a ready response with no data and pass the
- resulting client supplied token to GSS_Accept_sec_context as
- input_token, setting acceptor_cred_handle to NULL (for "use default
- credentials"), and 0 for input_context_handle (initially). If
- GSS_Accept_sec_context returns GSS_CONTINUE_NEEDED, the server should
- Myers [Page 3]
- RFC 1731 IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms December 1994
- return the generated output_token to the client in a ready response
- and pass the resulting client supplied token to another call to
- GSS_Accept_sec_context.
- If GSS_Accept_sec_context returns GSS_COMPLETE, then if an
- output_token is returned, the server should return it to the client
- in a ready response and expect a reply from the client with no data.
- Whether or not an output_token was returned, the server then should
- then construct 4 octets of data, with the first octet containing a
- bit-mask specifying the protection mechanisms supported by the server
- and the second through fourth octets containing in network byte order
- the maximum size output_token the server is able to receive. The
- server must then pass the plaintext to GSS_Seal with conf_flag set to
- FALSE and issue the generated output_message to the client in a ready
- response. The server must then pass the resulting client supplied
- token to GSS_Unseal and interpret the first octet of resulting
- cleartext as the bit-mask for the selected protection mechanism, the
- second through fourth octets as the maximum size output_message to
- send to the client, and the remaining octets as the user name. Upon
- verifying the src_name is authorized to authenticate as the user
- name, The server should then consider the client authenticated.
- The protection mechanisms and their corresponding bit-masks are as
- follows:
- 1 No protection mechanism
- 2 Integrity protection.
- Sender calls GSS_Seal with conf_flag set to FALSE
- 4 Privacy protection.
- Sender calls GSS_Seal with conf_flag set to TRUE
- 4. S/Key authentication mechanism
- The authentication type associated with S/Key [SKEY] is "SKEY".
- The first ready response issued by the server contains no data. The
- client responds with the user name string.
- The data encoded in the second ready response contains the decimal
- sequence number followed by a single space and the seed string for
- the indicated user. The client responds with the one-time-password,
- as either a 64-bit value in network byte order or encoded in the "six
- English words" format.
- Upon successful verification of the one-time-password, the server
- should consider the client authenticated.
- Myers [Page 4]
- RFC 1731 IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms December 1994
- S/Key authentication does not provide for any protection mechanisms.
- EXAMPLE: The following are two S/Key login scenarios.
- S: * OK IMAP4 Server
- C: A001 AUTHENTICATE SKEY
- S: +
- C: bW9yZ2Fu
- S: + OTUgUWE1ODMwOA==
- C: Rk9VUiBNQU5OIFNPT04gRklSIFZBUlkgTUFTSA==
- S: A001 OK S/Key authentication successful
- S: * OK IMAP4 Server
- C: A001 AUTHENTICATE SKEY
- S: +
- C: c21pdGg=
- S: + OTUgUWE1ODMwOA==
- C: BsAY3g4gBNo=
- S: A001 NO S/Key authentication failed
- 5. References
- [IMAP4] Crispin, M., "Internet Message Access Protocol - Version 4",
- RFC 1730, University of Washington, December 1994.
- [RFC1508] Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
- Interface", RFC 1508, Geer Zolot Associates, September 1993.
- [SKEY] Haller, Neil M. "The S/Key One-Time Password System",
- Bellcore, Morristown, New Jersey, October 1993,
- thumper.bellcore.com:pub/nmh/docs/ISOC.symp.ps
- Myers [Page 5]
- RFC 1731 IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms December 1994
- 6. Security Considerations
- Security issues are discussed throughout this memo.
- 7. Author's Address
- John G. Myers
- Carnegie-Mellon University
- 5000 Forbes Ave.
- Pittsburgh PA, 15213-3890
- EMail: jgm+@cmu.edu
- Myers [Page 6]