postgres.1
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- ." This is -*-nroff-*-
- ." XXX standard disclaimer belongs here....
- ." $Header: /usr/local/cvsroot/pgsql/src/man/Attic/postgres.1,v 1.16 1999/05/22 17:47:47 tgl Exp $
- .TH POSTGRESQL UNIX 05/19/99 PostgreSQL PostgreSQL
- .SH NAME
- postgres - the Postgres backend server
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .BR "postgres"
- [c
- .BR "-B"
- n_buffers]
- [c
- .BR "-C"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-D"
- data_directory]
- [c
- .BR "-E"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-F"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-O"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-Q"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-S kbytes"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-d"
- debug_level]
- [c
- .BR "-e"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-o"
- output_file]
- [c
- .BR "-s"
- ]
- [c
- .BR "-v protocol"
- ]
- [dbname]
- .in -5n
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- The Postgres backend server can be executed directly from the user shell.
- This should be done only while debugging by the DBA, and should not be
- done while other Postgres backends are being managed by a
- .IR postmaster
- on this set of databases.
- .PP
- Some of the switches explained in this man page can be passed to the backend
- through the "database options" field of a connection request, and thus can be
- set for a particular backend without going to the trouble of restarting the
- postmaster. This is particularly handy for debugging-related switches.
- .PP
- The optional argument
- .IR dbname
- specifies the name of the database to be accessed.
- .IR Dbname
- defaults to the value of the
- .SM USER
- environment variable.
- .PP
- The
- .IR postgres
- server understands the following command-line options:
- .TP
- .BR "-B" " n_buffers"
- If the backend is running under the
- .IR postmaster ,
- .IR "n_buffers"
- is the number of shared-memory buffers that the
- .IR "postmaster"
- has allocated for the backend server processes that it starts. If the
- backend is running standalone, this specifies the number of buffers to
- allocate. This value defaults to 64 buffers, where each buffer is 8k bytes
- (or whatever BLCKSZ is set to in config.h).
- .TP
- .BR "-C"
- Do not show server version number.
- .TP
- .BR "-D" " data_directory"
- This option specifies the pathname of the directory that contains the
- database system data (the tables, the catalogs, etc.). If you don't
- specify this option, Postgres uses the value of the PGDATA environment
- variable. You must either specify a -D option or set PGDATA.
-
- The data directory pathname for a database system is normally determined when
- the database system is created with
- .IR initdb ,
- with a --pgdata option to
- .IR initdb .
- .TP
- .BR "-E"
- Echo all queries.
- .TP
- .BR "-F"
- Disable automatic fsync() call after each transaction.
- This option improves performance, but an operating system crash
- while a transaction is in progress will probably cause data loss.
- .TP
- .BR "-O"
- Override restrictions, so system table structures can be modified(pg_*).
- .TP
- .BR "-Q"
- Specifies *(lqquiet*(rq mode.
- .TP
- .BR "-S" " kbytes"
- Specifies the amount of memory to be used by internal sorts and hashes
- before resorting to temporary disk files. The value is specified in
- kilobytes, and defaults to 512 kilobytes. Note that for a complex query,
- several sorts and/or hashes might be running in parallel, and each one
- will be allowed to use as much as -S kilobytes before it starts to put
- data into temporary files.
- .TP
- .BR "-e"
- The
- .IR "-e"
- option controls how dates are input to and output from the database.
- .IP
- If the
- .IR "-e"
- option is supplied, then all dates passed to and from the frontend
- processes will be assumed to be in
- .IR "European"
- format ie.
- .IR "DD-MM-YYYY"
- otherwise dates are input and output in
- .IR "American"
- format ie.
- .IR "MM-DD-YYYY"
- .TP
- .BR "-d" " debug_level"
- Turns on debugging at the numeric level
- .IR "debug_level" .
- Turning on debugging will cause query, parse trees, and query plans to
- be displayed.
- .TP
- .BR "-o" " output_file"
- Sends all debugging and error output to
- .IR output_file .
- If the backend is running under the
- .IR postmaster ,
- error messages are still sent to the frontend process as well as to
- .IR output_file ,
- but debugging output is sent to the controlling tty of the
- .IR postmaster
- (since only one file descriptor can be sent to an actual file).
- .TP
- .BR "-s"
- Print time information and other statistics at the end of each query.
- This is useful for benchmarking or for use in tuning the number of
- buffers.
- .TP
- .BR "-v" " protocol"
- Specifies the number of the frontend/backend protocol to be used for this
- particular session.
- .SH "DEVELOPER COMMAND OPTIONS"
- There are several other options that may be specified, used mainly
- for debugging purposes. These are listed here only for the use by
- Postgres system developers.
- .BR "Use of any of these options is highly discouraged" .
- Furthermore, any of these options may disappear or change at any time.
- .TP
- .BR "-A" "n|r|b|QfInfP|XfInfP"
- .IP
- This option generates a tremendous amount of output.
- .TP
- .BR "-L"
- Turns off the locking system.
- .TP
- .BR "-N"
- Disables use of newline as a query delimiter.
- .TP
- .BR "-f"
- Forbids the use of particular scan and join methods:
- .IR s " and " i
- disable sequential and index scans respectively, while
- .IR n ", " m " and " h
- disable nested-loop, merge and hash joins respectively.
- (Neither sequential scans nor nested-loop joins can be disabled completely;
- the -fs and -fn options simply discourage the optimizer from using those
- plan types if it has any other alternative.)
- .TP
- .BR "-i"
- Prevents query execution, but shows the plan tree.
- .TP
- .BR "-p" " databasename"
- Indicates to the backend server that it has been started by a
- .IR postmaster
- and make different assumptions about buffer pool management, file
- descriptors, etc. Switches following -p are restricted to those
- considered "secure".
- .TP
- .BR "-t" "pa[rser]|pl[anner]|e[xecutor]"
- Print timing statistics for each query relating to each of the major
- system modules. This option cannot be used with
- .BR "-s" .
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- ipcclean(1),
- psql(1),
- postmaster(1).
- .SH "DIAGNOSTICS"
- Of the nigh-infinite number of error messages you may see when you
- execute the backend server directly, the most common will probably be:
- .TP
- .BR "semget: No space left on device"
- If you see this message, you should run the
- .IR ipcclean
- command. After doing this, try starting
- .IR postgres
- again. If this still doesn't work, you probably need to configure
- your kernel for shared memory and semaphores as described in the
- installation notes.