hashpage.c
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上传日期:2007-01-07
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文件大小:19k
- /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- *
- * hashpage.c
- * Hash table page management code for the Postgres hash access method
- *
- * Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
- *
- *
- * IDENTIFICATION
- * $Header: /usr/local/cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/access/hash/hashpage.c,v 1.20.2.1 1999/08/02 05:56:34 scrappy Exp $
- *
- * NOTES
- * Postgres hash pages look like ordinary relation pages. The opaque
- * data at high addresses includes information about the page including
- * whether a page is an overflow page or a true bucket, the block
- * numbers of the preceding and following pages, and the overflow
- * address of the page if it is an overflow page.
- *
- * The first page in a hash relation, page zero, is special -- it stores
- * information describing the hash table; it is referred to as teh
- * "meta page." Pages one and higher store the actual data.
- *
- *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
- */
- #include "postgres.h"
- #include "access/genam.h"
- #include "access/hash.h"
- #include "miscadmin.h"
- static void _hash_setpagelock(Relation rel, BlockNumber blkno, int access);
- static void _hash_unsetpagelock(Relation rel, BlockNumber blkno, int access);
- static void _hash_splitpage(Relation rel, Buffer metabuf, Bucket obucket, Bucket nbucket);
- /*
- * We use high-concurrency locking on hash indices. There are two cases in
- * which we don't do locking. One is when we're building the index.
- * Since the creating transaction has not committed, no one can see
- * the index, and there's no reason to share locks. The second case
- * is when we're just starting up the database system. We use some
- * special-purpose initialization code in the relation cache manager
- * (see utils/cache/relcache.c) to allow us to do indexed scans on
- * the system catalogs before we'd normally be able to. This happens
- * before the lock table is fully initialized, so we can't use it.
- * Strictly speaking, this violates 2pl, but we don't do 2pl on the
- * system catalogs anyway.
- */
- #define USELOCKING (!BuildingHash && !IsInitProcessingMode())
- /*
- * _hash_metapinit() -- Initialize the metadata page of a hash index,
- * the two buckets that we begin with and the initial
- * bitmap page.
- */
- void
- _hash_metapinit(Relation rel)
- {
- HashMetaPage metap;
- HashPageOpaque pageopaque;
- Buffer metabuf;
- Buffer buf;
- Page pg;
- int nbuckets;
- uint32 nelem; /* number elements */
- uint32 lg2nelem; /* _hash_log2(nelem) */
- uint32 nblocks;
- uint16 i;
- /* can't be sharing this with anyone, now... */
- if (USELOCKING)
- LockRelation(rel, AccessExclusiveLock);
- if ((nblocks = RelationGetNumberOfBlocks(rel)) != 0)
- {
- elog(ERROR, "Cannot initialize non-empty hash table %s",
- RelationGetRelationName(rel));
- }
- metabuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, HASH_METAPAGE, HASH_WRITE);
- pg = BufferGetPage(metabuf);
- metap = (HashMetaPage) pg;
- _hash_pageinit(pg, BufferGetPageSize(metabuf));
- metap->hashm_magic = HASH_MAGIC;
- metap->hashm_version = HASH_VERSION;
- metap->hashm_nkeys = 0;
- metap->hashm_nmaps = 0;
- metap->hashm_ffactor = DEFAULT_FFACTOR;
- metap->hashm_bsize = BufferGetPageSize(metabuf);
- metap->hashm_bshift = _hash_log2(metap->hashm_bsize);
- for (i = metap->hashm_bshift; i > 0; --i)
- {
- if ((1 << i) < (metap->hashm_bsize -
- (MAXALIGN(sizeof(PageHeaderData)) +
- MAXALIGN(sizeof(HashPageOpaqueData)))))
- break;
- }
- Assert(i);
- metap->hashm_bmsize = 1 << i;
- metap->hashm_procid = index_getprocid(rel, 1, HASHPROC);
- /*
- * Make nelem = 2 rather than 0 so that we end up allocating space for
- * the next greater power of two number of buckets.
- */
- nelem = 2;
- lg2nelem = 1; /* _hash_log2(MAX(nelem, 2)) */
- nbuckets = 2; /* 1 << lg2nelem */
- MemSet((char *) metap->hashm_spares, 0, sizeof(metap->hashm_spares));
- MemSet((char *) metap->hashm_mapp, 0, sizeof(metap->hashm_mapp));
- metap->hashm_spares[lg2nelem] = 2; /* lg2nelem + 1 */
- metap->hashm_spares[lg2nelem + 1] = 2; /* lg2nelem + 1 */
- metap->hashm_ovflpoint = 1; /* lg2nelem */
- metap->hashm_lastfreed = 2;
- metap->hashm_maxbucket = metap->hashm_lowmask = 1; /* nbuckets - 1 */
- metap->hashm_highmask = 3; /* (nbuckets << 1) - 1 */
- pageopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(pg);
- pageopaque->hasho_oaddr = InvalidOvflAddress;
- pageopaque->hasho_prevblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
- pageopaque->hasho_nextblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
- pageopaque->hasho_flag = LH_META_PAGE;
- pageopaque->hasho_bucket = -1;
- /*
- * First bitmap page is at: splitpoint lg2nelem page offset 1 which
- * turns out to be page 3. Couldn't initialize page 3 until we
- * created the first two buckets above.
- */
- if (_hash_initbitmap(rel, metap, OADDR_OF(lg2nelem, 1), lg2nelem + 1, 0))
- elog(ERROR, "Problem with _hash_initbitmap.");
- /* all done */
- _hash_wrtnorelbuf(rel, metabuf);
- /*
- * initialize the first two buckets
- */
- for (i = 0; i <= 1; i++)
- {
- buf = _hash_getbuf(rel, BUCKET_TO_BLKNO(i), HASH_WRITE);
- pg = BufferGetPage(buf);
- _hash_pageinit(pg, BufferGetPageSize(buf));
- pageopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(pg);
- pageopaque->hasho_oaddr = InvalidOvflAddress;
- pageopaque->hasho_prevblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
- pageopaque->hasho_nextblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
- pageopaque->hasho_flag = LH_BUCKET_PAGE;
- pageopaque->hasho_bucket = i;
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, buf);
- }
- _hash_relbuf(rel, metabuf, HASH_WRITE);
- if (USELOCKING)
- UnlockRelation(rel, AccessExclusiveLock);
- }
- /*
- * _hash_getbuf() -- Get a buffer by block number for read or write.
- *
- * When this routine returns, the appropriate lock is set on the
- * requested buffer its reference count is correct.
- *
- * XXX P_NEW is not used because, unlike the tree structures, we
- * need the bucket blocks to be at certain block numbers. we must
- * depend on the caller to call _hash_pageinit on the block if it
- * knows that this is a new block.
- */
- Buffer
- _hash_getbuf(Relation rel, BlockNumber blkno, int access)
- {
- Buffer buf;
- if (blkno == P_NEW)
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_getbuf: internal error: hash AM does not use P_NEW");
- switch (access)
- {
- case HASH_WRITE:
- case HASH_READ:
- _hash_setpagelock(rel, blkno, access);
- break;
- default:
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_getbuf: invalid access (%d) on new blk: %s",
- access, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
- break;
- }
- buf = ReadBuffer(rel, blkno);
- /* ref count and lock type are correct */
- return buf;
- }
- /*
- * _hash_relbuf() -- release a locked buffer.
- */
- void
- _hash_relbuf(Relation rel, Buffer buf, int access)
- {
- BlockNumber blkno;
- blkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(buf);
- switch (access)
- {
- case HASH_WRITE:
- case HASH_READ:
- _hash_unsetpagelock(rel, blkno, access);
- break;
- default:
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_relbuf: invalid access (%d) on blk %x: %s",
- access, blkno, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
- }
- ReleaseBuffer(buf);
- }
- /*
- * _hash_wrtbuf() -- write a hash page to disk.
- *
- * This routine releases the lock held on the buffer and our reference
- * to it. It is an error to call _hash_wrtbuf() without a write lock
- * or a reference to the buffer.
- */
- void
- _hash_wrtbuf(Relation rel, Buffer buf)
- {
- BlockNumber blkno;
- blkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(buf);
- WriteBuffer(buf);
- _hash_unsetpagelock(rel, blkno, HASH_WRITE);
- }
- /*
- * _hash_wrtnorelbuf() -- write a hash page to disk, but do not release
- * our reference or lock.
- *
- * It is an error to call _hash_wrtnorelbuf() without a write lock
- * or a reference to the buffer.
- */
- void
- _hash_wrtnorelbuf(Relation rel, Buffer buf)
- {
- BlockNumber blkno;
- blkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(buf);
- WriteNoReleaseBuffer(buf);
- }
- Page
- _hash_chgbufaccess(Relation rel,
- Buffer *bufp,
- int from_access,
- int to_access)
- {
- BlockNumber blkno;
- blkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(*bufp);
- switch (from_access)
- {
- case HASH_WRITE:
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, *bufp);
- break;
- case HASH_READ:
- _hash_relbuf(rel, *bufp, from_access);
- break;
- default:
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_chgbufaccess: invalid access (%d) on blk %x: %s",
- from_access, blkno, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
- break;
- }
- *bufp = _hash_getbuf(rel, blkno, to_access);
- return BufferGetPage(*bufp);
- }
- /*
- * _hash_pageinit() -- Initialize a new page.
- */
- void
- _hash_pageinit(Page page, Size size)
- {
- Assert(((PageHeader) page)->pd_lower == 0);
- Assert(((PageHeader) page)->pd_upper == 0);
- Assert(((PageHeader) page)->pd_special == 0);
- /*
- * Cargo-cult programming -- don't really need this to be zero, but
- * creating new pages is an infrequent occurrence and it makes me feel
- * good when I know they're empty.
- */
- MemSet(page, 0, size);
- PageInit(page, size, sizeof(HashPageOpaqueData));
- }
- static void
- _hash_setpagelock(Relation rel,
- BlockNumber blkno,
- int access)
- {
- if (USELOCKING)
- {
- switch (access)
- {
- case HASH_WRITE:
- LockPage(rel, blkno, ExclusiveLock);
- break;
- case HASH_READ:
- LockPage(rel, blkno, ShareLock);
- break;
- default:
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_setpagelock: invalid access (%d) on blk %x: %s",
- access, blkno, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- static void
- _hash_unsetpagelock(Relation rel,
- BlockNumber blkno,
- int access)
- {
- if (USELOCKING)
- {
- switch (access)
- {
- case HASH_WRITE:
- UnlockPage(rel, blkno, ExclusiveLock);
- break;
- case HASH_READ:
- UnlockPage(rel, blkno, ShareLock);
- break;
- default:
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_unsetpagelock: invalid access (%d) on blk %x: %s",
- access, blkno, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- void
- _hash_pagedel(Relation rel, ItemPointer tid)
- {
- Buffer buf;
- Buffer metabuf;
- Page page;
- BlockNumber blkno;
- OffsetNumber offno;
- HashMetaPage metap;
- HashPageOpaque opaque;
- blkno = ItemPointerGetBlockNumber(tid);
- offno = ItemPointerGetOffsetNumber(tid);
- buf = _hash_getbuf(rel, blkno, HASH_WRITE);
- page = BufferGetPage(buf);
- _hash_checkpage(page, LH_BUCKET_PAGE | LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
- opaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(page);
- PageIndexTupleDelete(page, offno);
- _hash_wrtnorelbuf(rel, buf);
- if (PageIsEmpty(page) && (opaque->hasho_flag & LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE))
- {
- buf = _hash_freeovflpage(rel, buf);
- if (BufferIsValid(buf))
- _hash_relbuf(rel, buf, HASH_WRITE);
- }
- else
- _hash_relbuf(rel, buf, HASH_WRITE);
- metabuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, HASH_METAPAGE, HASH_WRITE);
- metap = (HashMetaPage) BufferGetPage(metabuf);
- _hash_checkpage((Page) metap, LH_META_PAGE);
- ++metap->hashm_nkeys;
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, metabuf);
- }
- void
- _hash_expandtable(Relation rel, Buffer metabuf)
- {
- HashMetaPage metap;
- Bucket old_bucket;
- Bucket new_bucket;
- uint32 spare_ndx;
- /* elog(DEBUG, "_hash_expandtable: expanding..."); */
- metap = (HashMetaPage) BufferGetPage(metabuf);
- _hash_checkpage((Page) metap, LH_META_PAGE);
- metap = (HashMetaPage) _hash_chgbufaccess(rel, &metabuf, HASH_READ, HASH_WRITE);
- new_bucket = ++metap->MAX_BUCKET;
- metap = (HashMetaPage) _hash_chgbufaccess(rel, &metabuf, HASH_WRITE, HASH_READ);
- old_bucket = (metap->MAX_BUCKET & metap->LOW_MASK);
- /*
- * If the split point is increasing (MAX_BUCKET's log base 2 *
- * increases), we need to copy the current contents of the spare split
- * bucket to the next bucket.
- */
- spare_ndx = _hash_log2(metap->MAX_BUCKET + 1);
- if (spare_ndx > metap->OVFL_POINT)
- {
- metap = (HashMetaPage) _hash_chgbufaccess(rel, &metabuf, HASH_READ, HASH_WRITE);
- metap->SPARES[spare_ndx] = metap->SPARES[metap->OVFL_POINT];
- metap->OVFL_POINT = spare_ndx;
- metap = (HashMetaPage) _hash_chgbufaccess(rel, &metabuf, HASH_WRITE, HASH_READ);
- }
- if (new_bucket > metap->HIGH_MASK)
- {
- /* Starting a new doubling */
- metap = (HashMetaPage) _hash_chgbufaccess(rel, &metabuf, HASH_READ, HASH_WRITE);
- metap->LOW_MASK = metap->HIGH_MASK;
- metap->HIGH_MASK = new_bucket | metap->LOW_MASK;
- metap = (HashMetaPage) _hash_chgbufaccess(rel, &metabuf, HASH_WRITE, HASH_READ);
- }
- /* Relocate records to the new bucket */
- _hash_splitpage(rel, metabuf, old_bucket, new_bucket);
- }
- /*
- * _hash_splitpage -- split 'obucket' into 'obucket' and 'nbucket'
- *
- * this routine is actually misnamed -- we are splitting a bucket that
- * consists of a base bucket page and zero or more overflow (bucket
- * chain) pages.
- */
- static void
- _hash_splitpage(Relation rel,
- Buffer metabuf,
- Bucket obucket,
- Bucket nbucket)
- {
- Bucket bucket;
- Buffer obuf;
- Buffer nbuf;
- Buffer ovflbuf;
- BlockNumber oblkno;
- BlockNumber nblkno;
- bool null;
- Datum datum;
- HashItem hitem;
- HashPageOpaque oopaque;
- HashPageOpaque nopaque;
- HashMetaPage metap;
- IndexTuple itup;
- int itemsz;
- OffsetNumber ooffnum;
- OffsetNumber noffnum;
- OffsetNumber omaxoffnum;
- Page opage;
- Page npage;
- TupleDesc itupdesc;
- /* elog(DEBUG, "_hash_splitpage: splitting %d into %d,%d",
- obucket, obucket, nbucket);
- */
- metap = (HashMetaPage) BufferGetPage(metabuf);
- _hash_checkpage((Page) metap, LH_META_PAGE);
- /* get the buffers & pages */
- oblkno = BUCKET_TO_BLKNO(obucket);
- nblkno = BUCKET_TO_BLKNO(nbucket);
- obuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, oblkno, HASH_WRITE);
- nbuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, nblkno, HASH_WRITE);
- opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
- npage = BufferGetPage(nbuf);
- /* initialize the new bucket */
- _hash_pageinit(npage, BufferGetPageSize(nbuf));
- nopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(npage);
- nopaque->hasho_prevblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
- nopaque->hasho_nextblkno = InvalidBlockNumber;
- nopaque->hasho_flag = LH_BUCKET_PAGE;
- nopaque->hasho_oaddr = InvalidOvflAddress;
- nopaque->hasho_bucket = nbucket;
- _hash_wrtnorelbuf(rel, nbuf);
- /*
- * make sure the old bucket isn't empty. advance 'opage' and friends
- * through the overflow bucket chain until we find a non-empty page.
- *
- * XXX we should only need this once, if we are careful to preserve the
- * invariant that overflow pages are never empty.
- */
- _hash_checkpage(opage, LH_BUCKET_PAGE);
- oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);
- if (PageIsEmpty(opage))
- {
- oblkno = oopaque->hasho_nextblkno;
- _hash_relbuf(rel, obuf, HASH_WRITE);
- if (!BlockNumberIsValid(oblkno))
- {
- /*
- * the old bucket is completely empty; of course, the new
- * bucket will be as well, but since it's a base bucket page
- * we don't care.
- */
- _hash_relbuf(rel, nbuf, HASH_WRITE);
- return;
- }
- obuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, oblkno, HASH_WRITE);
- opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
- _hash_checkpage(opage, LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
- if (PageIsEmpty(opage))
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_splitpage: empty overflow page %d", oblkno);
- oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);
- }
- /*
- * we are now guaranteed that 'opage' is not empty. partition the
- * tuples in the old bucket between the old bucket and the new bucket,
- * advancing along their respective overflow bucket chains and adding
- * overflow pages as needed.
- */
- ooffnum = FirstOffsetNumber;
- omaxoffnum = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(opage);
- for (;;)
- {
- /*
- * at each iteration through this loop, each of these variables
- * should be up-to-date: obuf opage oopaque ooffnum omaxoffnum
- */
- /* check if we're at the end of the page */
- if (ooffnum > omaxoffnum)
- {
- /* at end of page, but check for overflow page */
- oblkno = oopaque->hasho_nextblkno;
- if (BlockNumberIsValid(oblkno))
- {
- /*
- * we ran out of tuples on this particular page, but we
- * have more overflow pages; re-init values.
- */
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, obuf);
- obuf = _hash_getbuf(rel, oblkno, HASH_WRITE);
- opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
- _hash_checkpage(opage, LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
- oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);
- /* we're guaranteed that an ovfl page has at least 1 tuple */
- if (PageIsEmpty(opage))
- {
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_splitpage: empty ovfl page %d!",
- oblkno);
- }
- ooffnum = FirstOffsetNumber;
- omaxoffnum = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(opage);
- }
- else
- {
- /*
- * we're at the end of the bucket chain, so now we're
- * really done with everything. before quitting, call
- * _hash_squeezebucket to ensure the tuples in the bucket
- * (including the overflow pages) are packed as tightly as
- * possible.
- */
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, obuf);
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, nbuf);
- _hash_squeezebucket(rel, metap, obucket);
- return;
- }
- }
- /* hash on the tuple */
- hitem = (HashItem) PageGetItem(opage, PageGetItemId(opage, ooffnum));
- itup = &(hitem->hash_itup);
- itupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
- datum = index_getattr(itup, 1, itupdesc, &null);
- bucket = _hash_call(rel, metap, datum);
- if (bucket == nbucket)
- {
- /*
- * insert the tuple into the new bucket. if it doesn't fit on
- * the current page in the new bucket, we must allocate a new
- * overflow page and place the tuple on that page instead.
- */
- itemsz = IndexTupleDSize(hitem->hash_itup)
- + (sizeof(HashItemData) - sizeof(IndexTupleData));
- itemsz = MAXALIGN(itemsz);
- if (PageGetFreeSpace(npage) < itemsz)
- {
- ovflbuf = _hash_addovflpage(rel, &metabuf, nbuf);
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, nbuf);
- nbuf = ovflbuf;
- npage = BufferGetPage(nbuf);
- _hash_checkpage(npage, LH_BUCKET_PAGE | LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
- }
- noffnum = OffsetNumberNext(PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(npage));
- PageAddItem(npage, (Item) hitem, itemsz, noffnum, LP_USED);
- _hash_wrtnorelbuf(rel, nbuf);
- /*
- * now delete the tuple from the old bucket. after this
- * section of code, 'ooffnum' will actually point to the
- * ItemId to which we would point if we had advanced it before
- * the deletion (PageIndexTupleDelete repacks the ItemId
- * array). this also means that 'omaxoffnum' is exactly one
- * less than it used to be, so we really can just decrement it
- * instead of calling PageGetMaxOffsetNumber.
- */
- PageIndexTupleDelete(opage, ooffnum);
- _hash_wrtnorelbuf(rel, obuf);
- omaxoffnum = OffsetNumberPrev(omaxoffnum);
- /*
- * tidy up. if the old page was an overflow page and it is
- * now empty, we must free it (we want to preserve the
- * invariant that overflow pages cannot be empty).
- */
- if (PageIsEmpty(opage) &&
- (oopaque->hasho_flag & LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE))
- {
- obuf = _hash_freeovflpage(rel, obuf);
- /* check that we're not through the bucket chain */
- if (BufferIsInvalid(obuf))
- {
- _hash_wrtbuf(rel, nbuf);
- _hash_squeezebucket(rel, metap, obucket);
- return;
- }
- /*
- * re-init. again, we're guaranteed that an ovfl page has
- * at least one tuple.
- */
- opage = BufferGetPage(obuf);
- _hash_checkpage(opage, LH_OVERFLOW_PAGE);
- oblkno = BufferGetBlockNumber(obuf);
- oopaque = (HashPageOpaque) PageGetSpecialPointer(opage);
- if (PageIsEmpty(opage))
- {
- elog(ERROR, "_hash_splitpage: empty overflow page %d",
- oblkno);
- }
- ooffnum = FirstOffsetNumber;
- omaxoffnum = PageGetMaxOffsetNumber(opage);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- /*
- * the tuple stays on this page. we didn't move anything, so
- * we didn't delete anything and therefore we don't have to
- * change 'omaxoffnum'.
- *
- * XXX any hash value from [0, nbucket-1] will map to this
- * bucket, which doesn't make sense to me.
- */
- ooffnum = OffsetNumberNext(ooffnum);
- }
- }
- /* NOTREACHED */
- }