create_function.sgml
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- <refentry id="SQL-CREATEFUNCTION">
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>
- CREATE FUNCTION
- </refentrytitle>
- <refmiscinfo>SQL - Language Statements</refmiscinfo>
- </refmeta>
- <refnamediv>
- <refname>
- CREATE FUNCTION
- </refname>
- <refpurpose>
- Defines a new function
- </refpurpose>
- </refnamediv>
- <refsynopsisdiv>
- <refsynopsisdivinfo>
- <date>1998-09-09</date>
- </refsynopsisdivinfo>
- <synopsis>
- CREATE FUNCTION <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> ( [ <replaceable class="parameter">ftype</replaceable> [, ...] ] )
- RETURNS <replaceable class="parameter">rtype</replaceable>
- AS <replaceable class="parameter">definition</replaceable>
- LANGUAGE '<replaceable class="parameter">langname</replaceable>'
- </synopsis>
-
- <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-1">
- <refsect2info>
- <date>1998-09-09</date>
- </refsect2info>
- <title>
- Inputs
- </title>
- <para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The name of a function to create.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><replaceable class="parameter">ftype</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The data type of function arguments.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><replaceable class="parameter">rtype</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The return data type.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><replaceable class="parameter">definition</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- A string defining the function; the meaning depends on the language.
- It may be an internal function name, the path to an object file,
- an SQL query, or text in a procedural language.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><replaceable class="parameter">langname</replaceable></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- may be '<literal>C</literal>', '<literal>sql</literal>',
- '<literal>internal</literal>'
- or '<replaceable class="parameter">plname</replaceable>',
- where '<replaceable class="parameter">plname</replaceable>'
- is the name of a created procedural
- language. See <command>CREATE LANGUAGE</command> for details.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </para>
- </refsect2>
- <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-2">
- <refsect2info>
- <date>1998-09-09</date>
- </refsect2info>
- <title>
- Outputs
- </title>
- <para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><computeroutput>
- CREATE
- </computeroutput></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- This is returned if the command completes successfully.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </para>
- </refsect2>
- </refsynopsisdiv>
- <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-1">
- <refsect1info>
- <date>1998-09-09</date>
- </refsect1info>
- <title>
- Description
- </title>
- <para>
- <command>CREATE FUNCTION</command> allows a
- <productname>Postgres</productname> user
- to register a function
- with a database. Subsequently, this user is treated as the
- owner of the function.
- </para>
-
- <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-3">
- <refsect2info>
- <date>1998-09-09</date>
- </refsect2info>
- <title>
- Notes
- </title>
- <para>
- Refer to the chapter on functions
- in the <citetitle>PostgreSQL Programmer's Guide</citetitle>
- for further information.
- </para>
- <para>
- Use <command>DROP FUNCTION</command>
- to drop user-defined functions.
- </para>
- <para>
- <productname>Postgres</productname> allows function "overloading";
- that is, the same name can be used for several different functions
- so long as they have distinct argument types. This facility must be
- used with caution for INTERNAL and C-language functions, however.
- </para>
- <para>
- Two INTERNAL functions cannot have the same C name without causing
- errors at link time. To get around that, give them different C names
- (for example, use the argument types as part of the C names), then
- specify those names in the AS clause of <command>CREATE FUNCTION</command>.
- If the AS clause is left empty then <command>CREATE FUNCTION</command>
- assumes the C name of the function is the same as the SQL name.
- </para>
- <para>
- For dynamically-loaded C functions, the SQL name of the function must
- be the same as the C function name, because the AS clause is used to
- give the path name of the object file containing the C code. In this
- situation it is best not to try to overload SQL function names. It
- might work to load a C function that has the same C name as an internal
- function or another dynamically-loaded function --- or it might not.
- On some platforms the dynamic loader may botch the load in interesting
- ways if there is a conflict of C function names. So, even if it works
- for you today, you might regret overloading names later when you try
- to run the code somewhere else.
- </para>
- </refsect2>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-2">
- <title>
- Usage
- </title>
- <para>
- To create a simple SQL function:
- <programlisting>
- CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4
- AS 'SELECT 1 AS RESULT'
- LANGUAGE 'sql';
- SELECT one() AS answer;
- <computeroutput>
- answer
- ------
- 1
- </computeroutput>
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- <para>
- To create a C function, calling a routine from a user-created
- shared library. This particular routine calculates a check
- digit and returns TRUE if the check digit in the function parameters
- is correct. It is intended for use in a CHECK contraint.
- </para>
- <programlisting>
- <userinput>
- CREATE FUNCTION ean_checkdigit(bpchar, bpchar) RETURNS bool
- AS '/usr1/proj/bray/sql/funcs.so' LANGUAGE 'c';
-
- CREATE TABLE product (
- id char(8) PRIMARY KEY,
- eanprefix char(8) CHECK (eanprefix ~ '[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{5}')
- REFERENCES brandname(ean_prefix),
- eancode char(6) CHECK (eancode ~ '[0-9]{6}'),
- CONSTRAINT ean CHECK (ean_checkdigit(eanprefix, eancode))
- );
- </userinput>
- </programlisting>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-3">
- <title>
- Bugs
- </title>
- <para>
- A C function cannot return a set of values.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1 id="R1-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-4">
- <title>
- Compatibility
- </title>
- <para>
- <command>CREATE FUNCTION</command> is
- a <productname>Postgres</productname> language extension.
- </para>
- <refsect2 id="R2-SQL-CREATEFUNCTION-4">
- <refsect2info>
- <date>1998-09-09</date>
- </refsect2info>
- <title>
- SQL/PSM
- </title>
- <para>
- <note>
- <para>
- PSM stands for Persistent Stored Modules. It is a procedural
- language and it was originally hoped that PSM would be ratified
- as an official standard by late 1996. As of mid-1998, this
- has not yet happened, but it is hoped that PSM will
- eventually become a standard.
- </para>
- </note>
- SQL/PSM <command>CREATE FUNCTION</command> has the following syntax:
- <synopsis>
- CREATE FUNCTION <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
- ( [ [ IN | OUT | INOUT ] <replaceable class="parameter">eter</replaceable>eable>eable> <replaceable
- class="parameter">type</replaceable> [, ...] ] )
- RETURNS <replaceable class="parameter">rtype</replaceable>
- LANGUAGE '<replaceable class="parameter">langname</replaceable>'
- ESPECIFIC <replaceable class="parameter">routine</replaceable>
- <replaceable class="parameter">SQL-statement</replaceable>
- </synopsis>
- </para>
- </refsect2>
- </refsect1>
- </refentry>
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