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- Subselect notes from Vadim.
- From owner-pgsql-hackers@hub.org Fri Feb 13 09:01:19 1998
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- (envelope-from vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su)
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- Date: Fri, 13 Feb 1998 20:50:50 +0700
- From: "Vadim B. Mikheev" <vadim@sable.krasnoyarsk.su>
- Organization: ITTS (Krasnoyarsk)
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- To: PostgreSQL Developers List <hackers@postgreSQL.org>
- Subject: [HACKERS] Subselects are in CVS...
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- Status: OR
- This is some implementation notes and opened issues...
- First, implementation uses new type of parameters - PARAM_EXEC - to deal
- with correlation Vars. When query_planner() is called, it first tries to
- replace all upper queries Var referenced in current query with Param of
- this type. Some global variables are used to keep mapping of Vars to
- Params and Params to Vars.
- After this, all current query' SubLinks are processed: for each SubLink
- found in query' qual union_planner() (old planner() function) will be
- called to plan corresponding subselect (union_planner() calls
- query_planner() for "simple" query and supports UNIONs). After subselect
- are planned, optimizer knows about is this correlated, un-correlated or
- _undirect_ correlated (references some grand-parent Vars but no parent
- ones: uncorrelated from the parent' point of view) query.
- For uncorrelated and undirect correlated subqueries of EXPRession or
- EXISTS type SubLinks will be replaced with "normal" clauses from
- SubLink->Oper list (I changed this list to be list of EXPR nodes,
- not just Oper ones). Right sides of these nodes are replaced with
- PARAM_EXEC parameters. This is second use of new parameter type.
- At run-time these parameters get value from result of subquery
- evaluation (i.e. - from target list of subquery). Execution plan of
- subquery itself becomes init plan of parent query. InitPlan knows
- what parameters are to get values from subquery' results and will be
- executed "on-demand" (for query select * from table where x > 0 and
- y > (select max(a) from table_a) subquery will not be executed at all
- if there are no tuples with x > 0 _and_ y is not used in index scan).
- SubLinks for subqueries of all other types are transformed into
- new type of Expr node - SUBPLAN_EXPR. Expr->args are just correlation
- variables from _parent_ query. Expr->oper is new SubPlan node.
- This node is used for InitPlan too. It keeps subquery range table,
- indices of Params which are to get value from _parent_ query Vars
- (i.e. - from Expr->args), indices of Params into which subquery'
- results are to be substituted (this is for InitPlans), SubLink
- and subquery' execution plan.
- Plan node was changed to know about dependencies on Params from
- parent queries and InitPlans, to keep list of changed Params
- (from the above) and so be re-scanned if this list is not NULL.
- Also, added list of InitPlans (actually, all of them for current
- query are in topmost plan node now) and other SubPlans (from
- plan->qual) - to initialize them and let them know about changed
- Params (from the list of their "interests").
- After all SubLinks are processed, query_planner() calls qual'
- canonificator and does "normal" work. By using Params optimizer
- is mostly unchanged.
- Well, Executor. To get subplans re-evaluated without ExecutorStart()
- and ExecutorEnd() (without opening and closing relations and indices
- and without many palloc() and pfree() - this is what SQL-funcs does
- on each call) ExecReScan() now supports most of Plan types...
- Explanation of EXPLAIN.
- vac=> explain select * from tmp where x >= (select max(x2) from test2
- where y2 = y and exists (select * from tempx where tx = x));
- NOTICE: QUERY PLAN:
- Seq Scan on tmp (cost=40.03 size=101 width=8)
- SubPlan
- ^^^^^^^ subquery is in Seq Scan' qual, its plan is below
- -> Aggregate (cost=2.05 size=0 width=0)
- InitPlan
- ^^^^^^^^ EXISTS subsubquery is InitPlan of subquery
- -> Seq Scan on tempx (cost=4.33 size=1 width=4)
- -> Result (cost=2.05 size=0 width=0)
- ^^^^^^ EXISTS subsubquery was transformed into Param
- and so we have Result node here
- -> Index Scan on test2 (cost=2.05 size=1 width=4)
- Opened issues.
- 1. No read permissions checking (easy, just not done yet).
- 2. readfuncs.c can't read subplan-s (easy, not critical, because of
- we currently nowhere use ascii representation of execution plans).
- 3. ExecReScan() doesn't support all plan types. At least support for
- MergeJoin has to be implemented.
- 4. Memory leaks in ExecReScan().
- 5. I need in advice: if subquery introduced with NOT IN doesn't return
- any tuples then qualification is failed, yes ?
- 6. Regression tests !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- (Could we use data/queries from MySQL' crash.me ?
- Copyright-ed ? Could they give us rights ?)
- 7. Performance.
- - Should be good when subquery is transformed into InitPlan.
- - Something should be done for uncorrelated subqueries introduced
- with ANY/ALL - keep thinking. Currently, subplan will be re-scanned
- for each parent tuple - very slow...
- Results of some test. TMP is table with x,y (int4-s), x in 0-9,
- y = 100 - x, 1000 tuples (10 duplicates of each tuple). TEST2 is table
- with x2, y2 (int4-s), x2 in 1-99, y2 = 100 -x2, 10000 tuples (100 dups).
- Trying
- select * from tmp where x >= (select max(x2) from test2 where y2 = y);
-
- and
- begin;
- select y as ty, max(x2) as mx into table tsub from test2, tmp
- where y2 = y group by ty;
- vacuum tsub;
- select x, y from tmp, tsub where x >= mx and y = ty;
- drop table tsub;
- end;
- Without index on test2(y2):
- SubSelect -> 320 sec
- Using temp table -> 32 sec
- Having index
- SubSelect -> 17 sec (2M of memory)
- Using temp table -> 32 sec (12M of memory: -S 8192)
- Vadim