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ALLMAN2.PS：源码内容

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4940(of)S
5054(com-)S
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9 R
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900(UR)S
968(RN)S
1030(N)S
1121(V)S
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5376 V
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1812(error.)S
5544 V
9 R
720(E)S
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780(RR)S
842(RO)S
904(OR)S
972(RS)S
1034(S)S
5664 V
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1080(Chmod)S
10 R
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1606(fail)S
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1936(the)S
2084(256le)S
2238(mode)S
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2788(unchanged)S
3248(if:)S
5832 V
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1830(A)S
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2399(of)S
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2656(path)S
2854(pre256x)S
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3359(a)S
3429(directory.)S
6000 V
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6120 V
1830(The)S
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2210(name)S
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2797(PATH_MAX)S
3371(characters.)S
6288 V
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2305(256le)S
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6456 V
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2688(denied)S
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3124(a)S
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3665(of)S
3774(the)S
3922(path)S
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1830(Too)S
2033(many)S
2297(symbolic)S
2706(links)S
2942(were)S
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3713(in)S
3833(translating)S
4300(the)S
4465(pathname.)S
4948((Minix-)S
6744 V
1830(vmd))S
6912 V
1080([EPERM])S
1830(The)S
2016(effective)S
2400(user)S
2598(ID)S
2735(does)S
2949(not)S
3107(match)S
3383(the)S
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3932(the)S
4085(256le)S
4244(and)S
4419(the)S
4572(effective)S
4956(user)S
5154(ID)S
7032 V
1830(is)S
1922(not)S
2075(the)S
2223(super-user.)S
7200 V
1080([EROFS])S
1830(The)S
2012(named)S
2305(256le)S
2459(resides)S
2764(on)S
2889(a)S
2959(read-only)S
3370(256le)S
3524(system.)S
7368 V
1080([EFAULT])S
10 I
1830(Path)S
10 R
2045(points)S
2315(outside)S
2630(the)S
2778(process's)S
3178(allocated)S
3567(address)S
(space.)249 3894 A
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
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4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
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960 V
1080([EIO])S
1830(An)S
1978(I/O)S
2138(error)S
2360(occurred)S
2738(while)S
2987(reading)S
3314(from)S
3535(or)S
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4063(the)S
4211(256le)S
4365(system.)S
1128 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
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1536 V
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2527(to)S
2630(lock)S
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3920(memory.)S
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720(September)S
1176(17,)S
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1776 V
1080(change)S
1394(the)S
1546(owner)S
1827(of)S
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3682(256les)S
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4348(could)S
4599(defeat)S
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5216(a)S
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1080(member.)S
2184 V
1080(On)S
1238(some)S
1485(systems,)S
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1863(chown)S
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10 B
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1080(Chown)S
10 R
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1925(the)S
2073(256le)S
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2529(unchanged)S
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3168 V
1080([ENOTDIR])S
1830(A)S
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2399(of)S
2508(the)S
2656(path)S
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3359(a)S
3429(directory.)S
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3456 V
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3624 V
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1830(Too)S
2033(many)S
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2942(were)S
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4465(pathname.)S
4948((Minix-)S
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4416 V
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3524(system.)S
4584 V
1080([EFAULT])S
10 I
1830(Path)S
10 R
2045(points)S
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2630(the)S
2778(process's)S
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3567(address)S
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1080([EIO])S
1830(An)S
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2738(while)S
2987(reading)S
3314(from)S
3535(or)S
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3960(to)S
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4211(256le)S
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4920 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
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5040 V
10 B
1080(chown)S
10 R
1360((8),)S
10 B
1528(chgrp)S
10 R
1780((1),)S
10 B
1948(chmod)S
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2239((2).)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
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2616(()S
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4821(causes)S
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2760 V
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2706(links)S
2942(were)S
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3833(translating)S
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4465(pathname.)S
4948((Minix-)S
4248 V
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10 I
1830(Path)S
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4872 V
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1310((2).)S
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720(Page)S
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4710(the)S
4864(last)S
5035(refer-)S
2016 V
1080(ence)S
1299(to)S
1411(the)S
(underlying)435 1568 A
2037(object,)S
2342(then)S
2549(it)S
(will)157 2639 A
2830(be)S
(deactivated.)484 2959 A
3502(For)S
3676(example,)S
4076(on)S
4210(the)S
4367(last)S
4541(close)S
4781(of)S
4898(a)S
4976(256le)S
5138(the)S
2136 V
1080(current)S
10 I
(seek)174 1397 A
10 R
1602(pointer)S
1918(associated)S
2363(with)S
2573(the)S
2727(256le)S
2887(is)S
2985(lost;)S
3189(on)S
3320(the)S
3474(last)S
3645(close)S
3884(of)S
4000(a)S
4077(TCP/IP)S
4412(descriptor)S
4847(associated)S
2256 V
1080(naming)S
1412(information)S
1918(and)S
2094(queued)S
2415(data)S
2614(are)S
2769(discarded;)S
3213(on)S
3343(the)S
3496(last)S
3666(close)S
3903(of)S
4017(a)S
4092(256le)S
4251(holding)S
4587(an)S
4712(advisory)S
5088(lock)S
2376 V
1080(the)S
1228(lock)S
1426(is)S
1518(released)S
1874((see)S
2062(further)S
10 B
2362(fcntl)S
10 R
2559((2)).)S
2544 V
1080(A)S
1180(close)S
1414(of)S
1525(all)S
1653(of)S
1764(a)S
1836(process's)S
2238(descriptors)S
2707(is)S
2801(automatic)S
3225(on)S
10 I
3352(exit)S
10 R
3506(,)S
3558(but)S
3713(since)S
3947(there)S
4177(is)S
4272(a)S
4345(limit)S
4563(on)S
4691(the)S
4842(number)S
5177(of)S
2664 V
1080(active)S
1346(descriptors)S
1813(per)S
1967(process,)S
10 B
2319(close)S
10 R
2551(is)S
(necessary)392 2643 A
3060(for)S
3203(programs)S
3608(that)S
3784(deal)S
3977(with)S
4181(many)S
4429(descriptors.)S
2832 V
1080(When)S
1345(a)S
1416(process)S
1744(forks)S
1977((see)S
10 B
2166(fork)S
10 R
2351((2)),)S
2554(all)S
2681(descriptors)S
3149(for)S
3293(the)S
3442(new)S
3636(child)S
3863(process)S
4191(reference)S
4594(the)S
4743(same)S
4976(objects)S
2952 V
1080(as)S
1191(they)S
1391(did)S
1546(in)S
1650(the)S
1799(parent)S
2077(before)S
2361(the)S
2510(fork.)S
2754(If)S
2848(a)S
2919(new)S
3113(process)S
3441(is)S
3534(then)S
3733(to)S
3837(be)S
3958(run)S
4118(using)S
10 B
4361(execve)S
10 R
4641((2),)S
4810(the)S
4959(process)S
3072 V
1080(would)S
1365(normally)S
1762(inherit)S
2059(these)S
2300(descriptors.)S
2826(Most)S
3066(of)S
3185(the)S
3343(descriptors)S
3820(can)S
3995(be)S
4125(rearranged)S
4592(with)S
10 B
(dup2)218 4806 A
10 R
5024((2))S
5177(or)S
3192 V
1080(deleted)S
1398(with)S
10 B
1603(close)S
10 R
1836(before)S
2120(the)S
10 B
2269(execve)S
10 R
2575(is)S
2668(attempted,)S
3116(but)S
3270(if)S
3358(some)S
3596(of)S
3706(these)S
3939(descriptors)S
(will)157 4407 A
(still)151 4590 A
4767(be)S
4888(needed)S
5199(if)S
3312 V
1080(the)S
10 B
1228(execve)S
10 R
1533(fails,)S
1757(it)S
1838(is)S
(necessary)392 1930 A
2347(to)S
2451(arrange)S
2780(for)S
2924(them)S
3151(to)S
3255(be)S
3376(closed)S
3659(if)S
3747(the)S
10 B
3896(execve)S
10 R
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4636(For)S
4802(this)S
4973(reason,)S
3432 V
1080(the)S
1232(call)S
(``fcntl(d,)362 1407 A
1798(F_SETFD,)S
10 I
(257ags)189 2267 A
10 R
()'')102 2456 A
2587(is)S
2683(provided,)S
3094(that)S
3274(can)S
3443(be)S
3567(used)S
3780(to)S
3887(mark)S
4123(a)S
4197(descriptor)S
4629("close)S
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5035(exec")S
3552 V
1080(by)S
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1498(the)S
10 B
1646(FD_CLOEXEC)S
10 R
2354(257ag:)S
3720 V
1440(fcntl(d,)S
1759(F_SETFD,)S
2224(fcntl(d,)S
2543(F_GETFD))S
3034(|)S
3079(FD_CLOEXEC);)S
3888 V
9 R
720(R)S
722(RE)S
784(ET)S
842(TU)S
900(UR)S
968(RN)S
1030(N)S
1121(V)S
1123(VA)S
1191(AL)S
1259(LU)S
1317(UE)S
1385(E)S
4008 V
10 R
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2275(a)S
2347(value)S
2592(of)S
2703(0)S
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10 R-1
4182(-)S
10 R
4239(1)S
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4411(returned)S
4775(and)S
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5099(glo-)S
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1228(integer)S
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10 B
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10 R
2149(is)S
2241(set)S
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2481(indicate)S
2825(the)S
2973(error.)S
4296 V
9 R
720(E)S
722(ER)S
780(RR)S
842(RO)S
904(OR)S
972(RS)S
1034(S)S
4416 V
10 B
1080(Close)S
10 R
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1522(fail)S
1682(if:)S
4584 V
1080([EBADF])S
10 I
1830(D)S
10 R
1928(is)S
2020(not)S
2173(an)S
2293(active)S
2559(descriptor.)S
4752 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
4872 V
10 B
1080(open)S
10 R
1287((2),)S
10 B
1455(pipe)S
10 R
1640((2),)S
10 B
1808(execve)S
10 R
2088((2),)S
10 B
2256(fcntl)S
10 R
2453((2).)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(22,)S
(1986)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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480 V
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4788(CREAT)S
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5169(2)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
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1080(creat)S
10 R-1
1302(-)S
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1384(create)S
1651(a)S
1721(new)S
1914(256le)S
1248 V
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720(S)S
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774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
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1080(#include)S
1482(<sys/types.h>)S
1488 V
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1482(<fcntl.h>)S
1728 V
1080(int)S
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1985(*)S
10 I
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1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
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1200(ON)S
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1080(This)S
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2426(by)S
2557(open(2),)S
2932(it)S
3019(is)S
3111(equivalent)S
3584(to)S
2184 V
10 R
1440(open()S
10 I
1669(name)S
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1887(,)S
1937(O_WRONLY)S
2528(|)S
2573(O_CREAT)S
3052(|)S
3097(O_TRUNC,)S
10 I
3612(mode)S
10 R
3830())S
2352 V
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1080(Creat)S
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1359(creates)S
1672(a)S
1750(new)S
1951(256le)S
2113(or)S
2230(prepares)S
2605(to)S
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3036(an)S
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3677(called)S
10 I
3951(name)S
10 R
4177(,)S
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4491(as)S
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4764(address)S
5099(of)S
5216(a)S
2472 V
1080(null-terminated)S
1739(string.)S
2056(If)S
2161(the)S
2321(256le)S
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3786(mode)S
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4012(,)S
4074(as)S
4195(modi256ed)S
4589(by)S
4726(the)S
4886(process's)S
2592 V
1080(mode)S
1328(mask)S
1565((see)S
10 B
1753(umask)S
10 R
2038((2)).)S
2265(Also)S
2480(see)S
10 B
2634(chmod)S
10 R
2925((2))S
3068(for)S
3211(the)S
3359(construction)S
3881(of)S
3990(the)S
10 I
4138(mode)S
10 R
4381(argument.)S
2760 V
1080(If)S
1173(the)S
1321(256le)S
1475(did)S
1628(exist,)S
1868(its)S
1988(mode)S
2236(and)S
2406(owner)S
2683(remain)S
2988(unchanged)S
3448(but)S
3601(it)S
3682(is)S
3774(truncated)S
4174(to)S
4277(0)S
4352(length.)S
2928 V
1080(The)S
1262(256le)S
1416(is)S
1508(also)S
1695(opened)S
2010(for)S
(writing,)316 2153 A
2494(and)S
2664(its)S
2784(256le)S
2938(descriptor)S
3366(is)S
3458(returned.)S
3096 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NO)S
790(OT)S
858(TE)S
916(ES)S
974(S)S
3216 V
10 R
1080(The)S
10 I
1268(mode)S
10 R
1517(given)S
1771(is)S
1869(arbitrary;)S
2276(it)S
2363(need)S
2585(not)S
2745(allow)S
(writing.)316 3001 A
3374(This)S
3585(feature)S
3898(has)S
4064(been)S
4286(used)S
4502(in)S
4612(the)S
4767(past)S
4961(by)S
5093(pro-)S
3336 V
1080(grams)S
1356(to)S
1464(construct)S
1862(a)S
1936(simple,)S
2258(exclusive)S
2667(locking)S
2997(mechanism.)S
3534(It)S
3625(is)S
(replaced)342 3721 A
4092(by)S
4221(the)S
4373(O_EXCL)S
4789(open)S
5013(mode,)S
3456 V
1080(or)S
1189(the)S
1337(advisory)S
1708(locking)S
2034(of)S
2143(the)S
10 B
2291(fcntl)S
10 R
2488((2))S
(facility.)311 2631 A
3624 V
9 R
720(R)S
722(RE)S
784(ET)S
842(TU)S
900(UR)S
968(RN)S
1030(N)S
1121(V)S
1123(VA)S
1191(AL)S
1259(LU)S
1317(UE)S
1385(E)S
3744 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1269(value)S
10 R-1
1519(-)S
10 R
1576(1)S
1658(is)S
1757(returned)S
2125(if)S
2219(an)S
2346(error)S
2575(occurs.)S
2920(Otherwise,)S
3392(the)S
3547(call)S
3725(returns)S
4038(a)S
(non-negative)525 4116 A
4674(descriptor)S
5110(that)S
3864 V
1080(only)S
1283(permits)S
(writing.)316 1610 A
4032 V
9 R
720(E)S
722(ER)S
780(RR)S
842(RO)S
904(OR)S
972(RS)S
1034(S)S
4152 V
10 I
1080(Creat)S
10 R
(will)157 1334 A
1516(fail)S
1676(and)S
1846(the)S
1994(256le)S
(will)157 2148 A
2330(not)S
2483(be)S
2603(created)S
2920(or)S
3029(truncated)S
3429(if)S
3516(one)S
3686(of)S
3795(the)S
3943(following)S
4359(occur:)S
4320 V
1080([ENOTDIR])S
1830(A)S
(component)446 1928 A
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2508(the)S
2656(path)S
2854(pre256x)S
3114(is)S
3206(not)S
3359(a)S
3429(directory.)S
4488 V
([ENAMETOOLONG])916 1080 A
4608 V
1830(The)S
2012(path)S
2210(name)S
(exceeds)319 2453 A
2797(PATH_MAX)S
3371(characters.)S
4776 V
1080([ENOENT])S
1830(The)S
2012(named)S
2305(256le)S
2459(does)S
2668(not)S
2821(exist.)S
4944 V
1080([ELOOP])S
1830(Too)S
2033(many)S
2297(symbolic)S
2706(links)S
2942(were)S
(encountered)492 3180 A
3713(in)S
3833(translating)S
4300(the)S
4465(pathname.)S
4948((Minix-)S
5064 V
1830(vmd))S
5232 V
1080([EACCES])S
1830(Search)S
2130(permission)S
2596(is)S
2688(denied)S
2981(for)S
3124(a)S
(component)446 3194 A
3665(of)S
3774(the)S
3922(path)S
4120(pre256x.)S
5400 V
1080([EACCES])S
1830(The)S
2012(256le)S
2166(does)S
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2528(exist)S
2743(and)S
2913(the)S
3061(directory)S
3450(in)S
3553(which)S
3824(it)S
3905(is)S
3997(to)S
4100(be)S
4220(created)S
4537(is)S
4629(not)S
4782(writable.)S
5568 V
1080([EACCES])S
1830(The)S
2012(256le)S
2166(exists,)S
2445(but)S
2598(it)S
2679(is)S
2771(unwritable.)S
5736 V
1080([EISDIR])S
1830(The)S
2012(256le)S
2166(is)S
2258(a)S
2328(directory.)S
5904 V
1080([EMFILE])S
1830(There)S
2091(are)S
2240(already)S
2562(too)S
2715(many)S
2963(256les)S
3156(open.)S
6072 V
1080([ENFILE])S
1830(The)S
2012(system)S
2316(256le)S
2470(table)S
2691(is)S
2783(full.)S
6240 V
1080([ENOSPC])S
1830(The)S
2016(directory)S
2409(in)S
2516(which)S
2791(the)S
2943(entry)S
3179(for)S
3326(the)S
3478(new)S
3675(256le)S
3833(is)S
3929(being)S
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4898(extended)S
6360 V
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2401(is)S
2493(no)S
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2867(left)S
3027(on)S
3152(the)S
3300(256le)S
3454(system)S
3758(containing)S
4207(the)S
4355(directory.)S
6528 V
1080([ENOSPC])S
1830(There)S
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2365(free)S
(inodes)262 2548 A
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3566(on)S
3691(which)S
3962(the)S
4110(256le)S
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1080([EROFS])S
1830(The)S
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2305(256le)S
2459(resides)S
2764(on)S
2889(a)S
2959(read-only)S
3370(256le)S
3524(system.)S
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1080([ENXIO])S
1830(The)S
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4045(the)S
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4634(device)S
4923(does)S
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6984 V
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1080([EIO])S
1830(An)S
1978(I/O)S
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2738(while)S
2987(making)S
3313(the)S
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3850(entry)S
4082(or)S
4191(allocating)S
4613(the)S
(inode.)248 4761 A
7320 V
1080([EFAULT])S
10 I
1830(Name)S
10 R
2090(points)S
2360(outside)S
2675(the)S
2823(process's)S
3223(allocated)S
3612(address)S
(space.)249 3939 A
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
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3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
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2055((2),)S
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2514((2),)S
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2682(umask)S
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2967((2).)S
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720(September)S
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1482(<unistd.h>)S
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1772())S
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2041(newd)S
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2253())S
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720(D)S
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1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2016 V
10 B
1080(Dup)S
10 R
(duplicates)408 1294 A
1731(an)S
1856(existing)S
2204(descriptor.)S
2687(The)S
2874(argument)S
10 I
3284(oldd)S
10 R
3492(is)S
3589(a)S
3664(small)S
(non-negative)525 3912 A
4467(integer)S
4777(index)S
5030(in)S
5138(the)S
2136 V
1080(per-process)S
1573(descriptor)S
2004(table.)S
2278(The)S
2463(value)S
2709(must)S
2932(be)S
3055(less)S
3234(than)S
3435(OPEN_MAX,)S
4037(the)S
4188(size)S
4373(of)S
4485(the)S
4636(table.)S
4909(The)S
5093(new)S
2256 V
1080(descriptor)S
1530(returned)S
1913(by)S
2060(the)S
2230(call,)S
2448(let's)S
2669(name)S
2934(it)S
10 I
3037(newd,)S
10 R
3321(is)S
3436(the)S
3607(lowest)S
3918(numbered)S
4368(descriptor)S
4819(that)S
5018(is)S
5133(not)S
2376 V
1080(currently)S
1469(in)S
1572(use)S
1731(by)S
1856(the)S
2004(process.)S
2544 V
1080(The)S
1263(object)S
1535(referenced)S
1988(by)S
2114(the)S
2263(descriptor)S
2692(does)S
2902(not)S
(distinguish)440 3056 A
3522(between)S
3884(references)S
4326(using)S
10 I
4569(oldd)S
10 R
4773(and)S
10 I
4944(newd)S
10 R
5183(in)S
2664 V
1080(any)S
1251(way.)S
1495(Thus)S
1722(if)S
10 I
1810(newd)S
10 R
2048(and)S
10 I
2219(oldd)S
10 R
2422(are)S
(duplicate)369 2571 A
2965(references)S
3406(to)S
3509(an)S
3629(open)S
3849(256le,)S
10 B
4028(read)S
10 R
4224((2),)S
10 B
4392(write)S
10 R
4617((2))S
4760(and)S
10 B
4930(lseek)S
10 R
5143((2))S
2784 V
1080(calls)S
1295(all)S
1426(move)S
1679(a)S
1754(single)S
2024(pointer)S
2339(into)S
2525(the)S
2678(256le,)S
2862(and)S
3037(append)S
3357(mode,)S
(non-blocking)535 3635 A
4201(I/O)S
4367(and)S
(asynchronous)552 4543 A
5126(I/O)S
2904 V
1080(options)S
1417(are)S
1583(shared)S
1888(between)S
2266(the)S
2431(references.)S
2938(If)S
3047(a)S
3133(separate)S
3505(pointer)S
3831(into)S
4028(the)S
4192(256le)S
4362(is)S
4470(desired,)S
4827(a)S
4913(different)S
3024 V
1080(object)S
1357(reference)S
1765(to)S
1874(the)S
2028(256le)S
2188(must)S
2414(be)S
2540(obtained)S
2918(by)S
3050(issuing)S
3366(an)S
(additional)402 3493 A
10 B
3927(open)S
10 R
4134((2))S
4284(call.)S
4512(The)S
4701(close-on-exec)S
3144 V
1080(257ag)S
1256(on)S
1381(the)S
1529(new)S
1722(256le)S
1876(descriptor)S
2304(is)S
2396(unset.)S
3312 V
1080(In)S
1189(the)S
(second)279 1337 A
1641(form)S
1862(of)S
1971(the)S
2119(call,)S
2315(the)S
2463(value)S
2706(of)S
10 I
2815(newd)S
10 R
3052(desired)S
3368(is)S
3460(speci256ed.)S
3893(If)S
3986(this)S
4156(descriptor)S
4584(is)S
4676(already)S
4998(in)S
5102(use,)S
3432 V
1080(the)S
1229(descriptor)S
1658(is)S
1751(256rst)S
1934(deallocated)S
2419(as)S
2529(if)S
2617(a)S
10 B
2688(close)S
10 R
2895((2))S
3039(call)S
3211(had)S
3382(been)S
(done)195 3598 A
3819(256rst.)S
10 I
4052(Newd)S
10 R
4307(is)S
4400(not)S
4554(closed)S
4836(if)S
4923(it)S
5004(equals)S
3552 V
10 I
1080(oldd)S
10 R
1266(.)S
3720 V
9 R
720(R)S
722(RE)S
784(ET)S
842(TU)S
900(UR)S
968(RN)S
1030(N)S
1121(V)S
1123(VA)S
1191(AL)S
1259(LU)S
1317(UE)S
1385(E)S
3840 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1275(value)S
10 R-1
1531(-)S
10 R
1588(1)S
1676(is)S
1781(returned)S
2155(if)S
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3737(external)S
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10 B
(errno)241 4463 A
10 R
4742(indicates)S
5138(the)S
3960 V
1080(cause)S
1329(of)S
1438(the)S
1586(error.)S
4128 V
9 R
720(E)S
722(ER)S
780(RR)S
842(RO)S
904(OR)S
972(RS)S
1034(S)S
4248 V
10 B
1080(Dup)S
10 R
1290(and)S
10 B
(dup2)218 1460 A
10 R
1703(fail)S
1863(if:)S
4416 V
1080([EBADF])S
10 I
1830(Oldd)S
10 R
2056(or)S
10 I
2165(newd)S
10 R
2402(is)S
2494(not)S
2647(a)S
2717(valid)S
2943(active)S
3209(descriptor)S
4584 V
1080([EMFILE])S
1830(Too)S
2017(many)S
2265(descriptors)S
2732(are)S
2881(active.)S
4752 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NO)S
790(OT)S
858(TE)S
916(ES)S
974(S)S
4872 V
10 B
1080(Dup)S
10 R
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10 B
(dup2)218 1460 A
10 R
1703(are)S
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2842(the)S
10 B
2990(F_DUPFD)S
10 R
3470(function)S
3830(of)S
10 B
3939(fcntl)S
10 R
4136((2),)S
(although)351 4304 A
4680(the)S
4828(old)S
4982(system)S
4992 V
1080(call)S
(interfaces)393 1251 A
(still)151 1669 A
1845(exist)S
2060(to)S
(support)301 2163 A
2489(old)S
2642(programs.)S
5160 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
5280 V
10 B
1080(open)S
10 R
1287((2),)S
10 B
1455(close)S
10 R
1662((2),)S
10 B
1830(fcntl)S
10 R
2027((2),)S
10 B
2195(pipe)S
10 R
2380((2).)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(22,)S
(1986)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
EP
%%Page: 1 13
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/slant 0 def
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480 V
10 R
720(EXECVE)S
1127(()S
1169(2)S
1227())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4720(EXECVE)S
5127(()S
5169(2)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(execve)S
10 R-1
1385(-)S
10 R
1467(execute)S
1800(a)S
1870(256le)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<unistd.h>)S
1608 V
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1812(char)S
2046(*)S
10 I
2096(name)S
10 B
2314(,)S
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10 I
2923(argv)S
10 B
3107([],)S
3238(char)S
3472(*const)S
10 I
3784(envp)S
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([]))102 3974 A
1776 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
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1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
1896 V
10 B
1080(Execve)S
10 R
1420(transforms)S
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2362(process)S
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2896(a)S
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2016 V
1080(ordinary)S
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1606(called)S
1875(the)S
10 I
2026(new)S
2216(process)S
2551(256le)S
10 R
2674(.)S
2751(This)S
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3113(is)S
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3586(executable)S
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4317(256le,)S
4498(or)S
4609(a)S
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4837(of)S
4948(data)S
5143(for)S
2136 V
1080(an)S
1209(interpreter.)S
1714(An)S
1871(executable)S
2336(object)S
2616(256le)S
2779(consists)S
3131(of)S
3249(an)S
3378(identifying)S
3853(header,)S
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4575(by)S
4710(pages)S
4974(of)S
5093(data)S
2256 V
1080(representing)S
1606(the)S
(initial)235 1757 A
2020(program)S
2389((text))S
2636(and)S
(initialized)403 2809 A
3240(data)S
3435(pages.)S
(Additional)430 3741 A
4198(pages)S
4454(may)S
4654(be)S
4776(speci256ed)S
5161(by)S
2376 V
1080(the)S
1228(header)S
1522(to)S
1625(be)S
(initialized)403 1745 A
2173(with)S
2377(zero)S
2576(data.)S
2819(See)S
10 B
2990(a.out)S
10 R
3205((5).)S
2544 V
1080(An)S
1231(interpreter)S
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10 I
3255(interpreter)S
10 R
3691(''.)S
3838((Minix-vmd)S
4358(only.))S
4649(When)S
4918(an)S
5042(inter-)S
2664 V
1080(preter)S
1351(256le)S
1515(is)S
10 B
1617(execve)S
10 R
1913('d,)S
2056(the)S
2213(system)S
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2526(execve)S
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2822('s)S
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3086(speci256ed)S
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3478(interpreter)S
10 R
3914(,)S
3973(giving)S
4263(it)S
4353(the)S
4510(name)S
4762(of)S
4880(the)S
5037(origi-)S
2784 V
1080(nally)S
1306(exec'd)S
1600(256le)S
1754(as)S
1863(an)S
1983(argument)S
2388(and)S
2558(shifting)S
2890(over)S
3094(the)S
3242(rest)S
3413(of)S
3522(the)S
3670(original)S
4008(arguments.)S
2952 V
1080(There)S
1353(can)S
1530(be)S
1662(no)S
1799(return)S
2077(from)S
2310(a)S
(successful)414 2392 A
10 B
2843(execve)S
10 R
(because)319 3160 A
3516(the)S
(calling)274 3676 A
3987(core)S
4198(image)S
4481(is)S
4585(lost.)S
4817(This)S
5033(is)S
5138(the)S
3072 V
1080(mechanism)S
1563(whereby)S
1935(different)S
2308(process)S
2635(images)S
2945(become)S
3283(active.)S
3240 V
1080(The)S
1266(argument)S
10 I
1675(argv)S
10 R
1888(is)S
1984(a)S
2058(null-terminated)S
2708(array)S
2945(of)S
3058(character)S
3458(pointers)S
3811(to)S
3918(null-terminated)S
4568(character)S
4968(strings.)S
3360 V
1080(These)S
1354(strings)S
(constitute)391 1655 A
2079(the)S
2235(argument)S
2648(list)S
2804(to)S
2914(be)S
3041(made)S
3291(available)S
3687(to)S
3797(the)S
3952(new)S
4152(process.)S
4536(By)S
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5188(at)S
3480 V
1080(least)S
1293(one)S
1467(argument)S
1876(must)S
2100(be)S
2224(present)S
2544(in)S
2651(this)S
2825(array,)S
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3947(of)S
4060(this)S
4234(array)S
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4767(be)S
4891(the)S
5043(name)S
3600 V
1080(of)S
1189(the)S
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1720(program)S
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2293(the)S
2441(last)S
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3077(of)S
10 I
3186(name)S
10 R
3404().)S
3768 V
1080(The)S
1281(argument)S
10 I
1705(envp)S
10 R
1939(is)S
2050(also)S
2256(a)S
2346(null-terminated)S
3012(array)S
3265(of)S
3394(character)S
3810(pointers)S
4179(to)S
4302(null-terminated)S
4968(strings.)S
3888 V
1080(These)S
1349(strings)S
1645(pass)S
1846(information)S
2349(to)S
2455(the)S
2605(new)S
2800(process)S
3129(that)S
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3401(not)S
3556(directly)S
3891(an)S
4013(argument)S
4420(to)S
4525(the)S
4675(command)S
5098((see)S
4008 V
10 B
1080(environ)S
10 R
1410((7)).)S
4176 V
1080(Descriptors)S
1574(open)S
1798(in)S
1905(the)S
(calling)274 2057 A
2360(process)S
2691(remain)S
3000(open)S
3224(in)S
3331(the)S
3483(new)S
3680(process,)S
4036(except)S
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4296 V
1080(close-on-exec)S
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2258(close)S
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2465((2)).)S
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3358(remain)S
3663(open)S
3883(are)S
4032(unaffected)S
4483(by)S
10 B
4608(execve)S
10 R
4888(.)S
4464 V
(Ignored)313 1080 A
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1738(remain)S
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2679(an)S
10 B
2808(execve)S
10 R
3088(,)S
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3309(signals)S
3622(that)S
3807(are)S
(caught)268 3965 A
4267(are)S
4425(reset)S
4650(to)S
4762(their)S
4981(default)S
4584 V
1080(values.)S
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1782(signals)S
2090(remain)S
2399(blocked)S
2746(regardless)S
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3297(changes)S
3650(to)S
3757(the)S
3909(signal)S
4178(action.)S
4503(The)S
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4958(stack)S
5194(is)S
4704 V
1080(reset)S
1296(to)S
1399(be)S
(unde256ned)396 1519 A
1940((see)S
10 B
2128(sigaction)S
10 R
2508((2))S
2651(for)S
2794(more)S
3026(information).)S
4872 V
1080(Each)S
1313(process)S
1646(has)S
10 I
1811(real)S
10 R
2005(user)S
2205(and)S
(group)234 2382 A
2648(IDs)S
2826(and)S
3003(an)S
10 I
3130(effective)S
10 R
3499(user)S
3699(and)S
(group)234 3876 A
4142(IDs.)S
4370(The)S
10 I
4559(real)S
10 R
4753(ID)S
4892(identi256es)S
4992 V
1080(the)S
1244(person)S
1553(using)S
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1974(system;)S
2321(the)S
10 I
2484(effective)S
10 R
2861(ID)S
3008(determines)S
3490(his)S
(access)258 3647 A
3945(privileges.)S
10 B
4432(Execve)S
10 R
4774(changes)S
5138(the)S
5112 V
1080(effective)S
1474(user)S
1682(and)S
(group)234 1867 A
2141(ID)S
2288(to)S
2406(the)S
2569(owner)S
2861(of)S
2985(the)S
3149(executed)S
3548(256le)S
3718(if)S
3821(the)S
3985(256le)S
4155(has)S
4330(the)S
(set-user-ID)455 4494 A
4990(or)S
5115(set-)S
5232 V
(group-ID)375 1080 A
1480(modes.)S
1817(The)S
10 I
1999(real)S
10 R
2186(user)S
2379(ID)S
2511(is)S
2603(not)S
2756(affected.)S
5400 V
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1455(process)S
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2296(the)S
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3260(from)S
3481(the)S
(calling)274 3629 A
3928(process:)S
5568 V
1330(process)S
1657(ID)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(getpid)S
10 R
3209((2))S
5688 V
1330(parent)S
1607(process)S
1934(ID)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(getppid)S
10 R
3265((2))S
5808 V
1330(process)S
(group)234 1657 A
1916(ID)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(getpgrp)S
10 R
3276((2))S
5928 V
(access)258 1330 A
(groups)273 1613 A
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(getgroups)S
10 R
3365((2))S
6048 V
1330(working)S
1690(directory)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(chdir)S
10 R
3170((2))S
6168 V
1330(root)S
1517(directory)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(chroot)S
10 R
3220((2))S
6288 V
1330(control)S
1640(terminal)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(tty)S
10 R
3058((4))S
6408 V
1330(alarm)S
1585(timer)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(alarm)S
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3197((2))S
6528 V
1330(256le)S
1484(mode)S
1732(mask)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(umask)S
10 R
3225((2))S
6648 V
1330(signal)S
1595(mask)S
2770(see)S
10 B
2924(sigaction)S
10 R
3320((2),)S
10 B
3488(sigprocmask)S
10 R
4046((2))S
6816 V
1080(When)S
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1876(program)S
2242(begins,)S
2554(it)S
2635(is)S
2727(called)S
2993(as)S
3102(follows:)S
6984 V
10 B
1440(int)S
1583(main(int)S
10 I
1978(argc)S
10 B
2162(,)S
2212(char)S
2433(*const)S
10 I
2732(argv)S
10 B
2916([],)S
3034(char)S
3255(*const)S
10 I
3554(envp)S
10 B
([]);)136 3744 A
7224 V
1440(exit(main()S
10 I
1883(argc)S
10 B
2067(,)S
10 I
2117(argv)S
10 B
2301(,)S
10 I
2351(envp)S
10 B
());)102 2541 A
7392 V
10 R
1080(where)S
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1080(fcntl()S
10 I
1311(fd)S
10 B
1397(,)S
1447(F_SETFD,)S
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10 I
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2274())S
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10 I
2648(fd)S
10 R
2751(to)S
10 I
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3051(.)S
4008 V
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1080(fcntl()S
10 I
1311(fd)S
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1397(,)S
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1959(.)S
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10 B
3014(O_NONBLOCK)S
10 R
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10 B
4723(O_APPEND)S
4368 V
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1440((append)S
1798(mode).)S
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10 B
3244(O_RDONLY)S
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3844((read-only),)S
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4358(O_WRONLY)S
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4985((write-)S
4488 V
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10 B
1896(O_RDWR)S
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2392((read-write).)S
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1440(open)S
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1647((2).)S
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10 I
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1397(,)S
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10 I
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2268())S
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4009(.)S
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1440(O_APPEND)S
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2321(changed.)S
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3290(257ags)S
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1262(next)S
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2342(parameter)S
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2880(type)S
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3078(struct)S
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10 R
3588(that)S
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3856(de256ned)S
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4280(<fcntl.h>)S
4679(as:)S
5352 V
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1689(257ock)S
1915({)S
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2743(F_RDLCK,)S
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3761(or)S
3870(F_UNLCK)S
4349(*/)S
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2040(l_whence;)S
2640(/*)S
2743(SEEK_SET,)S
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3836(or)S
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1294(structure)S
1682(describes)S
2092(a)S
2172(segment)S
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2661(a)S
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1336(F_RDLCK)S
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1839(to)S
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2581(F_WRLCK)S
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3111(to)S
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10 B
4058(F_UNLCK)S
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5042(),)S
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2470(),)S
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3971().)S
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1650(lseek)S
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1800(L_pid)S
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2089(is)S
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1311(fd)S
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1397(,)S
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2526(lkp)S
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2657())S
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1440(Find)S
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941(1)S
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4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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480 V
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2604(lkp)S
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2735())S
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3280(lkp)S
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2235(of)S
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10 B
1397(,)S
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10 I
2556(lkp)S
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2687())S
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2957(l_len)S
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3301(zero.)S
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10 B
3663(l_len)S
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3905(is)S
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10 I
2047(fd)S
10 B
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2183(pos)S
10 B
2330(,)S
2380(SEEK_SET))S
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1904(F_SEEK)S
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2594(used)S
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720(S)S
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913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
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1093(O)S
4176 V
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10 R
1287((2),)S
10 B
(dup)168 1455 A
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1623((2),)S
10 B
1791(lseek)S
10 R
2004((2),)S
10 B
2172(ftruncate)S
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2571((3),)S
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2739(int64)S
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2957((3).)S
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720(D)S
722(DI)S
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1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
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4464 V
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1080(Fcntl)S
10 R
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1865(descriptor,)S
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2562(or)S
10 B
2673(0)S
10 R
2750(to)S
2855(indicate)S
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3580(On)S
3730(error)S
10 B-1
3954(-)S
10 B
4011(1)S
10 R
4088(is)S
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5044(set)S
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1080(EINTR)S
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1330(If)S
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1080(EAGAIN)S
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1330(By)S
10 B
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10 R
1944(if)S
2031(a)S
2101(segment)S
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2874(locked.)S
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1080(EBADF)S
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1330(A)S
1433(bad)S
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2312(general,)S
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4478(that)S
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4917(open)S
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1080(ENOLCK)S
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1715(available,)S
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2277(256le)S
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2735(code)S
2950(has)S
3109(run)S
3268(out)S
3421(of)S
3530(internal)S
3863(table)S
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720(A)S
722(AU)S
790(UT)S
858(TH)S
916(HO)S
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1080(Kees)S
1307(J.)S
1396(Bot)S
1566((kjb@cs.vu.nl))S
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720(September)S
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(1986)200 3070 A
3278())S
4990(Page)S
5211(2)S
8143 V
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480 V
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997(()S
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2038(symbol)S
2358("OK")S
2611(is)S
2703(only)S
2906(used)S
3115(inside)S
3380(the)S
3528(kernel)S
3805(source.))S
3168 V
1080(1)S
1180(EPERM)S
1566(Not)S
1742(owner)S