install.sgml
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上传日期:2007-01-07
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- <Chapter Id="install">
- <Title>Installation</Title>
- <Abstract>
- <Para>
- Complete installation instructions for
- <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> v6.5.1.
- </Para>
- </Abstract>
- <Para>
- Before installing <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, you may wish to visit
- <ULink url="http://www.postgresql.org">www.postgresql.org</ULink>
- for up to date information, patches, etc.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- These installation instructions assume:
- <ItemizedList Mark="bullet" Spacing="compact">
- <ListItem>
- <Para>
- Commands are Unix-compatible. See note below.
- </Para>
- </ListItem>
- <ListItem>
- <Para>
- Defaults are used except where noted.
- </Para>
- </ListItem>
- <ListItem>
- <Para>
- User <literal>postgres</literal> is the
- <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser.
- </Para>
- </ListItem>
- <ListItem>
- <Para>
- The source path is <filename>/usr/src/pgsql</filename> (other paths are possible).
- </Para>
- </ListItem>
- <ListItem>
- <Para>
- The runtime path is <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> (other paths are possible).
- </Para>
- </ListItem>
- </ItemizedList>
- </para>
- <Para>
- Commands were tested on RedHat Linux version 5.2 using the tcsh shell.
- Except where noted, they will probably work on most systems. Commands
- like <command>ps</command> and <command>tar</command> may vary wildly
- between platforms on what options you should use.
- <Emphasis>Use common sense</Emphasis> before typing in these commands.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Our Makefiles require GNU <Application>make</Application> (called
- <Quote>gmake</Quote> in this document). They will <Emphasis>not</Emphasis>
- work with non-GNU <Application>make</Application> programs. If you
- have GNU <Application>make</Application> installed under the name
- <Quote>make</Quote> instead of <Quote>gmake</Quote>, then you will use the
- command <command>make</command> instead. That's OK, but
- you need to have the GNU form of <Application>make</Application> to succeed with
- an installation.
- </Para>
- <Sect1>
- <Title>Requirements to Run <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></Title>
- <Para>
- Up to date information on supported platforms is at
- <ulink url="http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/install.htm">
- http://www.postgresql.org/docs/admin/install.htm</ulink>.
- In general, most Unix-compatible
- platforms with modern libraries should be able to run
- <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
- </para>
- <para>
- Although the minimum required memory for running <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
- is as little as 8MB, there are noticable improvements in runtimes for the regression
- tests when expanding memory up to 96MB on a relatively fast dual-processor system
- running X-Windows.
- The rule is you can never have too much memory.
- </para>
- <Para>
- Check that you have sufficient disk space. You will need about
- 30 Mbytes for <filename>/usr/src/pgsql</filename>,
- about 5 Mbytes for <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>
- (excluding your database) and 1 Mbyte for an empty database.
- The database will temporarily grow to about 20 Mbytes during the
- regression tests. You will also need about 3 Mbytes for the
- distribution tar file.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- We therefore recommend that during installation and testing you
- have well over 20 Mbytes free under <filename>/usr/local</filename> and another 25 Mbytes
- free on the disk partition containing your database. Once you
- delete the source files, tar file and regression database, you
- will need 2 Mbytes for <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>, 1 Mbyte for the empty
- database, plus about five times the space you would require to
- store your database data in a flat file.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- To check for disk space, use
- <programlisting>
- $ df -k
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </Sect1>
- <Sect1>
- <Title>Installation Procedure</Title>
- <Procedure>
- <Title><ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> Installation</Title>
- <Para>
- For a fresh install or upgrading from previous releases of
- <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>:
- </Para>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Read any last minute information and platform specific porting
- notes. There are some platform specific notes at the end of this
- file for Ultrix4.x, Linux, BSD/OS and NeXT. There are other
- files in directory <FileName>/usr/src/pgsql/doc</FileName>, including files FAQ-Irix
- and FAQ-Linux. Also look in directory
- <ULink url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub">ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub</ULink>.
- If there is a file called INSTALL in this directory then this
- file will contain the latest installation information.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Please note that a "tested" platform in the list given earlier
- simply means that someone went to the effort at some point of making
- sure that a <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> distribution would compile and run on this
- platform without modifying the code. Since the current developers
- will not have access to all of these platforms, some of them may not
- compile cleanly and pass the regression tests in the current
- release due to minor problems. Any such known problems and their
- solutions will be posted in
- <ULink url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/INSTALL">ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/INSTALL</ULink>.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="optional">
- <Para>
- Create the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser account
- (<literal>postgres</literal> is commonly used) if it does not already exist.
- </para>
- <para>
- The owner of the Postgres files can be any unprivileged user account.
- It <emphasis>must not</emphasis> be <literal>root</literal>, <literal>bin</literal>,
- or any other account with special access rights, as that would create a security risk.
- </para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Log in to the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser account. Most of the
- remaining steps in the installation will happen in this account.
- </para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Ftp file
- <ulink url="ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-v6.5.1.tar.gz">
- <filename>ftp://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/postgresql-v6.5.1.tar.gz</filename></ulink>
- from the Internet. Store it in your home directory.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Some platforms use <application>flex</application>.
- If your system uses <application>flex</application> then make sure
- you have a good version. To check, type
- <programlisting>
- $ flex --version
- </programlisting>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- If the <application>flex</application> command is not found then you probably do not need it.
- If the version is 2.5.2 or 2.5.4 or greater then you are okay. If it
- is 2.5.3 or before 2.5.2 then you will have to upgrade <application>flex</application>. You may
- get it at
- <ulink url="ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/flex-2.5.4.tar.gz">ftp://prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/flex-2.5.4.tar.gz</ulink>.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- If you need <application>flex</application> and don't have it or have the wrong version, then
- you will be told so when you attempt to compile the program. Feel
- free to skip this step if you aren't sure you need it. If you do
- need it then you will be told to install/upgrade <application>flex</application> when you try to
- compile <productname>Postgres</productname>.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- You may want to do the entire <application>flex</application> installation from
- the root account, though that is not absolutely necessary.
- Assuming that you want the installation to place files in the usual default
- areas, type the following:
- <ProgramListing>
- $ su -
- $ cd /usr/local/src
- ftp prep.ai.mit.edu
- ftp> cd /pub/gnu/
- ftp> binary
- ftp> get flex-2.5.4.tar.gz
- ftp> quit
- $ gunzip -c flex-2.5.4.tar.gz | tar xvf -
- $ cd flex-2.5.4
- $ configure --prefix=/usr
- $ gmake
- $ gmake check
- # You must be root when typing the next line:
- $ gmake install
- $ cd /usr/local/src
- $ rm -rf flex-2.5.4
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- This will update files <filename>/usr/man/man1/flex.1</filename>,
- <filename>/usr/bin/flex</filename>,
- <filename>/usr/lib/libfl.a</filename>,
- <filename>/usr/include/FlexLexer.h</filename> and will add a link
- <filename>/usr/bin/flex++</filename> which points to flex.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If you are not upgrading an existing system then skip to
- <xref linkend="newdirs">.
- If you are upgrading from 6.5, you do not need to dump/reload or initdb.
- Simply compile the source code, stop the postmaster, do a "make install", and
- restart the postmaster.
- If you are upgrading from 6.4.* or earlier, back up your database.
- For alpha- and beta-level releases, the database format is liable
- to change, often every few weeks, with no notice besides a quick comment
- in the HACKERS mailing list. Full releases always require a dump/reload
- from previous releases. It is therefore a bad idea to skip this
- step.
- </para>
- <tip>
- <para>
- Do not use the <application>pg_dumpall</application>
- script from v6.0 or everything
- will be owned by the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> super user.
- </para>
- </tip>
- <para>
- To dump your fairly recent post-v6.0 database installation, type
- <programlisting>
- $ pg_dumpall > db.out
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- <para>
- To use the latest <application>pg_dumpall</application> script on your
- existing older database before upgrading <productname>Postgres</productname>,
- pull the most recent version of <application>pg_dumpall</application>
- from the new distribution:
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd
- $ gunzip -c postgresql-v6.5.1.tar.gz
- | tar xvf - src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall
- $ chmod a+x src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall
- $ src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dumpall > db.out
- $ rm -rf src
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- If you wish to preserve object id's (oids), then use the -o
- option when running <application>pg_dumpall</application>.
- However, unless you have a
- special reason for doing this (such as using OIDs as keys
- in tables), don't do it.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- If the <application>pg_dumpall</application> command
- seems to take a long time and you think
- it might have died, then, from another terminal, type
- <programlisting>
- $ ls -l db.out
- </programlisting>
- several times to see if the size of the file is growing.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Please note that if you are upgrading from a version prior to
- <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> v1.09 then you must back up your database,
- install
- <ProductName>Postgres95</ProductName> v1.09, restore your database,
- then back it up again.
- You should also read the release notes which should cover any
- release-specific issues.
- </Para>
- <caution>
- <Para>
- You must make sure that your database is not updated in the middle of
- your backup. If necessary, bring down postmaster, edit the permissions
- in file <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</filename>
- to allow only you on, then
- bring <application>postmaster</application> back up.
- </Para>
- </caution>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If you are upgrading an existing system then kill the postmaster. Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ ps -ax | grep postmaster
- </ProgramListing>
- This should list the process numbers for a number of processes. Type
- the following line, with <replaceable>pid</replaceable>
- replaced by the process id for process
- <literal>postmaster</literal>.
- (Do not use the id for process "grep postmaster".) Type
- <programlisting>
- $ kill <replaceable>pid</replaceable>
- </programlisting>
- to actually stop the process.
- <tip>
- <para>
- On systems which have <productname>Postgres</productname> started at boot time, there
- is probably a startup file which will accomplish the same thing. For example, on my
- Linux system I can type
- <programlisting>
- $ /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init stop
- </programlisting>
- to halt <productname>Postgres</productname>.
- </para>
- </tip>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If you are upgrading an existing system then move the old directories
- out of the way. If you are short of disk space then you may have to
- back up and delete the directories instead. If you do this, save the
- old database in the <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data</filename> directory tree. At a
- minimum, save file <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</filename>.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Type the following:
- <programlisting>
- $ su -
- $ cd /usr/src
- $ mv pgsql pgsql_6_0
- $ cd /usr/local
- $ mv pgsql pgsql_6_0
- $ exit
- </programlisting>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- If you are not using <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data</filename>
- as your data directory
- (check to see if environment variable PGDATA is set to something
- else) then you will also want to move this directory in the same
- manner.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required" id="newdirs">
- <Para>
- Make new source and install directories. The actual paths can be
- different for your installation but you must be consistent throughout this procedure.
- </para>
- <note>
- <para>
- There are two places in this installation procedure where you will have an opportunity
- to specify installation locations for programs, libraries, documentation, and other files.
- Usually it is sufficient to specify these at the <command>gmake install</command> stage
- of installation.
- </para>
- </note>
- <para>
- Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ su
- $ cd /usr/src
- $ mkdir pgsql
- $ chown postgres:postgres pgsql
- $ cd /usr/local
- $ mkdir pgsql
- $ chown postgres:postgres pgsql
- $ exit
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Unzip and untar the new source file. Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql
- $ gunzip -c ~/postgresql-v6.5.1.tar.gz | tar xvf -
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Configure the source code for your system. It is this step at which
- you can specify your actual installation path for
- the build process (see the --prefix option below). Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
- $ ./configure [ <replaceable>options</replaceable> ]
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <substeps>
- <Step Performance="optional">
- <Para>
- Among other chores, the configure script selects a system-specific
- "template" file from the files provided in the template subdirectory.
- If it cannot guess which one to use for your system, it will say so and
- exit. In that case you'll need to figure out which one to use and run
- configure again, this time giving the
- <option>--with-template=TEMPLATE</option> option to
- make the right file be chosen.
- <note>
- <title>Please Report Problems</title>
- <para>
- If your system is not automatically recognized by configure and you have to do this, please
- send email to
- <ulink url="mailto:scrappy@hub.org">scrappy@hub.org</ulink> with the output of the program
- <application>./config.guess</application>. Indicate what the template file should be.
- </para>
- </note>
- </Para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="optional">
- <Para>
- Choose configuration options. Check <xref linkend="config" endterm="install-config">
- for details. However, for a plain-vanilla first installation with no extra
- options like multi-byte character support or locale collation support it may
- be adequate to have chosen the installation areas and to run configure without
- extra options specified.
- The configure script accepts many additional options that you can use
- if you don't like the default configuration. To see them all, type
- <ProgramListing>
- ./configure --help
- </ProgramListing>
- Some of the more commonly used ones are:
- <ProgramListing>
- --prefix=BASEDIR Selects a different base directory for the
- installation of the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> configuration.
- The default is /usr/local/pgsql.
- --with-template=TEMPLATE
- Use template file TEMPLATE - the template
- files are assumed to be in the directory
- src/template, so look there for proper values.
- --with-tcl Build interface libraries and programs requiring
- Tcl/Tk, including libpgtcl, pgtclsh, and pgtksh.
- --with-perl Build the Perl interface library.
- --with-odbc Build the ODBC driver package.
- --enable-hba Enables Host Based Authentication (DEFAULT)
- --disable-hba Disables Host Based Authentication
- --enable-locale Enables USE_LOCALE
- --enable-cassert Enables ASSERT_CHECKING
- --with-CC=compiler
- Use a specific C compiler that the configure
- script cannot find.
- --with-CXX=compiler
- --without-CXX
- Use a specific C++ compiler that the configure
- script cannot find, or exclude C++ compilation
- altogether. (This only affects libpq++ at
- present.)
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Here is the configure script used on a Sparc Solaris 2.5 system
- with <filename>/opt/postgres</filename> specified as
- the installation base directory:
- <ProgramListing>
- $ ./configure --prefix=/opt/postgres
- --with-template=sparc_solaris-gcc --with-pgport=5432
- --enable-hba --disable-locale
- </ProgramListing>
- <tip>
- <para>
- Of course, you may type these three lines all
- on the same line.
- </para>
- </tip>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- </substeps>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Install the <application>man</application> and
- <acronym>HTML</acronym> documentation. Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql/doc
- $ gmake install
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- <para>
- The documentation is also available in Postscript format. Look for files
- ending with <filename>.ps.gz</filename> in the same directory.
- </para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Compile the program. Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
- $ gmake all >& make.log &
- $ tail -f make.log
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- The last line displayed will hopefully be
- <programlisting>
- All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
- </programlisting>
- Remember, <Quote>gmake</Quote> may be called <Quote>make</Quote> on
- your system.
- At this point, or earlier
- if you wish, type control-C to get out of tail. (If you have
- problems later on you may wish to examine file make.log for
- warning and error messages.)
- <note>
- <para>
- You will probably find a number of warning
- messages in make.log. Unless you have problems later on, these
- messages may be safely ignored.
- </para>
- </note>
- </para>
- <Para>
- If the compiler fails with a message stating that
- the <application>flex</application> command
- cannot be found then install <application>flex</application> as described earlier.
- Next,
- change directory back to this directory, type
- <programlisting>
- $ gmake clean
- </programlisting>
- then recompile again.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Compiler options, such as optimization and debugging, may
- be specified on the command line using the COPT variable.
- For example, typing
- <ProgramListing>
- $ gmake COPT="-g" all >& make.log &
- </ProgramListing>
- would invoke your compiler's <option>-g</option> option in all steps of the
- build. See <filename>src/Makefile.global.in</filename> for further details.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Install the program. Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src
- $ gmake install >& make.install.log &
- $ tail -f make.install.log
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- The last line displayed will be
- <programlisting>
- gmake[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/pgsql/src/man'
- </programlisting>
- At this point, or earlier if you wish,
- type control-C to get out of tail.
- Remember, <Quote>gmake</Quote> may be called <Quote>make</Quote> on
- your system.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If necessary, tell your system how to find the new shared libraries. You can
- do <emphasis>one</emphasis> of the following, preferably the first:
- </para>
- <SubSteps>
- <Step Performance="optional">
- <Para>
- As root, edit file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>. Add a line
- <programlisting>
- <FileName>/usr/local/pgsql/lib</FileName>
- </programlisting>
- to the file. Then run command <Command>/sbin/ldconfig</Command>.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="optional">
- <Para>
- In a bash shell, type
- <ProgramListing>
- export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="optional">
- <Para>
- In a csh shell, type
- <ProgramListing>
- setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </Step>
- </SubSteps>
- <Para>
- Please note that the above commands may vary wildly for different
- operating systems. Check the platform specific notes, such as
- those for Ultrix4.x or and for non-ELF Linux.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- If, when you create the database, you get the message
- <programlisting>
- pg_id: can't load library 'libpq.so'
- </programlisting>
- then the above step was necessary. Simply
- do this step, then try to create the database again.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="optional">
- <Para>
- If you used the <option>--with-perl</option> option to configure, check
- the install log to see whether the Perl module was actually installed.
- If you've followed our advice to make the Postgres files be owned by
- an unprivileged userid, then the Perl module won't have been installed,
- for lack of write privileges on the Perl library directories. You can
- complete its installation, either now or later, by becoming the user that
- does own the Perl library (often root) (via <command>su</command>) and doing
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/interfaces/perl5
- $ gmake install
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
-
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If it has not already been done, then prepare account <literal>postgres</literal>
- for using <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
- Any account that will use <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> must
- be similarly prepared.
- </para>
- <para>
- There are several ways to influence the runtime environment of the
- <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
- server. Refer to the <citetitle>Administrator's Guide</citetitle>
- for more information.
- <note>
- <para>
- The following instructions are for a
- bash/sh shell. Adapt accordingly for other shells.
- </para>
- </note>
- </Para>
-
- <substeps>
-
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Add the following lines to your login environment:
-
- shell, <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>:
- <ProgramListing>
- PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin
- MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/local/pgsql/man
- PGLIB=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
- PGDATA=/usr/local/pgsql/data
- export PATH MANPATH PGLIB PGDATA
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- Several regression tests could fail if the user's locale collation
- scheme is different from that of the standard <literal>C</literal> locale.
- </para>
- <para>
- If you configure and compile <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
- with <option>--enable-locale</option> then you should
- set the locale environment to <quote><literal>C</literal></quote>
- (or unset all <quote>LC_*</quote> variables)
- by putting these additional lines to your login environment
- before starting <application>postmaster</application>:
- <ProgramListing>
- LC_COLLATE=C
- LC_CTYPE=C
- export LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE
- </ProgramListing>
-
- <ProgramListing>
-
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Make sure that you have defined these variables before continuing
- with the remaining steps. The easiest way to do this is to type:
- <ProgramListing>
- $ source ~/.bash_profile
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
-
- </substeps>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Create the database installation from your <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
- superuser account (typically account <literal>postgres</literal>).
- <Emphasis>Do not do the following as root!</Emphasis>
- This would be a major security hole. Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ initdb
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Set up permissions to access the database system. Do this by editing
- file <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf</filename>. The instructions are
- included in the file. (If your database is not located in the
- default location, i.e. if <envar>PGDATA</envar> is set to point elsewhere, then the
- location of this file will change accordingly.) This file should be
- made read only again once you are finished.
- If you are upgrading from v6.0 or later you can copy file <filename>pg_hba.conf</filename> from
- your old database on top of the one in your new database, rather than
- redoing the file from scratch.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- Briefly test that the backend will start and run by running it from
- the command line.
- </para>
- <substeps>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- Start the postmaster daemon running in the background by typing
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd
- $ nohup postmaster -i > pgserver.log 2>&1 &
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- Create a database by typing
- <ProgramListing>
- $ createdb
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- Connect to the new database:
- <ProgramListing>
- $ psql
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- And run a sample query:
- <ProgramListing>
- postgres=> SELECT datetime 'now';
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- Exit <application>psql</application>:
- <ProgramListing>
- postgres=> q
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <para>
- Remove the test database (unless you will want to use it later for other tests):
- <ProgramListing>
- $ destroydb
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </step>
- </substeps>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Run postmaster in the background from your <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
- superuser account (typically account <literal>postgres</literal>).
- <emphasis>Do not run <application>postmaster</application>
- from the root account!</emphasis>
- </para>
- <Para>
- Usually, you will want to modify
- your computer so that it will automatically start postmaster whenever
- it boots. It is not required; the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>
- server can
- be run successfully from non-privileged accounts without root intervention.
- </para>
- <para>
- Here are some suggestions on how to do this, contributed by various
- users.
- </para>
- <para>
- Whatever you do, postmaster must be run by
- the <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> superuser (<literal>postgres</literal>?)
- <emphasis>and not by root</emphasis>.
- This is why all of the examples below start by switching user
- (su) to postgres. These commands also take into account the fact
- that environment variables like PATH and PGDATA may not be set properly.
- The examples are as follows. Use them with extreme caution.
- <itemizedlist mark="bullet">
- <listitem>
- <para>
- If you are installing from a non-privileged account and have no root access, then
- start the <application>postmaster</application> and send it to the background:
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd
- $ nohup postmaster > regress.log 2>&1 &
- </ProgramListing>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Edit file rc.local on NetBSD or file rc2.d on SPARC Solaris
- 2.5.1 to contain the following single line:
- <programlisting>
- su postgres -c "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -S -D /usr/local/pgsql/data"
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- In FreeBSD 2.2-RELEASE edit /usr/local/etc/rc.d/pgsql.sh to
- contain the following lines and make it chmod 755 and chown
- root:bin.
- <programlisting>
- #!/bin/sh
- [ -x /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster ] && {
- su -l pgsql -c 'exec /usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster
- -D/usr/local/pgsql/data
- -S -o -F > /usr/local/pgsql/errlog' &
- echo -n ' pgsql'
- }
- </programlisting>
- You may put the line breaks as shown above. The shell is smart
- enough to keep parsing beyond end-of-line if there is an
- expression unfinished. The exec saves one layer of shell under
- the postmaster process so the parent is init.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- In RedHat Linux add a file <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/postgres.init</filename>
- which is based on the example in <filename>contrib/linux/</filename>.
- Then make a softlink to this file from
- <filename>/etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgres.init</filename>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- In RedHat Linux edit file /etc/inittab to add the
- following as a single line:
- <programlisting>
- pg:2345:respawn:/bin/su - postgres -c
- "/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postmaster -D/usr/local/pgsql/data
- >> /usr/local/pgsql/server.log 2>&1 </dev/null"
- </programlisting>
- (The author of this example says this example will revive the
- postmaster if it dies, but he doesn't know if there are other side
- effects.)
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Run the regression tests.
- The file <filename>/usr/src/pgsql/src/test/regress/README</filename> has detailed
- instructions for running and interpreting the regression tests.
- A short version follows here:
- </Para>
- <substeps>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/test/regress
- $ gmake clean
- $ gmake all runtest
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- You do not need to type <command>gmake clean</command>
- if this is the first time you
- are running the tests.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- You should get on the screen (and also written to file <filename>./regress.out</filename>)
- a series of statements stating which tests passed and which tests
- failed. Please note that it can be normal for some tests to
- "fail" on some platforms.
- The script says a test has failed if there is any difference
- at all between the actual output of the test and the expected output.
- Thus, tests may "fail" due to minor differences in wording of error
- messages, small differences in floating-point roundoff, etc, between
- your system and the regression test reference platform.
- "Failures" of this type do not indicate a problem with
- <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>.
- The file <filename>./regression.diffs</filename> contains the textual differences between
- the actual test output on your machine and the "expected" output
- (which is simply what the reference system produced). You should
- carefully examine each difference listed to see whether it appears to
- be a significant issue.
- </Para>
- <para>
- For example,
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <Para>
- For a i686/Linux-ELF platform, no tests failed since this is the
- v6.5.1 regression testing reference platform.
- </Para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </para>
- <Para>
- Even if a test result clearly indicates a real failure, it may be a
- localized problem that will not affect you. An example is that the
- <type>int8</type> test will fail, producing obviously incorrect output, if your
- machine and C compiler do not provide a 64-bit integer data type
- (or if they do but configure didn't discover it). This is not
- something to worry about unless you need to store 64-bit integers.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Conclusion? If you do see failures, try to understand the nature of
- the differences and then decide if those differences will affect your
- intended use of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>. The regression
- tests are a helpful tool, but they may require some study to be useful.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- After running the regression tests, type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ destroydb regression
- $ cd /usr/src/pgsql/src/test/regress
- $ gmake clean
- </ProgramListing>
- to recover the disk space used for the tests. (You may want to save
- the <filename>regression.diffs</filename> file in another place before doing this.)
- </Para>
- </Step>
- </substeps>
- </step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If you haven't already done so, this would be a good time to modify
- your computer to do regular maintainence. The following should be
- done at regular intervals:
- </para>
- <procedure>
- <title>Minimal Backup Procedure</title>
- <step performance="required">
- <para>
- Run the <acronym>SQL</acronym> command <command>VACUUM</command>.
- This will clean up your database.
- </para>
- </step>
- <step performance="required">
- <para>
- Back up your system. (You should probably keep the last few
- backups on hand.) Preferably, no one else should be using the
- system at the time.
- </para>
- </step>
- </procedure>
- <para>
- Ideally, the above tasks should be done by a shell script that is
- run nightly or weekly by cron.
- Look at the man page for <application>crontab</application>
- for a starting point on how to do this. (If you do it, please
- e-mail us a copy of your shell script. We would like to set up
- our own systems to do this too.)
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If you are upgrading an existing system then reinstall your old database.
- Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ cd
- $ psql -e template1 < db.out
- </ProgramListing>
- If your pre-v6.2 database uses either path or polygon geometric data types,
- then you will need to upgrade any columns containing those types. To
- do so, type (from within psql)
- <ProgramListing>
- UPDATE <replaceable>FirstTable</replaceable> SET <replaceable>PathCol</replaceable> = UpgradePath(<replaceable>PathCol</replaceable>);
- UPDATE <replaceable>SecondTable</replaceable> SET <replaceable>PathCol</replaceable> = UpgradePath(<replaceable>PathCol</replaceable>);
- ...
- VACUUM;
- </ProgramListing>
- UpgradePath() checks to see that a path value is consistant with the
- old syntax, and will not update a column which fails that examination.
- UpgradePoly() cannot verify that a polygon is in fact from an old
- syntax, but RevertPoly() is provided to reverse the effects of a
- mis-applied upgrade.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- If you are a new user, you may wish to play with <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> as described
- below.
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Clean up after yourself. Type
- <ProgramListing>
- $ rm -rf /usr/src/pgsql_6_5
- $ rm -rf /usr/local/pgsql_6_5
- # Also delete old database directory tree if it is not in
- # /usr/local/pgsql_6_5/data
- $ rm ~/postgresql-v6.5.1.tar.gz
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- You will probably want to print out the documentation. If you have
- a Postscript printer, or have your machine already set up to accept
- Postscript files using a print filter, then to print the User's Guide
- simply type
- <programlisting>
- $ cd /usr/local/pgsql/doc
- $ gunzip user.ps.tz | lpr
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- <para>
- Here is how
- you might do it if you have Ghostscript on your system and are
- writing to a laserjet printer.
- <programlisting>
- $ alias gshp='gs -sDEVICE=laserjet -r300 -dNOPAUSE'
- $ export GS_LIB=/usr/share/ghostscript:/usr/share/ghostscript/fonts
- $ gunzip user.ps.gz
- $ gshp -sOUTPUTFILE=user.hp user.ps
- $ gzip user.ps
- $ lpr -l -s -r manpage.hp
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- The <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> team wants
- to keep <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> working on all of the
- supported platforms. We therefore ask you to let us know if you did
- or did not get <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> to work on you system.
- Please send a
- mail message to
- <ulink url="mailto:pgsql-ports@postgresql.org">pgsql-ports@postgresql.org</ulink>
- telling us the following:
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The version of <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> (v6.5.1, 6.5, beta 990318, etc.).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Your operating system (i.e. RedHat v5.1 Linux v2.0.34).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Your hardware (SPARC, i486, etc.).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Did you compile, install and run the regression tests cleanly?
- If not, what source code did you change (i.e. patches you
- applied, changes you made, etc.), what tests failed, etc.
- It is normal to get many warning when you compile. You do
- not need to report these.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
- </Para>
- </Step>
- <Step Performance="required">
- <Para>
- Now create, access and manipulate databases as desired. Write client
- programs to access the database server. In other words, <emphasis>enjoy</emphasis>!
- </Para>
- </Step>
- </Procedure>
- </sect1>
- <Sect1>
- <Title>Playing with <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName></Title>
- <Para>
- After <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> is installed, a database system is created, a postmaster
- daemon is running, and the regression tests have passed, you'll want to
- see <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> do something. That's easy. Invoke the interactive interface
- to <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName>, <Application>psql</Application>:
- <ProgramListing>
- % psql template1
- </ProgramListing>
- (psql has to open a particular database, but at this point the only one
- that exists is the template1 database, which always exists. We will connect
- to it only long enough to create another one and switch to it.)
- </Para>
- <Para>
- The response from psql is:
- <ProgramListing>
- Welcome to the POSTGRESQL interactive sql monitor:
- Please read the file COPYRIGHT for copyright terms of POSTGRESQL
- type ? for help on slash commands
- type q to quit
- type g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
- You are currently connected to the database: template1
- template1=>
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Create the database foo:
- <ProgramListing>
- template1=> create database foo;
- CREATEDB
- </ProgramListing>
- (Get in the habit of including those SQL semicolons. Psql won't execute
- anything until it sees the semicolon or a "g" and the semicolon is required
- to delimit multiple statements.)
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Now connect to the new database:
- <ProgramListing>
- template1=> c foo
- connecting to new database: foo
- </ProgramListing>
- ("slash" commands aren't SQL, so no semicolon. Use ? to see all the slash commands.)
- </Para>
- <Para>
- And create a table:
- <ProgramListing>
- foo=> create table bar (i int4, c char(16));
- CREATE
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Then inspect the new table:
- <ProgramListing>
- foo=> d bar
- Table = bar
- +----------------------------------+----------------------------------+-------+
- | Field | Type | Length|
- +----------------------------------+----------------------------------+-------+
- | i | int4 | 4 |
- | c | (bp)char | 16 |
- +----------------------------------+----------------------------------+-------+
- </ProgramListing>
- </Para>
- <Para>
- And so on. You get the idea.
- </Para>
- </Sect1>
- <Sect1>
- <Title>The Next Step</Title>
- <Para>
- Questions? Bugs? Feedback?
- First, read the files in directory <filename>/usr/src/pgsql/doc/</filename>.
- The FAQ in this directory may be particularly useful.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- If <ProductName>Postgres</ProductName> failed to compile on your computer
- then fill out the form in file <filename>/usr/src/pgsql/doc/bug.template</filename>
- and mail it to the location indicated at the top of the form.
- </Para>
- <Para>
- Check on the web site at
- <ULink url="http://www.postgresql.org">http://www.postgresql.org</ULink>
- For more information on the various support mailing lists.
- </Para>
- </Sect1>
- <Sect1>
- <Title>Porting Notes</Title>
- <Para>
- Check for any platform-specific FAQs in the <filename>doc/</filename> directory of
- the source distribution.
- </Para>
- </sect1>
- </Chapter>
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