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ALLMAN3.PS：源码内容

720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(14,)S
(1986)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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480 V
10 R
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2696(Eighth)S
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5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
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1645(fgetc,)S
1897(getw)S
10 R-1
2118(-)S
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2744(or)S
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3306(stream)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
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978(PS)S
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1368 V
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2041())S
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2075())S
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2069())S
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9 R
720(D)S
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2514().)S
2592 V
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2760 V
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9 R
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3288 V
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1837((3),)S
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2924((3),)S
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3490(ungetc)S
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3776((3).)S
3456 V
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3576 V
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3984 V
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920(S)S
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4224 V
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7903 V
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941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(12,)S
(1986)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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480 V
10 R
720(GETCWD)S
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5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(getcwd)S
10 R-1
1396(-)S
10 R
1478(get)S
1626(current)S
1937(working)S
2297(directory)S
2686(pathname)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
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1608 V
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10 I
(pathname)396 1985 A
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2381(,)S
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10 I
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2016 V
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720(D)S
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1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
2304 V
10 B
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1753(a)S
1829(null)S
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(errno)241 2690 A
10 R
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3757(The)S
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4804(system)S
5115(call)S
2424 V
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2544 V
1080(error)S
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(ERANGE)431 1302 A
10 R
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2695(does)S
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10 I
3448(len)S
10 R
3596(bytes.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(15,)S
(1985)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
EP
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960 V
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858(ME)S
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720(S)S
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774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
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1314(*getenv(const)S
1940(char)S
2174(*)S
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2224(name)S
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2442())S
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9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
928(A)S
930(AL)S
998(LS)S
1056(SO)S
1108(O)S
2304 V
10 B
1080(environ)S
10 R
1410((7),)S
10 B
1578(execve)S
10 R
1858((2).)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
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4911(17,)S
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8143 V
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940(E)S
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1080(#include)S
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2660(*)S
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2710(name)S
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2928())S
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2364(gid)S
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2492())S
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2174(*)S
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2224(256le)S
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2347())S
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3695(course.)S
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10 B
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10 R
4785(if)S
4875(the)S
(group)234 5027 A
5424 V
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3557(the)S
3705(256le.))S
5592 V
9 R
720(F)S
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5712 V
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720(S)S
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832(E)S
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2642(on)S
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3079(256le,)S
3269(entry)S
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3971(or)S
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4759(set)S
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974(S)S
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10 B
1506(())S
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1948(return)S
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2697(static)S
2935(storage)S
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10 B
2055(getgrgid())S
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2530(are)S
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8 R
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10 R
3425(.)S
3524(The)S
10 B
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10 R
4619(macro)S
4921(must)S
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2818(the)S
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10 R
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8 R
1529(POSIX)S
10 R
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1973(is)S
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3609(reliably)S
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4218(errors)S
4484(by)S
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10 B
(errno)241 4912 A
10 R
5183(to)S
7344 V
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1337(Under)S
1622(Minix)S
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1989(is)S
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2351(to)S
2461(make)S
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10 R
3247(scan)S
3458(if)S
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3734(need)S
3956(to)S
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10 B
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4526(The)S
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10 R
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720(Page)S
941(1)S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
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8143 V
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3866(initgroups)S
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4722(are)S
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720(A)S
722(AU)S
790(UT)S
858(TH)S
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1052(R)S
1368 V
10 R
1080(Kees)S
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1396(Bot)S
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4990(Page)S
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720(S)S
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3761(getpwuid)S
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2039(ttyslot)S
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722(BU)S
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852(GS)S
920(S)S
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10 R
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722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
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1115(S)S
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1080(int)S
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2050(optstring))S
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1080(int)S
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1608 V
1080(char)S
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1728 V
1080(char)S
1314(*optstring;)S
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1627(*optarg;)S
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900(CR)S
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4323(Optstring)S
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4916(string)S
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4881(argument)S
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1774(optind)S
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2208(optind;)S
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2030(optind)S
2311(<)S
2393(argc;)S
2620(optind++))S
3049({)S
2520 V
2160(.)S
2640 V
2160(.)S
2760 V
2160(.)S
2880 V
1800(})S
3000 V
1800(.)S
3120 V
1800(.)S
3240 V
1800(.)S
3360 V
1440(})S
3528 V
9 R
720(H)S
722(HI)S
790(IS)S
823(ST)S
875(TO)S
933(OR)S
1001(RY)S
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3648 V
10 R
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1576(Henry)S
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3768 V
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2267(V)S
2365(version.)S
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9 R
720(B)S
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784(UG)S
852(GS)S
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10 R
1080(It)S
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1778(how)S
1982(`)S
10 R-1
2016(-)S
10 R
2073(')S
2138(standing)S
2509(alone)S
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3056(be)S
3182(treated;)S
3541(this)S
3717(version)S
4044(treats)S
4295(it)S
4383(as)S
4499(a)S
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5048(argu-)S
4176 V
1080(ment,)S
1331(which)S
1602(is)S
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1080(Option)S
1397(arguments)S
1855(are)S
2018(allowed)S
2376(to)S
2493(begin)S
2755(with)S
2973(`)S
10 R-1
3007(-)S
10 R
3064(';)S
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3349(is)S
3455(reasonable)S
3925(but)S
4092(reduces)S
4439(the)S
(amount)301 4601 A
4941(of)S
5064(error)S
4464 V
1080(checking)S
1468(possible.)S
4632 V
10 I
1080(Getopt)S
10 R
1379(is)S
1471(quite)S
1697(257exible)S
2024(but)S
2177(the)S
(obvious)317 2325 A
2667(price)S
2894(must)S
3114(be)S
3234(paid:)S
3485(there)S
3712(is)S
3804(much)S
4052(it)S
4133(could)S
4381(do)S
4506(that)S
4682(it)S
4763(doesn't,)S
5110(like)S
4752 V
1080(checking)S
1468(mutually)S
1850(exclusive)S
2255(options,)S
2600(checking)S
2988(type)S
3186(of)S
3295(option)S
3576(arguments,)S
4045(etc.)S
7903 V
720(September)S
1176(17,)S
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2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(15,)S
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3278())S
4990(Page)S
5211(2)S
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
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480 V
10 R
720(GETPASS)S
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5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(getpass)S
10 R-1
1401(-)S
10 R
1483(read)S
1682(a)S
1752(password)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
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1482(<minix/minlib.h>)S
1608 V
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1314(*getpass(const)S
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2207(*)S
10 I
2257(prompt)S
10 B
2547())S
1776 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
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10 B
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3927(opened,)S
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1744(with)S
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10 I
3016(prompt)S
10 R
3336(and)S
3511(disabling)S
3909(echoing.)S
4306(A)S
4408(pointer)S
4722(is)S
4818(returned)S
5183(to)S
2136 V
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1150(null-terminated)S
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2050(of)S
2159(at)S
2257(most)S
2477(32)S
2602(characters,)S
3062(excluding)S
3483(the)S
3631(null.)S
2304 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
2424 V
10 B
1080(crypt)S
10 R
1310((3).)S
2592 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
2712 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1262(return)S
1528(value)S
1771(points)S
2041(to)S
2144(static)S
2382(data)S
2575(whose)S
2857(content)S
3178(is)S
(overwritten)465 3270 A
3760(by)S
(each)185 3885 A
4095(call.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
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8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(GETPWENT)S
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5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
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1080(getpwent,)S
1499(getpwnam,)S
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2392(setpwent,)S
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3241(setpw256le)S
10 R-1
3630(-)S
10 R
3712(password)S
4117(256le)S
4271(routines)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<pwd.h>)S
1608 V
1080(struct)S
1371(passwd)S
1722(*getpwent(void))S
1728 V
1080(struct)S
1371(passwd)S
1722(*getpwnam(const)S
2516(char)S
2750(*)S
10 I
2800(name)S
10 B
3018())S
1848 V
1080(struct)S
1371(passwd)S
1722(*getpwuid(uid_t)S
10 I
2466(uid)S
10 B
2594())S
1968 V
1080(int)S
1236(setpwent(void))S
2088 V
1080(void)S
(endpwent(void))673 1302 A
2208 V
1080(void)S
1302(setpw256le(const)S
1974(char)S
2208(*)S
10 I
2258(256le)S
10 B
2381())S
2376 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
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1200(ON)S
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2221(obtain)S
2501(information)S
3005(from)S
3230(the)S
3382(password)S
3791(256le.)S
3999(They)S
4235(return)S
4505(this)S
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5183(in)S
2616 V
1080(a)S
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1150(struct)S
1428(passwd)S
10 R
1766(as)S
1875(de256ned)S
2196(by)S
2321(<pwd.h>:)S
2784 V
1080(struct)S
1329(passwd)S
1650({)S
2904 V
1280(char)S
1580(*pw_name;)S
2330(/*)S
2433(login)S
2664(name)S
2907(*/)S
3024 V
1280(char)S
1580(*pw_passwd;)S
2330(/*)S
2433(encrypted)S
2855(password)S
3260(*/)S
3144 V
1280(uid_t)S
1580(pw_uid;)S
2330(/*)S
2433(numeric)S
2788(user)S
2981(id)S
3084(*/)S
3264 V
1280(gid_t)S
1580(pw_gid;)S
2330(/*)S
2433(numeric)S
(group)234 2788 A
3047(id)S
3150(*/)S
3384 V
1280(char)S
1580(*pw_gecos;)S
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2433(user)S
2626(full)S
2791(name)S
3034(and)S
3204(other)S
3436(info)S
3623(*/)S
3504 V
1280(char)S
1580(*pw_dir;)S
2330(/*)S
2433(user's)S
2699(home)S
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3336(*/)S
3624 V
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2433(name)S
2676(of)S
2785(the)S
2933(user's)S
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3414(*/)S
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1080(};)S
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2395(256le)S
2552(entry)S
2787(by)S
2915(entry.)S
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3200(Getpwnam())S
10 R
3772(scans)S
4018(the)S
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1885(name)S
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2111(.)S
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2189(Getpwuid())S
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4242(uid)S
10 R
4378(.)S
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10 R
5116(and)S
4152 V
10 B
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10 R
1608(functions)S
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3992(256le.)S
4211(With)S
10 B
4452(setpw256le())S
10 R
4936(one)S
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4272 V
1080(specify)S
1423(the)S
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1778(to)S
1907(read)S
2132(other)S
2390(than)S
2614(the)S
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3785(This)S
4015(only)S
4244(sets)S
4446(the)S
4620(name,)S
4914(the)S
5088(next)S
4392 V
10 B
(setpwent())450 1080 A
10 R
1557(call)S
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10 B
4537(setpw256le(NULL))S
4512 V
10 R
1080(to)S
1183(revert)S
1444(back)S
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1762(the)S
1910(normal)S
2220(password)S
2625(256le.)S
4680 V
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2552(256le)S
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1905(=)S
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2483(!=)S
2599(NULL))S
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5208 V
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1080(The)S
10 B
1276(pw)S
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1444(variable)S
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2886(wanted)S
3216(if)S
(non-NULL.)479 3317 A
3860(The)S
10 B
4056(getpwnam())S
10 R
4611(and)S
10 B
4795(getpwuid())S
5496 V
10 R
1080(functions)S
1479(are)S
1628(implemented)S
2178(as)S
2287(in)S
2390(this)S
2560(example,)S
2951(with)S
3155(error)S
3377(checking)S
3765(of)S
3874(course.)S
5664 V
10 B
(Getpwent())489 1080 A
10 R
1605(calls)S
10 B
(setpwent())450 1826 A
10 R
2312(if)S
2410(this)S
2591(has)S
2761(not)S
2925(yet)S
3084(been)S
(done.)220 3311 A
10 B
(Setpwent())467 3593 A
10 R
4097(256rst)S
4291(calls)S
10 B
(endpwent())489 4513 A
10 R
5039(if)S
5138(the)S
5784 V
1080(password)S
1485(256le)S
1639(is)S
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1907(open.)S
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2466(implementations)S
3161(may)S
3359(simply)S
3657(rewind)S
3962(the)S
4110(256le.))S
5952 V
9 R
720(F)S
722(FI)S
774(IL)S
807(LE)S
865(ES)S
923(S)S
6072 V
10 B
1080(/etc/passwd)S
10 R
1830(The)S
2012(password)S
2417(256le)S
2571(database.)S
6240 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
6360 V
10 B
1080(cuserid)S
10 R
1394((3),)S
10 B
1562(getlogin)S
10 R
1903((3),)S
10 B
2071(getgrent)S
10 R
2430((3),)S
10 B
2598(passwd)S
10 R
2911((5).)S
6528 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
6648 V
10 B
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10 R
1576(has)S
1739(the)S
1891(same)S
2128(return)S
2399(value)S
2647(and)S
2822(error)S
3049(codes)S
3308(as)S
3422(the)S
10 B
3575(open)S
10 R
3782((2))S
3930(call)S
4106(it)S
4192(uses)S
4395(to)S
4503(open)S
4728(the)S
4881(password)S
6768 V
1080(256le.)S
1290(The)S
10 B
1478(get)S
10 I
(xxx)135 1607 A
10 B
1750(())S
10 R
1849(functions)S
2254(return)S
2526(NULL)S
2827(on)S
2957(end)S
3132(of)S
3246(256le,)S
3430(entry)S
3667(not)S
(found,)259 3825 A
4114(or)S
4228(error.)S
4505(You)S
4708(can)S
4878(set)S
10 B
(errno)241 5020 A
6888 V
10 R
1080(to)S
1183(zero)S
1382(before)S
1665(the)S
1813(call)S
1984(and)S
2154(check)S
2414(it)S
2495(after.)S
7056 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NO)S
790(OT)S
858(TE)S
916(ES)S
974(S)S
7176 V
10 R
1080(All)S
10 B
1234(get)S
10 I
(xxx)135 1363 A
10 B
1506(())S
10 R
1599(routines)S
1948(return)S
2214(a)S
2284(pointer)S
2594(to)S
2697(static)S
2935(storage)S
3251(that)S
3427(is)S
(overwritten)465 3519 A
4009(in)S
(each)185 4112 A
4322(call.)S
7344 V
1080(Only)S
10 B
1324(getpwnam())S
10 R
1883(and)S
10 B
2071(getpwuid())S
10 R
2580(are)S
2747(de256ned)S
3086(by)S
8 R
3224(POSIX)S
10 R
3457(.)S
3550(The)S
10 B
(_MINIX_SOURCE)839 3750 A
10 R
4632(macro)S
4927(must)S
5166(be)S
7464 V
1080(de256ned)S
1405(before)S
1692(including)S
2099(<pwd.h>)S
2489(to)S
2595(make)S
2841(the)S
2992(other)S
3227(functions)S
3629(visible.)S
3975(The)S
10 B
4160(pw_passwd)S
10 R
4680(and)S
10 B
4853(pw_gecos)S
7903 V
10 R
720(Page)S
941(1)S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(GETPWENT)S
1273(()S
1315(3)S
1373())S
2696(Eighth)S
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4574(GETPWENT)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
1080(256elds)S
1327(are)S
1480(also)S
1671(not)S
1828(de256ned)S
2153(by)S
8 R
2277(POSIX)S
10 R
2510(,)S
2564(but)S
2721(are)S
2874(always)S
3184(visible.)S
3532(Portable)S
3898(code)S
(cannot)268 4118 A
4416(reliably)S
4754(detect)S
5025(errors)S
1080 V
1080(by)S
(setting)268 1215 A
10 B
(errno)241 1517 A
10 R
1792(to)S
1904(zero.)S
2162(Under)S
2448(Minix)S
2727(it)S
2817(is)S
2918(better)S
3182(to)S
3294(make)S
3546(a)S
10 B
(getpwent())461 3625 A
10 R
4120(scan)S
4333(if)S
(you)150 4429 A
4613(need)S
4837(to)S
(look)178 4949 A
5161(up)S
1200 V
1080(several)S
1398(user-id's)S
1783(or)S
1899(names,)S
2213(but)S
2373(portable)S
2736(code)S
2959(had)S
3137(better)S
3400(use)S
3567(several)S
10 B
3886(getpwuid())S
10 R
4385(or)S
10 B
4502(getpwnam())S
10 R
5051(calls.)S
1320 V
1080(The)S
10 B
(getpwent())461 1262 A
10 R
1748(is)S
1840(usually)S
2155(available)S
2544(on)S
2669(other)S
2901(systems,)S
3269(but)S
3422(may)S
3620(be)S
3740(very)S
3944(expensive.)S
1488 V
9 R
720(A)S
722(AU)S
790(UT)S
858(TH)S
916(HO)S
984(OR)S
1052(R)S
1608 V
10 R
1080(Kees)S
1307(J.)S
1396(Bot)S
1566((kjb@cs.vu.nl))S
7903 V
720(September)S
1176(17,)S
(1996)200 1326 A
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(15,)S
(1985)200 3070 A
3278())S
4990(Page)S
5211(2)S
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(GETS)S
981(()S
1023(3)S
1081())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4866(GETS)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(gets,)S
1292(fgets)S
10 R-1
1513(-)S
10 R
1595(get)S
1743(a)S
1813(string)S
2067(from)S
2288(a)S
2358(stream)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdio.h>)S
1608 V
1080(char)S
1314(*gets(char)S
1800(*)S
10 I
1850(s)S
10 B
1889())S
1728 V
1080(char)S
1314(*fgets(char)S
1834(*)S
10 I
1884(s)S
10 B
1923(,)S
1986(int)S
10 I
2142(n)S
10 B
2192(,)S
2255(FILE)S
2528(*)S
10 I
2578(stream)S
10 B
2852())S
1896 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2016 V
10 B
1080(Gets)S
10 R
1306(reads)S
1550(a)S
1626(string)S
1886(into)S
10 I
2073(s)S
10 R
2143(from)S
2370(the)S
2524(standard)S
(input)206 2896 A
3133(stream)S
10 B
3433(stdin)S
10 R
3646(.)S
3727(The)S
3915(string)S
4175(is)S
4273(terminated)S
4735(by)S
4866(a)S
4942(newline)S
2136 V
1080(character,)S
1501(which)S
1772(is)S
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2231(in)S
10 I
2334(s)S
10 R
2398(by)S
2523(a)S
2593(null)S
2774(character.)S
10 B
3220(Gets)S
10 R
3441(returns)S
3746(its)S
3866(argument.)S
2304 V
10 B
1080(Fgets)S
10 R
1338(reads)S
10 I
1579(n)S
10 R-1
1637(-)S
10 R
1694(1)S
1772(characters,)S
2235(or)S
2347(up)S
(through)312 2476 A
2817(a)S
2891(newline)S
3239(character,)S
3664(whichever)S
4113(comes)S
4399(256rst,)S
4610(from)S
4835(the)S
10 I
4987(stream)S
2424 V
10 R
1080(into)S
1270(the)S
1427(string)S
10 I
1690(s)S
10 R
1737(.)S
1820(The)S
2010(last)S
2183(character)S
2587(read)S
2794(into)S
10 I
2983(s)S
10 R
3055(is)S
3155(followed)S
3546(by)S
3679(a)S
3757(null)S
3946(character.)S
10 B
4400(Fgets)S
10 R
4663(returns)S
4976(its)S
5104(256rst)S
2544 V
1080(argument.)S
2712 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
2832 V
10 B
1080(puts)S
10 R
1265((3),)S
10 B
1433(getc)S
10 R
1607((3),)S
10 B
1775(scanf)S
10 R
1999((3),)S
10 B
2167(fread)S
10 R
2397((3),)S
10 B
(ferror)264 2565 A
10 R
2829((3).)S
3000 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
3120 V
10 B
1080(Gets)S
10 R
1301(and)S
10 B
1471(fgets)S
10 R
1698(return)S
1964(the)S
2112(constant)S
2472(pointer)S
9 B
2780(NULL)S
10 R
(upon)200 3057 A
3282(end)S
3452(of)S
3561(256le)S
3715(or)S
3824(error.)S
3288 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
3408 V
10 B
1080(Gets)S
10 R
1301(deletes)S
1606(a)S
1676(newline,)S
10 B
2045(fgets)S
10 R
2272(keeps)S
2526(it,)S
2632(all)S
2758(in)S
2861(the)S
3009(name)S
3252(of)S
3361(backward)S
(compatibility.)561 3778 A
3576 V
10 B
1080(Gets)S
10 R
1301(is)S
1393(not)S
1546(present)S
1862(in)S
1965(the)S
2113(Minix-vmd)S
2595(C)S
2687(library)S
2981(for)S
3124(reasons)S
3451(that)S
(should)267 3627 A
3919(be)S
(obvious.)342 4039 A
4431(Use)S
10 B
4613(fgets)S
10 R
4840(instead.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
(GETTTYENT)591 720 A
1319(()S
1361(3)S
1419())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
(GETTTYENT)591 4528 A
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
(getttyent,)377 1080 A
(getttynam,)427 1482 A
(setttyent,)366 1934 A
2325(endttyent)S
10 R-1
2724(-)S
10 R
(interface)354 2806 A
3185(to)S
(/etc/ttytab)403 3288 A
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<ttyent.h>)S
1608 V
1080(struct)S
1371(ttyent)S
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1728 V
1080(struct)S
1371(ttyent)S
(*getttynam(const)745 1662 A
2445(char)S
2679(*)S
10 I
2729(name)S
10 B
2947())S
1848 V
1080(int)S
(setttyent(void))623 1236 A
1968 V
1080(void)S
1302(endttyent(void))S
2136 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2256 V
10 R
1080(The)S
10 B
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10 R
1669(functions)S
2068(provide)S
2400(an)S
(interface)354 2520 A
2899(to)S
3002(the)S
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3628((See)S
10 B
3833(ttytab)S
10 R
4091((5)).)S
2424 V
1080(To)S
1218(read)S
1419(one)S
1591(of)S
1702(these)S
1936(256les)S
2131(one)S
2303(calls)S
10 B
(getttyent())450 2515 A
10 R
2992(several)S
3305(times)S
3550(to)S
3655(read)S
3856(the)S
4006(entries)S
4302(in)S
4407(the)S
4557(table)S
(until)184 4780 A
4991(NULL)S
2544 V
1080(is)S
1172(returned)S
1533(for)S
1676(end-of-256le.)S
2712 V
10 B
(Getttyname())578 1080 A
10 R
1690(searches)S
2064(the)S
10 B
2219(ttytab)S
10 R
2509(256le)S
2671(for)S
2822(the)S
2978(given)S
3234(terminal)S
3603(device.)S
3949(It)S
4044(is)S
4144(equivalent)S
4596(to)S
4707(a)S
4785(call)S
4964(to)S
10 B
(sett-)186 5075 A
2832 V
(tyent(),)312 1080 A
10 R
1417(several)S
1728(calls)S
1938(to)S
10 B
(getttyent())450 2041 A
10 R
2516(to)S
2619(locate)S
2885(the)S
3033(entry,)S
3290(and)S
3460(a)S
3530(256nal)S
10 B
(endttyent())478 3734 A
10 R
4237(to)S
4340(close)S
4572(the)S
4720(256le.)S
3000 V
10 B
(Setttyent())456 1080 A
10 R
1562(opens)S
1822(or)S
1932(rewinds)S
2277(the)S
2426(ttytab)S
2681(database,)S
3079(and)S
10 B
(endttyent())478 3251 A
3756(closes)S
4029(it.)S
(Getttyent())478 4143 A
10 R
4648(opens)S
4909(the)S
5059(data-)S
3120 V
1080(base)S
1284(if)S
1371(not)S
1524(already)S
1846(open,)S
2091(but)S
2244(does)S
2453(not)S
2606(close)S
2838(it.)S
3288 V
1080(The)S
1262(struct)S
1511(ttyent)S
1765(is)S
1857(de256ned)S
2178(by)S
2303(<ttyent.h>)S
2746(as)S
2855(follows:)S
3528 V
1080(struct)S
1329(ttyent)S
1583({)S
3648 V
1280(char)S
(*ty_name;)424 1580 A
2330(/*)S
2433(Name)S
2699(of)S
2808(the)S
2956(terminal)S
3317(device.)S
3630(*/)S
3768 V
1280(char)S
1580(*ty_type;)S
2330(/*)S
2433(Terminal)S
2828(type)S
3026(name)S
3269((termcap(3)).)S
3830(*/)S
3888 V
1280(char)S
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2433(Program)S
2805(to)S
2908(run,)S
3092(normally)S
3480(getty.)S
3731(*/)S
4008 V
1280(char)S
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2330(/*)S
(Initialization)515 2433 A
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3419(normally)S
3807(stty.)S
4002(*/)S
4128 V
1080(};)S
4296 V
1080(A)S
1179(valid)S
1406(entry)S
1639(has)S
1799(at)S
1898(least)S
2109(two)S
2286(strings,)S
2605(so)S
2720(both)S
10 B
2924(ty_name)S
10 R
3319(and)S
10 B
3490(ty_type)S
10 R
3835(are)S
3985(256lled)S
4219(in.)S
4374(The)S
4558(optional)S
10 B
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4416 V
10 R
1080(and)S
10 B
1254(ty_init)S
10 R
1563(may)S
1765(be)S
1889(NULL)S
2188((256eld)S
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3060(to)S
3167(a)S
3241(pointer)S
3555(that)S
3735(is)S
3830(NULL)S
4128((null)S
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4625(256eld,)S
4857(i.e.)S
5008(""),)S
5177(or)S
4536 V
1080(an)S
1207(array)S
1447(of)S
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2459(a)S
2537(NULL)S
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3494(For)S
3667(now)S
3873(no)S
4006(useful)S
4285(distinction)S
4742(can)S
4915(be)S
5043(made)S
4656 V
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1441(a)S
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2047(and)S
2217(an)S
2337(empty)S
2613(256eld,)S
2842(so)S
2956(treat)S
3161(both)S
3364(cases)S
3602(as)S
3711(an)S
3831(omission.)S
4824 V
9 R
720(F)S
722(FI)S
774(IL)S
807(LE)S
865(ES)S
923(S)S
4944 V
10 B
1080(/etc/ttytab)S
10 R
1830(The)S
2012(terminal)S
2373(device)S
2661(database)S
5112 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
5232 V
10 B
1080(ttyname)S
10 R
1433((3),)S
10 B
1601(ttyslot)S
10 R
1870((3),)S
10 B
2038(ttytab)S
10 R
2296((5),)S
10 B
2464(init)S
10 R
2610((8).)S
5400 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
5520 V
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1726(the)S
1877(same)S
2112(return)S
2381(value)S
2627(and)S
2801(error)S
3027(codes)S
3285(as)S
3398(the)S
10 B
3550(open)S
10 R
3757((2))S
3904(call)S
4079(it)S
4164(uses)S
4366(to)S
4473(open)S
4697(the)S
4849(ttytab)S
5107(256le.)S
5640 V
1080(The)S
10 B
1273(get)S
10 I
(xxx)135 1402 A
10 B
1545(())S
10 R
1649(functions)S
2059(return)S
2336(NULL)S
2642(on)S
2778(end)S
2959(of)S
3079(256le,)S
3269(entry)S
3512(not)S
(found,)259 3676 A
3971(or)S
4091(error.)S
4374(You)S
4583(can)S
4759(set)S
10 B
(errno)241 4907 A
10 R
5183(to)S
5760 V
1080(zero)S
1279(before)S
1562(the)S
1710(call)S
1881(and)S
2051(check)S
2311(it)S
2392(after.)S
5928 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NO)S
790(OT)S
858(TE)S
916(ES)S
974(S)S
6048 V
10 B
(Getttyent())478 1080 A
10 R
1583(and)S
10 B
(getttynam())505 1753 A
10 R
2283(return)S
2549(a)S
2619(pointer)S
2929(to)S
3032(static)S
3270(storage)S
3586(that)S
3762(is)S
(overwritten)465 3854 A
4344(in)S
(each)185 4447 A
4657(call.)S
6216 V
1080(The)S
1263(Minix)S
10 B
1534(struct)S
1813(ttyent)S
10 R
2092(has)S
2252(only)S
2456(the)S
10 B
2605(ty_name)S
10 R
3000(and)S
10 B
3172(ty_type)S
10 R
3518(256elds)S
3763(in)S
3868(common)S
4246(with)S
4452(the)S
4602(BSD)S
4825(implemen-)S
6336 V
1080(tation.)S
1387(This)S
1594(does)S
1806(not)S
1962(seem)S
2197(to)S
2303(be)S
2426(a)S
2499(problem,)S
(because)319 2887 A
3234(most)S
3457(third)S
3675(party)S
3910(software)S
4286(that)S
4465(need)S
4683(to)S
(know)223 4788 A
(about)223 5038 A
6456 V
1080(terminals)S
1480(only)S
(look)178 1683 A
1886(at)S
1984(the)S
10 B
2132(ty_name)S
10 R
2526(256eld.)S
6624 V
9 R
720(A)S
722(AU)S
790(UT)S
858(TH)S
916(HO)S
984(OR)S
1052(R)S
6744 V
10 R
1080(Kees)S
1307(J.)S
1396(Bot)S
1566((kjb@cs.vu.nl))S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(June)S
2920(23,)S
(1990)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
(GETHOSTBYNAME)898 720 A
1626(()S
1668(3)S
1726())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
(GETHOSTBYNAME)898 4221 A
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
(g_h_b_n,)375 1080 A
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2154(gethostbyaddr,)S
2781(gethostent,)S
3252(sethostent,)S
(endhostent,)460 3712 A
4205(herror)S
10 R-1
4485(-)S
10 R
4575(get)S
4731(network)S
5094(host)S
1200 V
1080(entry)S
1368 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1488 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<net/gen/netdb.h>)S
1656 V
1080(extern)S
1393(int)S
(h_errno;)381 1549 A
1824 V
1080(struct)S
1371(hostent)S
1723(*gethostbyname(name))S
1944 V
1080(char)S
1314(*name;)S
2112 V
1080(struct)S
1371(hostent)S
1723(*gethostbyaddr(addr,)S
2698(len,)S
2890(type))S
2232 V
1080(char)S
1314(*addr;)S
1643(int)S
1799(len,)S
1991(type;)S
2400 V
1080(struct)S
1371(hostent)S
(*gethostent())561 1723 A
2568 V
(sethostent(stayopen))880 1080 A
2688 V
1080(int)S
(stayopen;)414 1236 A
2856 V
(endhostent())539 1080 A
3024 V
(herror(string))606 1080 A
3144 V
1080(char)S
1314(*string;)S
3312 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
3432 V
10 I
1080(Gethostbyname)S
10 R
1753(and)S
10 I
(gethostbyaddr)574 1945 A
10 R
(each)185 2566 A
2798(return)S
3086(a)S
3178(pointer)S
3510(to)S
3635(an)S
3777(object)S
4071(with)S
4298(the)S
4469(following)S
4908(structure)S
3552 V
1080(describing)S
1540(an)S
1676(internet)S
2025(host)S
2233(referenced)S
2701(by)S
2842(name)S
3101(or)S
3226(by)S
3367(address,)S
3735(respectively.)S
4313(This)S
4533(structure)S
4926(contains)S
3672 V
1080(either)S
1347(the)S
1507(information)S
2019(obtained)S
2402(from)S
2636(the)S
2797(name)S
3053(server,)S
10 I
3363(named)S
10 R
3639((8),)S
3820(or)S
3942(broken-out)S
4421(256elds)S
4677(from)S
4911(a)S
4994(line)S
5183(in)S
3792 V
10 I
1080(/etc/hosts)S
10 R
1468(.)S
1543(If)S
1636(the)S
1784(local)S
2005(name)S
2248(server)S
2520(is)S
2612(not)S
(running)312 2765 A
3102(these)S
3334(routines)S
3683(do)S
3808(a)S
(lookup)278 3878 A
4181(in)S
10 I
4284(/etc/hosts)S
10 R
4672(.)S
3960 V
1440(struct)S
1800(hostent)S
2115({)S
4080 V
1800(char)S
(*h_name;)396 2160 A
2880(/*)S
2983(of256cial)S
3294(name)S
3537(of)S
3646(host)S
3838(*/)S
4200 V
1800(char)S
(**h_aliases;)497 2160 A
2880(/*)S
2983(alias)S
3193(list)S
3341(*/)S
4320 V
1800(int)S
2160(h_addrtype;)S
2880(/*)S
2983(host)S
3175(address)S
3502(type)S
3700(*/)S
4440 V
1800(int)S
2160(h_length;)S
2880(/*)S
2983(length)S
3259(of)S
3368(address)S
3695(*/)S
4560 V
1800(char)S
(**h_addr_list;)580 2160 A
2880(/*)S
2983(list)S
3131(of)S
3240(addresses)S
3651(from)S
3872(name)S
4115(server)S
4387(*/)S
4680 V
1440(};)S
4800 V
1440(#de256ne)S
1800(h_addr)S
2129(h_addr_list[0])S
2880(/*)S
2983(address,)S
3335(for)S
3478(backward)S
(compatibility)536 3895 A
4456(*/)S
4968 V
1080(The)S
1262(members)S
1656(of)S
1765(this)S
1935(structure)S
2313(are:)S
5136 V
(h_name)318 1080 A
1632(Of256cial)S
1966(name)S
2209(of)S
2318(the)S
2466(host.)S
5304 V
1080(h_aliases)S
1632(A)S
1730(zero)S
1929(terminated)S
2385(array)S
2618(of)S
2727(alternate)S
3100(names)S
3382(for)S
3525(the)S
3673(host.)S
5472 V
1080(h_addrtype)S
1632(The)S
1814(type)S
2012(of)S
2121(address)S
2448(being)S
2696(returned;)S
3085(currently)S
3474(always)S
3779(AF_INET.)S
5640 V
1080(h_length)S
1632(The)S
1814(length,)S
2115(in)S
2218(bytes,)S
2480(of)S
2589(the)S
2737(address.)S
5808 V
1080(h_addr_list)S
1632(A)S
1731(zero)S
1931(terminated)S
2388(array)S
2622(of)S
2732(network)S
3088(addresses)S
3500(for)S
3645(the)S
3795(host.)S
4039(Host)S
4256(addresses)S
4669(are)S
4820(returned)S
5183(in)S
5928 V
1632(network)S
1987(byte)S
2185(order.)S
6096 V
1080(h_addr)S
1632(The)S
1814(256rst)S
1996(address)S
2323(in)S
2426(h_addr_list;)S
2931(this)S
3101(is)S
3193(for)S
3336(backward)S
(compatiblity.)533 3753 A
6264 V
1080(When)S
1352(using)S
1601(the)S
1756(nameserver,)S
10 I
2278(gethostbyname)S
10 R
(will)157 2913 A
3102(search)S
3392(for)S
3542(the)S
3697(named)S
3997(host)S
4196(in)S
4307(the)S
4463(current)S
4782(domain)S
5116(and)S
6384 V
1080(its)S
1205(parents)S
1526(unless)S
1807(the)S
1960(name)S
2208(ends)S
2422(in)S
2530(a)S
2604(dot.)S
2811(If)S
2908(the)S
3060(name)S
3307(contains)S
3671(no)S
3800(dot,)S
3982(and)S
4156(if)S
4247(the)S
4399(environment)S
4936(variable)S
6504 V
1080(``HOSTALAIASES'')S
1998(contains)S
2362(the)S
2514(name)S
2761(of)S
2874(an)S
2998(alias)S
3212(256le,)S
3395(the)S
3547(alias)S
3762(256le)S
(will)157 3921 A
4108(256rst)S
4295(be)S
4420(searched)S
4803(for)S
4951(an)S
5076(alias)S
6624 V
1080(matching)S
1479(the)S
(input)206 1627 A
1858(name.)S
2151(See)S
10 I
2322(hostname)S
10 R
2715((7))S
2858(for)S
3001(the)S
3149(domain)S
3475(search)S
3758(procedure)S
4186(and)S
4356(the)S
4504(alias)S
4714(256le)S
4868(format.)S
6792 V
10 I
1080(Sethostent)S
10 R
1518(may)S
1716(be)S
1836(used)S
2045(to)S
2148(request)S
2464(the)S
2612(use)S
2771(of)S
2881(a)S
(connected)408 2952 A
3386(TCP)S
3597(socket)S
3880(for)S
4024(queries.)S
4391(If)S
4485(the)S
10 I
4634(stayopen)S
10 R
5017(257ag)S
5194(is)S
6912 V
(non-zero,)383 1080 A
1490(this)S
1662(sets)S
1840(the)S
1990(option)S
2273(to)S
2378(send)S
2589(all)S
2717(queries)S
3035(to)S
3140(the)S
3290(name)S
3535(server)S
3808(using)S
4051(TCP)S
4262(and)S
4433(to)S
4537(retain)S
4793(the)S
(connec-)319 4942 A
7032 V
1080(tion)S
1268(after)S
(each)185 1486 A
1703(call)S
1881(to)S
10 I
1991(gethostbyname)S
10 R
2626(or)S
10 I
(gethostbyaddr)574 2742 A
10 R
3324(.)S
3406(Otherwise,)S
3878(queries)S
4201(are)S
4357(performed)S
4809(using)S
5059(UDP)S
7152 V
1080(datagrams.)S
7320 V
10 I
(Endhostent)452 1080 A
10 R
1557(closes)S
1828(the)S
1976(TCP)S
(connection.)466 2186 A
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(June)S
2920(23,)S
(1990)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
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1668(3)S
1726())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
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5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(Error)S
1322(return)S
1591(status)S
1848(from)S
10 I
2072(gethostbyname)S
10 R
2703(and)S
10 I
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10 R
3478(is)S
3573(indicated)S
3970(by)S
4098(return)S
4368(of)S
4481(a)S
4555(null)S
4740(pointer.)S
5104(The)S
1200 V
1080(external)S
1432(integer)S
10 I
1739(h_errno)S
10 R
2089(may)S
2289(then)S
2489(be)S
2610(checked)S
2966(to)S
3070(see)S
3225(whether)S
3576(this)S
3747(is)S
3840(a)S
3911(temporary)S
4351(failure)S
4641(or)S
4751(an)S
4872(invalid)S
5177(or)S
1320 V
(unknown)373 1080 A
1485(host.)S
1734(The)S
1923(routine)S
10 I
2240(herror)S
10 R
2534(can)S
2706(be)S
2833(used)S
3049(to)S
3159(print)S
3381(an)S
3508(error)S
3737(message)S
4110(describing)S
4562(the)S
4718(failure.)S
5065(If)S
5166(its)S
1440 V
1080(argument)S
10 I
1498(string)S
10 R
1770(is)S
(non-NULL,)479 1875 A
2392(it)S
2486(is)S
2591(printed,)S
2939(followed)S
3334(by)S
3471(a)S
3553(colon)S
3813(and)S
3995(a)S
(space.)249 4077 A
4388(The)S
4582(error)S
4816(message)S
5194(is)S
1560 V
1080(printed)S
1390(with)S
1594(a)S
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1980(newline.)S
1728 V
10 I
1080(h_errno)S
10 R
1428(can)S
1593(have)S
1808(the)S
1956(following)S
2372(values:)S
1896 V
(HOST_NOT_FOUND)920 1440 A
2460(No)S
2608(such)S
2817(host)S
3009(is)S
(known.)298 3101 A
2064 V
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2460(This)S
2669(is)S
2766(usually)S
3086(a)S
3161(temporary)S
3605(error)S
3832(and)S
4007(means)S
4294(that)S
4475(the)S
4628(local)S
4855(server)S
5133(did)S
2184 V
2460(not)S
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2942(a)S
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3401(from)S
3628(an)S
3754(authoritative)S
4294(server.)S
4622(A)S
4725(retry)S
4946(at)S
5049(some)S
2304 V
2460(later)S
2665(time)S
2869(may)S
(succeed.)344 3067 A
2472 V
1440(NO_RECOVERY)S
2460(Some)S
2736(unexpected)S
3241(server)S
3535(failure)S
3847(was)S
(encountered.)517 4052 A
4642(This)S
4869(is)S
4984(a)S
(non-)184 5077 A
2592 V
2460(recoverable)S
2956(error.)S
2760 V
1440(NO_DATA)S
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3316(is)S
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3648(but)S
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4024(not)S
4184(have)S
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4533(IP)S
4655(address;)S
5017(this)S
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2880 V
2460(not)S
2632(a)S
2721(temporary)S
3179(error.)S
3445(This)S
3668(means)S
3969(that)S
4164(the)S
4330(name)S
4591(is)S
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5138(the)S
3000 V
2460(name)S
2733(server)S
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3218(there)S
3475(is)S
3598(no)S
3754(address)S
4112(associated)S
4582(with)S
4817(this)S
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3120 V
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4278(using)S
4529(this)S
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5043(name)S
3240 V
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3075(an)S
3222(answer;)S
3588(for)S
3758(example,)S
4177(a)S
4275(mail-forwarder)S
4940(may)S
5166(be)S
3360 V
2460(registered)S
2883(for)S
3026(this)S
3196(domain.)S
3528 V
9 R
720(F)S
722(FI)S
774(IL)S
807(LE)S
865(ES)S
923(S)S
3648 V
10 R
1080(/etc/hosts)S
3816 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
3936 V
10 R
1080(resolver(3),)S
1573(hosts(5),)S
1947(hostname(7),)S
2500(named(8))S
4104 V
9 R
720(C)S
722(CA)S
784(AV)S
852(VE)S
920(EA)S
978(AT)S
1046(T)S
4224 V
10 I
1080(Gethostent)S
10 R
1551(is)S
1653(de256ned,)S
2009(and)S
10 I
2190(sethostent)S
10 R
2628(and)S
10 I
(endhostent)435 2809 A
10 R
3280(are)S
3440(rede256ned,)S
3876(when)S
10 I
4130(libc)S
10 R
4317(is)S
(built)184 4420 A
4640(to)S
4754(use)S
4924(only)S
5138(the)S
4344 V
1080(routines)S
1429(to)S
(lookup)278 1532 A
1835(in)S
10 I
1938(/etc/hosts)S
10 R
2343(and)S
2513(not)S
2666(the)S
2814(name)S
3057(server.)S
4512 V
10 I
1080(Gethostent)S
10 R
1541(reads)S
1779(the)S
1927(next)S
2125(line)S
2301(of)S
10 I
2410(/etc/hosts)S
10 R
2798(,)S
2848(opening)S
3196(the)S
3344(256le)S
3498(if)S
(necessary.)417 3585 A
4680 V
10 I
1080(Sethostent)S
10 R
1519(is)S
1612(rede256ned)S
2013(to)S
2117(open)S
2338(and)S
2509(rewind)S
2815(the)S
2964(256le.)S
3170(If)S
3265(the)S
10 I
3415(stayopen)S
10 R
3799(argument)S
4206(is)S
(non-zero,)383 4300 A
4710(the)S
4860(hosts)S
5093(data)S
4800 V
1080(base)S
(will)157 1291 A
1480(not)S
1640(be)S
1767(closed)S
2056(after)S
(each)185 2274 A
2491(call)S
2669(to)S
10 I
2779(gethostbyname)S
10 R
3414(or)S
10 I
(gethostbyaddr)574 3530 A
10 R
4112(.)S
10 I
(Endhostent)452 4194 A
10 R
4678(is)S
4777(rede256ned)S
5183(to)S
4920 V
1080(close)S
1312(the)S
1460(256le.)S
5088 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
5208 V
10 R
1080(All)S
1239(information)S
1744(is)S
1841(contained)S
2262(in)S
2370(a)S
2445(static)S
2688(area)S
2887(so)S
3006(it)S
3092(must)S
3317(be)S
3442(copied)S
3740(if)S
3832(it)S
3918(is)S
4016(to)S
4125(be)S
4251(saved.)S
4561(Only)S
4793(the)S
4947(Internet)S
5328 V
1080(address)S
1407(format)S
1701(is)S
1793(currently)S
(understood.)471 2182 A
7903 V
720(September)S
1176(17,)S
(1996)200 1326 A
4990(Page)S
5211(2)S
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(HTON)S
1009(()S
1051(3)S
1109())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4838(HTON)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(hton,)S
1308(htons,)S
1575(htonl,)S
1831(ntohs,)S
2098(ntohl)S
10 R-1
2329(-)S
10 R
2411(host)S
2603(to)S
2706(network)S
3061(byte)S
3259(order)S
(conversion)441 3497 A
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#de256ne)S
(_MINIX_SOURCE)839 1426 A
2303(1)S
1488 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<stddef.h>)S
1608 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<sys/types.h>)S
1848 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<net/hton.h>)S
2088 V
(u16_t)240 1080 A
(htons(u16_t)509 1358 A
10 I
1905(host_word)S
10 B
2328())S
2208 V
(u32_t)240 1080 A
(htonl(u32_t)498 1358 A
10 I
1894(host_dword)S
10 B
2367())S
2328 V
(u16_t)240 1080 A
(ntohs(u16_t)509 1358 A
10 I
1905(network_word)S
10 B
2485())S
2448 V
(u32_t)240 1080 A
(ntohl(u32_t)498 1358 A
10 I
1894(network_dword)S
10 B
2524())S
2568 V
(u16_t)240 1080 A
(HTONS(u16_t)626 1358 A
10 I
2022(host_word)S
10 B
2445())S
2688 V
(u32_t)240 1080 A
(HTONL(u32_t)637 1358 A
10 I
2033(host_dword)S
10 B
2506())S
2808 V
(u16_t)240 1080 A
(NTOHS(u16_t)626 1358 A
10 I
2022(network_word)S
10 B
2602())S
2928 V
(u32_t)240 1080 A
(NTOHL(u32_t)637 1358 A
10 I
2033(network_dword)S
10 B
2663())S
3096 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
3216 V
10 R
1080(These)S
1362(macros)S
(convert)302 1694 A
2037(16-bit)S
2318(and)S
2504(32-bit)S
(quantities)391 2785 A
3218(to)S
3338(and)S
3525(from)S
3763(the)S
3928(network)S
4300(byte)S
4515(order)S
4770(used)S
4996(by)S
5138(the)S
3336 V
1080(TCP/IP)S
1417(protocols.)S
1874(The)S
2064(function)S
2432(of)S
2549(the)S
2705(macros)S
3029(is)S
3129(encoded)S
3497(in)S
3608(their)S
3826(name.)S
10 B
4127(H)S
10 R
4238(means)S
4528(host)S
4728(byte)S
4934(order,)S
10 B
5205(n)S
3456 V
10 R
1080(means)S
1370(network)S
1733(byte)S
1939(order,)S
10 B
2210(s)S
10 R
2282(means)S
2572(a)S
2650(16-bit)S
(quantity)329 2923 A
3285(and)S
10 B
3463(l)S
10 R
3524(means)S
3814(a)S
3892(32-bit)S
(quantity.)354 4165 A
4578(Thus)S
10 B
4813(htons)S
10 R
5082(con-)S
3576 V
1080(verts)S
1309(a)S
1387(16-bit)S
(quantity)329 1660 A
2022(from)S
2251(host)S
2451(byte)S
2657(order)S
2903(to)S
3014(network)S
3377(byte)S
3582(order.)S
3877(The)S
4066(difference)S
4508(between)S
4876(the)S
5031(lower)S
3696 V
1080(case)S
1282(and)S
(upper)229 1455 A
1712(case)S
1914(variants)S
2261(is)S
2356(that)S
2535(the)S
2686(lower)S
2944(case)S
3146(variants)S
3493(evaluate)S
3858(the)S
4010(argument)S
4419(at)S
4521(most)S
4745(once)S
4964(and)S
5138(the)S
3816 V
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1334(case)S
1533(variants)S
1877(can)S
2042(be)S
2162(used)S
2371(for)S
2514(constant)S
2874(folding.)S
3239(That)S
3449(is,)S
3984 V
(htonl(f(x)))426 1440 A
4152 V
(will)157 1080 A
1262(call)S
1433(f(x))S
1610(at)S
1708(most)S
1928(once)S
2143(and)S
4320 V
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4488 V
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1262(be)S
1382(equivalent)S
1826(to)S
(0x10)200 1929 A
2154(on)S
2279(a)S
2349(big-endian)S
2804(machine)S
3170(and)S
(0x1000)300 3340 A
3665(on)S
3790(a)S
(little-endian)487 3860 A
4372(machine.)S
4656 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
4776 V
10 B
1080(ip)S
10 R
1164((4).)S
4944 V
9 R
720(A)S
722(AU)S
790(UT)S
858(TH)S
916(HO)S
984(OR)S
1052(R)S
5064 V
10 R
(Philip)240 1080 A
1345(Homburg)S
((philip@cs.vu.nl))707 1755 A
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(14,)S
(1986)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(MALLOC)S
1154(()S
1196(3)S
1254())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4693(MALLOC)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(malloc,)S
1404(free,)S
1612(realloc,)S
1937(calloc,)S
2228(alloca)S
10 R-1
2494(-)S
10 R
2576(memory)S
2936(allocator)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<sys/types.h>)S
1488 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdlib.h>)S
1608 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<alloca.h>)S
1848 V
1080(void)S
1302(*malloc(size_t)S
10 I
1950(size)S
10 B
2101())S
1968 V
1080(void)S
(free(void)387 1302 A
1727(*)S
10 I
1777(ptr)S
10 B
1894())S
2088 V
1080(void)S
1302(*realloc(void)S
1899(*)S
10 I
1949(ptr)S
10 B
2066(,)S
2129(size_t)S
10 I
2408(size)S
10 B
2559())S
2208 V
1080(void)S
1302(*calloc(size_t)S
10 I
1911(nelem)S
10 B
2152(,)S
2215(size_t)S
10 I
2494(elsize)S
10 B
2718())S
2328 V
1080(void)S
1302(*alloca(size_t)S
10 I
1916(size)S
10 B
2067())S
2496 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2616 V
10 B
1080(Malloc)S
10 R
1406(and)S
10 B
(free)169 1581 A
10 R
1780(provide)S
2117(a)S
2192(general-purpose)S
2872(memory)S
3238(allocation)S
3666(package.)S
10 B
4077(Malloc)S
10 R
4404(returns)S
4715(a)S
4791(pointer)S
5107(to)S
5216(a)S
2736 V
1080(block)S
1328(of)S
1437(at)S
1535(least)S
10 I
1745(size)S
10 R
1921(bytes)S
2158(beginning)S
2584(on)S
2709(a)S
2779(word)S
(boundary.)404 3011 A
2904 V
1080(The)S
1268(argument)S
1679(to)S
10 B
(free)169 1788 A
10 R
1988(is)S
2086(a)S
2162(pointer)S
2478(to)S
2588(a)S
2665(block)S
2920(previously)S
3376(allocated)S
3772(by)S
10 B
3904(malloc)S
10 R
4189(;)S
4249(this)S
(space)224 4426 A
4682(is)S
4781(made)S
5031(avail-)S
3024 V
1080(able)S
1277(for)S
1424(further)S
1728(allocation,)S
2179(but)S
2336(its)S
2460(contents)S
2824(are)S
2977(left)S
(undisturbed.)499 3141 A
3694(A)S
3796(call)S
3971(with)S
4179(a)S
4253(null)S
10 I
4438(ptr)S
10 R
4584(is)S
4680(legal)S
4904(and)S
5077(does)S
3144 V
1080(nothing.)S
3312 V
1080(Needless)S
1469(to)S
1572(say,)S
1756(grave)S
2005(disorder)S
(will)157 2360 A
2542(result)S
2791(if)S
2878(the)S
(space)224 3027 A
3277(assigned)S
3649(by)S
10 B
3775(malloc)S
10 R
4086(is)S
4179(overrun)S
4518(or)S
4628(if)S
4716(some)S
(random)307 4954 A
3432 V
1080(number)S
1412(is)S
1504(handed)S
1819(to)S
10 B
(free)169 1922 A
10 R
2091(.)S
3600 V
10 B
1080(Malloc)S
10 R
1407(maintains)S
(multiple)335 1829 A
2195(lists)S
2388(of)S
2503(free)S
2692(blocks)S
(according)397 2985 A
3413(to)S
3522(size,)S
3735(allocating)S
(space)224 4163 A
4419(from)S
4647(the)S
4802(appropriate)S
3720 V
1080(list.)S
1288(It)S
1385(calls)S
10 B
1605(sbrk)S
10 R
1836((see)S
10 B
2034(brk)S
10 R
2191((2)))S
2378(to)S
2491(get)S
2649(more)S
2891(memory)S
3261(from)S
3492(the)S
3650(system)S
3964(when)S
4217(there)S
4454(is)S
4556(no)S
4690(suitable)S
(space)224 5037 A
3840 V
1080(already)S
1402(free.)S
4008 V
10 B
1080(Realloc)S
10 R
1427(changes)S
1779(the)S
1930(size)S
2115(of)S
2227(the)S
2378(block)S
2629(pointed)S
2958(to)S
3064(by)S
10 I
3192(ptr)S
10 R
3337(to)S
10 I
3443(size)S
10 R
3622(bytes)S
3862(and)S
4035(returns)S
4343(a)S
4416(pointer)S
4729(to)S
4835(the)S
4987((possi-)S
4128 V
1080(bly)S
1243(moved))S
1585(block.)S
1893(The)S
2085(contents)S
(will)157 2454 A
2645(be)S
2774(unchanged)S
3243(up)S
3377(to)S
3489(the)S
3646(lesser)S
3910(of)S
4028(the)S
4185(new)S
4387(and)S
4566(old)S
4728(sizes.)S
5008(A)S
5115(call)S
4248 V
1080(with)S
1284(a)S
1354(null)S
10 I
1535(ptr)S
10 R
1677(is)S
1769(legal)S
1990(and)S
2160(has)S
2319(the)S
2467(same)S
2699(result)S
2948(as)S
10 B
3057(malloc()S
10 I
3376(size)S
10 B
3535())S
10 R
3569(.)S
4416 V
10 B
1080(Calloc)S
10 R
1379(allocates)S
(space)224 1757 A
2006(for)S
2149(an)S
2269(array)S
2502(of)S
10 I
2611(nelem)S
10 R
2877(elements)S
3260(of)S
3369(size)S
10 I
3551(elsize.)S
10 R
3825(The)S
(space)224 4007 A
4256(is)S
(initialized)403 4348 A
4776(to)S
4879(zeros.)S
4584 V
10 B
1080(Alloca)S
10 R
1382(allocates)S
10 I
1763(size)S
10 R
1942(bytes)S
2182(of)S
(space)224 2294 A
2546(in)S
2653(the)S
2805(stack)S
3041(frame)S
3306(of)S
3419(the)S
3571(caller.)S
3875(This)S
4083(temporary)S
(space)224 4526 A
4779(is)S
4875(automati-)S
4704 V
1080(cally)S
1301(freed)S
1534(on)S
1659(return.)S
4872 V
1080(Each)S
1314(of)S
1430(the)S
1585(allocation)S
2014(routines)S
2370(returns)S
2682(a)S
2759(pointer)S
3076(to)S
(space)224 3186 A
3442(suitably)S
3792(aligned)S
4120((after)S
4373(possible)S
4735(pointer)S
5053(coer-)S
4992 V
1080(cion))S
1312(for)S
1455(storage)S
1771(of)S
1880(any)S
2050(type)S
2248(of)S
2357(object.)S
5160 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
928(A)S
930(AL)S
998(LS)S
1056(SO)S
1108(O)S
5280 V
10 B
1080(brk)S
10 R
1237((2).)S
5448 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
5568 V
10 B
1080(Malloc)S
10 R
1376(,)S
10 B
1427(realloc)S
10 R
1744(and)S
10 B
1915(calloc)S
10 R
2187(return)S
2455(a)S
2527(null)S
2710(pointer)S
3022(if)S
3111(there)S
3340(is)S
3434(no)S
3561(available)S
3952(memory)S
4314(or)S
4425(if)S
4514(the)S
4664(arena)S
4910(has)S
5071(been)S
5688 V
1080(detectably)S
1519(corrupted)S
1930(by)S
2055(storing)S
2359(outside)S
2674(the)S
(bounds)289 2822 A
3136(of)S
3245(a)S
3315(block.)S
5856 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NO)S
790(OT)S
858(TE)S
916(ES)S
974(S)S
5976 V
10 R
1080(Other)S
1335(implementations)S
2030(of)S
10 B
2139(malloc)S
10 R
2424(,)S
10 B
2474(realloc)S
10 R
2790(or)S
10 B
2899(calloc)S
10 R
3170(may)S
3368(return)S
3634(a)S
3704(null)S
3885(pointer)S
4196(if)S
4284(the)S
4433(size)S
4616(of)S
4726(the)S
4875(requested)S
6096 V
1080(block)S
1332(is)S
1428(zero.)S
1681(This)S
1889(implementation)S
(will)157 2549 A
2735(always)S
3044(return)S
3314(a)S
3388(zero)S
3591(length)S
3871(block)S
4123(at)S
4225(a)S
4299(unique)S
4600(address,)S
4955(but)S
(you)150 5111 A
6216 V
(should)267 1080 A
1378(keep)S
1599(in)S
1708(mind)S
1945(that)S
2127(a)S
2203(null)S
2390(return)S
2662(is)S
2760(possible)S
3120(if)S
3213(the)S
3367(program)S
3739(is)S
3837(run)S
4002(to)S
4111(another)S
4445(system)S
4756(and)S
4933(that)S
5116(this)S
6336 V
(should)267 1080 A
1372(not)S
1525(be)S
1645(mistakenly)S
2111(seen)S
2315(as)S
2424(an)S
2544(error.)S
6504 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
6624 V
10 R
1080(When)S
10 B
1345(realloc)S
10 R
1661(returns)S
1966(a)S
2036(null)S
2217(pointer,)S
2552(the)S
2700(block)S
2948(pointed)S
3274(to)S
3377(by)S
10 I
3502(ptr)S
10 R
3644(may)S
3842(be)S
3962(destroyed.)S
6792 V
10 B
1080(Alloca)S
10 R
1379(is)S
1471(machine)S
1837(dependent;)S
2303(its)S
2423(use)S
2582(is)S
2674(discouraged.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(ONE_CSUM)S
1271(()S
1313(3)S
1371())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4576(ONE_CSUM)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(oneC_sum)S
10 R-1
1534(-)S
10 R
1616(One's)S
1882(complement)S
2404(internet)S
2737(checksum)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#de256ne)S
(_MINIX_SOURCE)839 1426 A
2303(1)S
1488 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<stddef.h>)S
1608 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<sys/types.h>)S
1848 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<net/gen/oneCsum.h>)S
2088 V
(u16_t)240 1080 A
(oneC_sum(u16_t)727 1358 A
10 I
2123(prev)S
10 B
2302(,)S
(u16_t)240 2365 A
2643(*)S
10 I
2693(data)S
10 B
2871(,)S
2934(size_t)S
10 I
3213(size)S
10 B
3364())S
2256 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2376 V
10 B
1080(OneC_sum)S
10 R
1598(is)S
1702(used)S
1923(to)S
2038(calculate)S
2434(the)S
2594(one's)S
2849(complement)S
3383(checksum)S
3823(needed)S
4146(for)S
4302(IP)S
4430(network)S
4798(packets.)S
5188(A)S
2496 V
(good)200 1080 A
1305(document)S
(about)223 1726 A
1974(the)S
2122(Internet)S
2461(Checksum)S
2910(is)S
(RFC-1071)424 3002 A
3451((Computing)S
3961(the)S
4109(Internet)S
4448(checksum).)S
2664 V
10 B
1080(One_Csum)S
10 R
1586(expects)S
1913(three)S
2140(parameters:)S
2832 V
10 I
1080(prev)S
10 R
1580(The)S
1775(checksum)S
2215(of)S
2337(previous)S
2721(blocks)S
3021(of)S
3143(data)S
3349(that)S
3538(are)S
3700(to)S
3816(be)S
3949(included)S
4334(in)S
4451(the)S
4613(checksum.)S
5104(The)S
2952 V
1580(value)S
1823(of)S
1932(prev)S
2136(in)S
2239(256rst)S
2421(call)S
2592(to)S
2695(oneC_sum)S
(should)267 3149 A
3441(be)S
3561(0.)S
3120 V
10 I
1080(data)S
10 R
1580(A)S
1681(pointer)S
1994(to)S
2100(the)S
2251(block)S
2502(of)S
2614(data.)S
2860(The)S
3045(data)S
3241(is)S
3336(interpreted)S
3801(as)S
3913(a)S
3986(series)S
4245(of)S
4358(16)S
4487(bit)S
4622(numbers)S
4997(in)S
5104(net-)S
3240 V
1580(work)S
1812(byte)S
2010(order,)S
2273(but)S
2426(an)S
(odd)150 2546 A
2721(number)S
3053(of)S
3162(bytes)S
3399(is)S
3491(also)S
3678(allowed.)S
3408 V
10 I
1080(size)S
10 R
1580(The)S
1762(size)S
1944(of)S
2053(the)S
2201(data)S
2394(in)S
2497(bytes.)S
3576 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
3696 V
10 B
1080(ip)S
10 R
1164((4).)S
3816 V
10 B
(RFC-1071)442 1080 A
3984 V
9 R
720(A)S
722(AU)S
790(UT)S
858(TH)S
916(HO)S
984(OR)S
1052(R)S
4104 V
10 R
(Philip)240 1080 A
1345(Homburg)S
((philip@cs.vu.nl))707 1755 A
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(15,)S
(1985)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(POPEN)S
1048(()S
1090(3)S
1148())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4799(POPEN)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
(popen,)270 1080 A
1375(pclose)S
10 R-1
1657(-)S
10 R
(initiate)280 1739 A
2044(I/O)S
2204(to/from)S
2531(a)S
2601(process)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdio.h>)S
1608 V
1080(FILE)S
1353(*popen(const)S
1962(char)S
2196(*command,)S
2734(const)S
2996(char)S
3230(*type))S
1728 V
1080(int)S
1236(pclose(FILE)S
1806(*stream))S
1896 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2016 V
10 R
1080(The)S
1275(arguments)S
1732(to)S
10 B
1848(popen)S
10 R
2149(are)S
2311(pointers)S
2673(to)S
2789(null-terminated)S
3448(strings)S
3754(containing)S
4216(respectively)S
4741(a)S
4825(shell)S
5054(com-)S
2136 V
1080(mand)S
1331(line)S
1510(and)S
1683(an)S
1806(I/O)S
1969(mode,)S
2245(either)S
2503("r")S
2647(for)S
2792(reading)S
3121(or)S
3232("w")S
3414(for)S
(writing.)316 3559 A
3927(It)S
4016(creates)S
4324(a)S
4396(pipe)S
4596(between)S
4959(the)S
5109(cal-)S
2256 V
1080(ling)S
1265(process)S
1596(and)S
1770(the)S
1922(command)S
2347(to)S
2454(be)S
2578(executed.)S
3015(The)S
3201(value)S
3449(returned)S
3815(is)S
3912(a)S
3987(stream)S
4286(pointer)S
4601(that)S
4782(can)S
4952(be)S
5077(used)S
2376 V
1080((as)S
1223(appropriate))S
1741(to)S
1844(write)S
2077(to)S
2180(the)S
2328(standard)S
(input)206 2694 A
2925(of)S
3034(the)S
3182(command)S
3603(or)S
3712(read)S
3911(from)S
4132(its)S
4252(standard)S
4618(output.)S
2544 V
1080(A)S
1185(stream)S
1486(opened)S
1808(by)S
10 B
1940(popen)S
10 R
(should)267 2235 A
2534(be)S
2661(closed)S
2950(by)S
10 B
3082(pclose)S
10 R
3345(,)S
3402(which)S
3680(waits)S
3925(for)S
4075(the)S
4230(associated)S
4676(process)S
5010(to)S
5120(ter-)S
2664 V
1080(minate)S
1379(and)S
1549(returns)S
1854(the)S
2002(exit)S
2178(status)S
2432(of)S
2541(the)S
2689(command.)S
2832 V
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1444(open)S
1667(256les)S
1863(are)S
2015(shared,)S
2331(a)S
2404(type)S
2605("r")S
2749(command)S
3173(may)S
3374(be)S
3497(used)S
3709(as)S
3821(an)S
(input)206 3944 A
4178(256lter,)S
4422(and)S
4595(a)S
4668(type)S
4869("w")S
5053(as)S
5166(an)S
2952 V
1080(output)S
1361(256lter.)S
3120 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
3240 V
10 B
1080(pipe)S
10 R
1265((2),)S
10 B
1433(fopen)S
10 R
1674((3),)S
10 B
1842(fclose)S
10 R
2083((3),)S
10 B
2251(system)S
10 R
2542((3),)S
10 B
2710(wait)S
10 R
2895((2),)S
10 B
3063(sh)S
10 R
3158((1).)S
3408 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
3528 V
10 B
1080(Popen)S
10 R
1374(returns)S
1679(a)S
1749(null)S
1930(pointer)S
2240(if)S
2327(256les)S
2520(or)S
2629(processes)S
(cannot)268 3040 A
3333(be)S
3453(created,)S
3795(or)S
3904(the)S
4052(shell)S
(cannot)268 4267 A
4560(be)S
(accessed.)378 4680 A
3696 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
3816 V
10 R
1080(Buffered)S
1464(reading)S
1791(before)S
2074(opening)S
2422(an)S
(input)206 2542 A
2773(256lter)S
2989(may)S
3187(leave)S
3425(the)S
3573(standard)S
(input)206 3939 A
4170(of)S
4279(that)S
4456(256lter)S
(mispositioned.)588 4673 A
3936 V
1080(Similar)S
1409(problems)S
1815(with)S
2025(an)S
2151(output)S
2438(256lter)S
2660(may)S
2864(be)S
2990(forestalled)S
3447(by)S
3578(careful)S
3890(buffer)S
4168(257ushing,)S
4547(for)S
4696(instance,)S
5082(with)S
4056 V
10 B
1080(f257ush)S
10 R
1321(,)S
1371(see)S
10 B
1525(fclose)S
10 R
1766((3).)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2694(()S
2736(June)S
2945(5,)S
(1986)200 3045 A
3253())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
EP
%%Page: 1 45
BP
/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(PRINTF)S
1076(()S
1118(3)S
1176())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4771(PRINTF)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(printf,)S
1354(fprintf,)S
1662(sprintf,)S
1975(snprintf,)S
2338(vprintf,)S
2662(vfprintf,)S
3020(vsprintf,)S
3383(vsnprintf)S
10 R-1
3771(-)S
10 R
3853(formatted)S
4270(output)S
(conversion)441 4551 A
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<sys/types.h>)S
1488 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdio.h>)S
1608 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdarg.h>)S
1848 V
1080(int)S
(printf(const)511 1236 A
1785(char)S
2019(*)S
10 I
2069(format)S
10 R
2375([)S
10 B
2409(,)S
10 I
2472(arg)S
10 R
2611(])S
(...)75 2683 A
10 B
2758();)S
1968 V
1080(int)S
(fprintf(FILE)556 1236 A
1830(*)S
10 I
1880(stream)S
10 B
2154(,)S
2217(const)S
2479(char)S
2713(*)S
10 I
2763(format)S
10 R
3069([)S
10 B
3103(,)S
10 I
3166(arg)S
10 R
3305(])S
(...)75 3377 A
10 B
3452();)S
2088 V
1080(int)S
(sprintf(char)522 1236 A
1796(*)S
10 I
1846(s)S
10 B
1885(,)S
1948(const)S
2210(char)S
2444(*)S
10 I
2494(format)S
10 R
2800([)S
10 B
2834(,)S
10 I
2897(arg)S
10 R
3036(])S
(...)75 3108 A
10 B
3183();)S
2208 V
1080(int)S
(snprintf(char)578 1236 A
1852(*)S
10 I
1902(s)S
10 B
1941(,)S
2004(size_t)S
10 I
2283(n)S
10 B
2333(,)S
2396(const)S
2658(char)S
2892(*)S
10 I
2942(format)S
10 R
3248([)S
10 B
3282(,)S
10 I
3345(arg)S
10 R
3484(])S
(...)75 3556 A
10 B
3631();)S
2328 V
1080(int)S
(vprintf(const)561 1236 A
1835(char)S
2069(*)S
10 I
2119(format)S
10 B
2387(,)S
(va_list)279 2450 A
10 I
2767(args)S
10 B
2945();)S
2448 V
1080(int)S
(vfprintf(FILE)606 1236 A
1880(*)S
10 I
1930(stream)S
10 B
2204(,)S
2267(const)S
2529(char)S
2763(*)S
10 I
2813(format)S
10 B
3081(,)S
(va_list)279 3144 A
10 I
3461(args)S
10 B
3639();)S
2568 V
1080(int)S
(vsprintf(char)572 1236 A
1846(*)S
10 I
1896(s)S
10 B
1935(,)S
1998(const)S
2260(char)S
2494(*)S
10 I
2544(format)S
10 B
2812(,)S
(va_list)279 2875 A
10 I
3192(args)S
10 B
3370();)S
2688 V
1080(int)S
(vsnprintf(char)628 1236 A
1902(*)S
10 I
1952(s)S
10 B
1991(,)S
2054(size_t)S
10 I
2333(n)S
10 B
2383(,)S
2446(const)S
2708(char)S
2942(*)S
10 I
2992(format)S
10 B
3260(,)S
(va_list)279 3323 A
10 I
3640(args)S
10 B
3818();)S
2856 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2976 V
10 B
1080(Printf)S
10 R
(places)252 1368 A
1649(output)S
1934(on)S
2063(the)S
2215(standard)S
2585(output)S
2870(stream)S
10 B
3168(stdout)S
10 R
3437(.)S
10 B
3516(Fprintf)S
10 R
(places)252 3860 A
4141(output)S
4426(on)S
4555(the)S
4707(named)S
5005(output)S
3096 V
10 I
1080(stream)S
10 R
1362(.)S
10 B
1445(Sprintf)S
10 R
(places)252 1787 A
2072(`output')S
2429(in)S
2540(the)S
2696(string)S
10 I
2958(s)S
10 R
3005(,)S
3063(followed)S
3454(by)S
3587(the)S
3742(character)S
4145(`\0'.)S
10 B
(Snprintf)365 4373 A
10 R
4770((Minix-vmd)S
3216 V
1080(only))S
1317(is)S
1409(like)S
10 B
1585(sprintf)S
10 R
1902(except)S
2190(that)S
2366(no)S
2491(more)S
2723(than)S
10 I
2921(n)S
10 R-1
2979(-)S
10 R
3036(1)S
3111(characters)S
3546(are)S
(written)286 3695 A
4006(to)S
10 I
4109(s)S
10 R
4173(followed)S
4556(by)S
4681(a)S
4751(`\0'.)S
3384 V
1080(The)S
10 B
1265(v*printf)S
10 R
1646(functions)S
2048(can)S
2216(be)S
2339(used)S
2551(to)S
2657(make)S
2903(functions)S
3305(like)S
3484(the)S
3635(256rst)S
3820(four)S
4016(by)S
4144(using)S
4389(the)S
10 B
4540(stdarg)S
10 R
4814((3))S
(method)301 4960 A
3504 V
1080(to)S
1183(process)S
1510(the)S
1658(argument.)S
3672 V
1080(Each)S
1315(of)S
1432(these)S
1672(functions)S
(converts,)366 2079 A
2479(formats,)S
2846(and)S
3025(prints)S
3288(its)S
3417(arguments)S
3870(after)S
4090(the)S
4247(256rst)S
(under)229 4438 A
4701(control)S
5020(of)S
5138(the)S
3792 V
1080(256rst)S
1265(argument.)S
1723(The)S
1908(256rst)S
2093(argument)S
2501(is)S
2596(a)S
2668(character)S
3066(string)S
3322(which)S
3595(contains)S
3957(two)S
4135(types)S
4374(of)S
4485(objects:)S
4825(plain)S
5053(char-)S
3912 V
1080(acters,)S
1382(which)S
1669(are)S
1834(simply)S
2148(copied)S
2458(to)S
2578(the)S
2743(output)S
3041(stream,)S
3377(and)S
(conversion)441 3564 A
4047(speci256cations,)S
(each)185 4662 A
4889(of)S
5015(which)S
4032 V
1080(causes)S
(conversion)441 1368 A
1834(and)S
2004(printing)S
2347(of)S
2456(the)S
2604(next)S
(successive)425 2802 A
10 I
3252(arg)S
10 R
3399(.)S
4200 V
1080(Each)S
(conversion)441 1326 A
1811(speci256cation)S
2364(is)S
(introduced)430 2475 A
2949(by)S
3093(the)S
3260(character)S
10 B
3675(%)S
10 R
3775(.)S
3869(The)S
4070(remainder)S
4523(of)S
4652(the)S
(conversion)441 4820 A
4320 V
1080(speci256cation)S
1614(includes)S
1974(in)S
2077(the)S
2225(following)S
2641(order)S
4488 V
10 Y1
1080(d)S
10 R
1440(Zero)S
1656(or)S
1765(more)S
1997(of)S
2106(following)S
2522(257ags:)S
4656 V
10 Y1
1440(d)S
10 R
1800(a)S
1874(`#')S
2021(character)S
2421(specifying)S
2869(that)S
3049(the)S
3201(value)S
(should)267 3448 A
3744(be)S
(converted)397 3868 A
4294(to)S
4401(an)S
4526(``alternate)S
4972(form''.)S
4776 V
1800(For)S
10 B
1967(c)S
10 R
2012(,)S
10 B
2064(d)S
10 R
2120(,)S
10 B
2172(s)S
10 R
2211(,)S
2263(and)S
10 B
2435(u)S
10 R
(conversions,)505 2518 A
3050(this)S
3222(option)S
3505(has)S
3666(no)S
3793(effect.)S
4101(For)S
10 B
4268(o)S
10 R
(conversions,)505 4345 A
4876(the)S
5025(preci-)S
4896 V
1800(sion)S
2003(of)S
2123(the)S
2282(number)S
2625(is)S
2728(increased)S
3145(to)S
3259(force)S
3503(the)S
3662(256rst)S
3855(character)S
4262(of)S
4382(the)S
4542(output)S
4835(string)S
5101(to)S
5216(a)S
5016 V
1800(zero.)S
2060(For)S
10 B
2236(x)S
10 R
2286(()S
10 B
2320(X)S
10 R
2393())S
(conversion,)466 2463 A
2964(a)S
(non-zero)358 3044 A
3437(result)S
3696(has)S
3865(the)S
4023(string)S
10 B
4287(0x)S
10 R
4387(()S
10 B
4421(0X)S
10 R
4544())S
4613(prepended)S
5067(to)S
5180(it.)S
5136 V
1800(For)S
10 B
1967(e)S
10 R
2012(,)S
10 B
2064(E)S
10 R
2131(,)S
10 B
2183(f)S
10 R
2217(,)S
10 B
2269(g)S
10 R
2319(,)S
2371(and)S
10 B
2543(G)S
10 R
(conversions,)505 2648 A
3180(the)S
3330(result)S
(will)157 3581 A
3765(always)S
4072(contain)S
4395(a)S
4467(decimal)S
4813(point,)S
5071(even)S
5256 V
1800(if)S
1893(no)S
2024(digits)S
2278(follow)S
2572(the)S
2726(point)S
2963((normally,)S
3416(a)S
3492(decimal)S
3841(point)S
4077(only)S
4285(appears)S
4623(in)S
4731(the)S
4884(results)S
5177(of)S
5376 V
1800(those)S
(conversions)480 2052 A
2572(if)S
2674(a)S
2759(digit)S
2983(follows)S
3325(the)S
3488(decimal)S
3848(point).)S
4179(For)S
10 B
4360(g)S
10 R
4451(and)S
10 B
4637(G)S
10 R
(conversions,)505 4756 A
5496 V
(trailing)291 1800 A
2116(zeros)S
2354(are)S
2503(not)S
2656(removed)S
3033(from)S
3254(the)S
3402(result)S
3651(as)S
3760(they)S
3958(would)S
4234(otherwise)S
4651(be.)S
5664 V
10 Y1
1440(d)S
10 R
1800(a)S
1880(minus)S
2161(sign)S
2364(`)S
10 R-1
2398(-)S
10 R
2455(')S
2525(which)S
2807(speci256es)S
10 I
3190(left)S
3355(adjustment)S
10 R
3832(of)S
3952(the)S
(converted)397 4111 A
4544(value)S
4798(in)S
4912(the)S
5071(indi-)S
5784 V
1800(cated)S
2038(256eld;)S
5952 V
10 Y1
1440(d)S
10 R
1800(a)S
1895(`+')S
2070(character)S
2491(specifying)S
2960(that)S
3161(there)S
(should)267 3413 A
3730(always)S
4060(be)S
4205(a)S
4300(sign)S
(placed)263 4517 A
4830(before)S
5138(the)S
6072 V
1800(number)S
2132(when)S
2375(using)S
2617(signed)S
(conversions.)505 2904 A
6240 V
10 Y1
1440(d)S
10 R
1800(a)S
(space)224 1889 A
2157(specifying)S
2620(that)S
2815(a)S
2904(blank)S
(should)267 3171 A
3482(be)S
3621(left)S
3801(before)S
4104(a)S
(positive)318 4194 A
4557(number)S
4909(during)S
5216(a)S
6360 V
1800(signed)S
(conversion.)466 2087 A
2603(A)S
2701(`+')S
2851(overrides)S
3251(a)S
(space)224 3321 A
3570(if)S
3657(both)S
3860(are)S
4009(used.)S
6528 V
10 Y1
1080(d)S
10 R
1440(an)S
1571(optional)S
1936(digit)S
2156(string)S
2422(specifying)S
2878(a)S
10 I
2960(256eld)S
3170(width;)S
10 R
3464(if)S
3563(the)S
(converted)397 3723 A
4157(value)S
4412(has)S
4583(fewer)S
4851(characters)S
6648 V
1440(than)S
1640(the)S
1790(256eld)S
1995(width)S
2250(it)S
(will)157 2332 A
2515(be)S
2636(blank-padded)S
3209(on)S
3335(the)S
3484(left)S
3645((or)S
3789(right,)S
4030(if)S
4118(the)S
4267(left-adjustment)S
4903(indicator)S
6768 V
1440(has)S
1602(been)S
1820(given))S
2105(to)S
2211(make)S
2457(up)S
2585(the)S
2736(256eld)S
2943(width;)S
3228(if)S
3318(the)S
3469(256eld)S
3676(width)S
3933(begins)S
4223(with)S
4430(a)S
4503(zero,)S
4730(zero-padding)S
6888 V
(will)157 1440 A
1622(be)S
(done)195 1742 A
1962(instead)S
2272(of)S
2381(blank-padding;)S
7056 V
10 Y1
1080(d)S
10 R
1440(an)S
1560(optional)S
1914(period)S
2196(`)S
10 B
2230(.)S
10 R
2255(')S
2339(which)S
2610(serves)S
2887(to)S
2990(separate)S
3346(the)S
3494(256eld)S
3698(width)S
3952(from)S
4173(the)S
4321(next)S
4519(digit)S
4728(string;)S
7224 V
10 Y1
1080(d)S
10 R
1440(an)S
1568(optional)S
1930(digit)S
2147(string)S
2409(specifying)S
2861(a)S
10 I
2939(precision)S
10 R
3346(which)S
3626(speci256es)S
4007(the)S
4164(number)S
4505(of)S
4623(digits)S
4880(to)S
4992(appear)S
7344 V
1440(after)S
1660(the)S
1817(decimal)S
2170(point,)S
2434(for)S
2585(e-)S
2697(and)S
(f-conversion,)534 2875 A
3442(or)S
3559(the)S
3715(maximum)S
4155(number)S
4495(of)S
4612(characters)S
5055(to)S
5166(be)S
7464 V
1440(printed)S
1750(from)S
1971(a)S
2041(string;)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2694(()S
2736(June)S
2945(5,)S
(1986)200 3045 A
3253())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
EP
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BP
/slant 0 def
/height 0 def
480 V
10 R
720(PRINTF)S
1076(()S
1118(3)S
1176())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4771(PRINTF)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
10 Y1
1080(d)S
10 R
1440(the)S
1588(character)S
10 B
1984(l)S
10 R
2037(specifying)S
2481(that)S
2657(a)S
2727(following)S
10 B
3143(d)S
10 R
3199(,)S
10 B
3249(o)S
10 R
3299(,)S
10 B
3349(x)S
10 R
3399(,)S
3449(or)S
10 B
3558(u)S
10 R
(corresponds)486 3639 A
4150(to)S
4253(a)S
(long)178 4323 A
4526(integer)S
10 I
4831(arg)S
10 R
4978(.)S
1128 V
10 Y1
1080(d)S
10 R
1440(a)S
1510(character)S
1906(which)S
2177(indicates)S
2560(the)S
2708(type)S
2906(of)S
(conversion)441 3015 A
3481(to)S
3584(be)S
3704(applied.)S
1296 V
1080(A)S
1183(256eld)S
1392(width)S
1651(or)S
1765(precision)S
2164(may)S
2368(be)S
2494(`*')S
2643(instead)S
2959(of)S
3074(a)S
3150(digit)S
3365(string.)S
3675(In)S
3790(this)S
3966(case)S
4171(an)S
4297(integer)S
10 I
4608(arg)S
10 R
(supplies)329 4778 A
5138(the)S
1416 V
1080(256eld)S
1284(width)S
1538(or)S
1647(precision.)S
1584 V
1080(The)S
(conversion)441 1262 A
1728(characters)S
2163(and)S
2333(their)S
2543(meanings)S
2953(are)S
1752 V
10 B
1080(dox)S
10 R
1440(The)S
1622(integer)S
10 I
1927(arg)S
10 R
2091(is)S
(converted)397 2183 A
2605(to)S
2708(decimal,)S
3077(octal,)S
3323(or)S
3432(hexadecimal)S
3966(notation)S
4320(respectively.)S
1920 V
10 B
1080(X)S
10 R
1440(Like)S
10 B
1650(x)S
10 R
1700(,)S
1750(but)S
1903(use)S
(upper)229 2062 A
2316(case)S
2515(instead)S
2825(of)S
2934(lower)S
3189(case.)S
2088 V
10 B
1080(f)S
10 R
1440(The)S
1631(257oat)S
1844(or)S
(double)273 1962 A
10 I
2269(arg)S
10 R
2442(is)S
(converted)397 2544 A
2976(to)S
3089(decimal)S
3443(notation)S
3807(in)S
3920(the)S
4078(style)S
4303(`[)S
10 B-1
4371(-)S
10 R
(]ddd.ddd')393 4428 A
4856(where)S
5138(the)S
2208 V
1440(number)S
1778(of)S
1893(d's)S
2047(after)S
2264(the)S
2418(decimal)S
2768(point)S
3005(is)S
3103(equal)S
3352(to)S
3461(the)S
3615(precision)S
4015(speci256cation)S
4555(for)S
4703(the)S
4856(argument.)S
2328 V
1440(If)S
1539(the)S
1693(precision)S
2093(is)S
2191(missing,)S
2559(6)S
2640(digits)S
2894(are)S
3049(given;)S
3331(if)S
3424(the)S
3578(precision)S
3979(is)S
(explicitly)380 4078 A
4490(0,)S
4597(no)S
4729(digits)S
4984(and)S
5161(no)S
2448 V
1440(decimal)S
1784(point)S
2015(are)S
2164(printed.)S
2616 V
10 B
1080(e)S
10 R
1440(The)S
1622(257oat)S
1826(or)S
(double)273 1935 A
10 I
2234(arg)S
10 R
2399(is)S
(converted)397 2492 A
2915(in)S
3019(the)S
3168(style)S
3384(`[)S
10 B-1
3452(-)S
10 R
3509(]d)S
10 B
3593(.)S
10 R
(ddd)150 3618 A
10 B
3768(e)S
10 Y
3813(261)S
10 R
3868(dd')S
4028(where)S
4301(there)S
4529(is)S
4622(one)S
4793(digit)S
5003(before)S
2736 V
1440(the)S
1590(decimal)S
1936(point)S
2169(and)S
2341(the)S
2491(number)S
2825(after)S
3038(is)S
3132(equal)S
3377(to)S
3481(the)S
3630(precision)S
4025(speci256cation)S
4560(for)S
4704(the)S
4853(argument;)S
2856 V
1440(when)S
1683(the)S
1831(precision)S
2225(is)S
2317(missing,)S
2679(6)S
2754(digits)S
3002(are)S
(produced.)399 3151 A
3024 V
10 B
1080(g)S
10 R
1440(The)S
1623(257oat)S
1828(or)S
(double)273 1938 A
10 I
2237(arg)S
10 R
2402(is)S
2495(printed)S
2806(in)S
2910(style)S
10 B
3126(d)S
10 R
3182(,)S
3234(in)S
3339(style)S
10 B
3556(f)S
10 R
3590(,)S
3642(or)S
3753(in)S
3858(style)S
10 B
4075(e)S
10 R
4120(,)S
4172(whichever)S
4619(gives)S
4858(full)S
5025(preci-)S
3144 V
1440(sion)S
1632(in)S
1735(minimum)S
(space.)249 2150 A
3312 V
10 B
1080(c)S
10 R
1440(The)S
1622(character)S
10 I
2018(arg)S
10 R
2182(is)S
2274(printed.)S
3480 V
10 B
1080(s)S
10 I
1440(Arg)S
10 R
1618(is)S
1712(taken)S
1957(to)S
2063(be)S
2186(a)S
2259(string)S
2516((character)S
2949(pointer))S
3296(and)S
3469(characters)S
3907(from)S
4131(the)S
4282(string)S
4539(are)S
4691(printed)S
(until)184 5004 A
5216(a)S
3600 V
1440(null)S
1640(character)S
2055(or)S
(until)184 2183 A
2411(the)S
2578(number)S
2929(of)S
3056(characters)S
3509(indicated)S
3921(by)S
4064(the)S
4230(precision)S
4642(speci256cation)S
5194(is)S
3720 V
(reached;)342 1440 A
1807(however)S
2179(if)S
2266(the)S
2414(precision)S
2808(is)S
2900(0)S
2975(or)S
3084(missing)S
3421(all)S
3547(characters)S
3982(up)S
4107(to)S
4210(a)S
4280(null)S
4461(are)S
4610(printed.)S
3888 V
10 B
1080(u)S
10 R
1440(The)S
1622(unsigned)S
2009(integer)S
10 I
2314(arg)S
10 R
2478(is)S
(converted)397 2570 A
2992(to)S
3095(decimal)S
3439(and)S
3609(printed.)S
4056 V
10 B
1080(%)S
10 R
1440(Print)S
1661(a)S
1731(`%';)S
1936(no)S
2061(argument)S
2466(is)S
(converted.)422 2558 A
4224 V
1080(In)S
1191(no)S
1318(case)S
1519(does)S
1730(a)S
(non-existent)497 1802 A
2326(or)S
2438(small)S
2684(256eld)S
2891(width)S
3148(cause)S
3400(truncation)S
3836(of)S
3948(a)S
4021(256eld;)S
4256(padding)S
4607(takes)S
(place)213 4842 A
5083(only)S
4344 V
1080(if)S
1181(the)S
1343(speci256ed)S
1740(256eld)S
1958(width)S
(exceeds)319 2226 A
2584(the)S
2746(actual)S
3026(width.)S
3344(Characters)S
3815(generated)S
4246(by)S
10 B
4385(printf)S
10 R
4676(are)S
4838(printed)S
5161(by)S
4464 V
10 B
1080(putc)S
10 R
1271((3).)S
4632 V
10 B
1080(Examples)S
4752 V
10 R
1080(To)S
1220(print)S
1438(a)S
1511(date)S
1707(and)S
1880(time)S
2087(in)S
2193(the)S
2344(form)S
(`Sunday,)360 2568 A
2956(July)S
3151(3,)S
3255(10:02',)S
3571(where)S
10 I
(weekday)347 3847 A
10 R
4223(and)S
10 I
4397(month)S
10 R
4677(are)S
4830(pointers)S
5183(to)S
4872 V
1080(null-terminated)S
1726(strings:)S
5040 V
1440(printf("%s,)S
1912(%s)S
2060(%d,)S
(%02d:%02d",)562 2244 A
2831(weekday,)S
3239(month,)S
3545(day,)S
(hour,)209 3740 A
3974(min);)S
5208 V
1080(To)S
1217(print)S
10 Y
1432(p)S
10 R
1512(to)S
1615(5)S
1690(decimals:)S
5376 V
1440(printf("pi)S
1842(=)S
1924(%.5f",)S
2208(4*atan(1.0));)S
5544 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
5664 V
10 B
1080(putc)S
10 R
1271((3),)S
10 B
1439(scanf)S
10 R
1663((3),)S
10 B
1831(ecvt)S
10 R
2005((3),)S
10 B
2173(stdarg)S
10 R
2447((3).)S
7903 V
720(September)S
1176(17,)S
(1996)200 1326 A
2573(()S
2615(November)S
3065(6,)S
(1985)200 3165 A
3373())S
4990(Page)S
5211(2)S
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
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480 V
10 R
720(PUTC)S
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4861(PUTC)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(putc,)S
1303(putchar,)S
1655(fputc,)S
1912(putw)S
10 R-1
2138(-)S
10 R
2220(put)S
2373(character)S
2769(or)S
2878(word)S
3110(on)S
3235(a)S
3305(stream)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdio.h>)S
1608 V
1080(int)S
1236(putc(int)S
10 I
1617(c)S
10 B
1662(,)S
1725(FILE)S
1998(*)S
10 I
2048(stream)S
10 B
2322())S
1728 V
1080(int)S
1236(putchar(int)S
10 I
1768(c)S
10 B
1813())S
1848 V
1080(int)S
1236(fputc(int)S
10 I
1651(c)S
10 B
1696(,)S
1759(FILE)S
2032(*)S
10 I
2082(stream)S
10 B
2356())S
1968 V
1080(int)S
1236(putw(int)S
10 I
1645(w)S
10 B
1712(,)S
1775(FILE)S
2048(*)S
10 I
2098(stream)S
10 B
2372())S
2136 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2256 V
10 B
1080(Putc)S
10 R
1302(appends)S
1656(the)S
1804(character)S
10 I
2200(c)S
10 R
2270(to)S
2373(the)S
2521(named)S
2814(output)S
10 I
3095(stream)S
10 R
3377(.)S
3452(It)S
3539(returns)S
3844(the)S
3992(character)S
(written.)311 4388 A
2424 V
10 B
1080(Putchar()S
10 I
1462(c)S
10 B
1515())S
10 R
1574(is)S
1666(defined)S
1993(as)S
10 B
2102(putc()S
10 I
2327(c)S
10 B
2380(,)S
2430(stdout))S
10 R
2733(.)S
2592 V
10 B
1080(Fputc)S
10 R
1358(behaves)S
1707(like)S
10 B
1883(putc)S
10 R
2074(,)S
2124(but)S
2277(is)S
2369(a)S
2439(genuine)S
2782(function)S
3142(rather)S
3403(than)S
3601(a)S
3671(macro.)S
2760 V
10 B
1080(Putw)S
10 R
1341(appends)S
1706(word)S
1949((that)S
2170(is,)S
10 B
2298(int)S
10 R
2416())S
10 I
2486(w)S
10 R
2589(to)S
2704(the)S
2864(output)S
10 I
3157(stream)S
10 R
3439(.)S
3526(It)S
3625(returns)S
3942(the)S
4102(word)S
(written.)311 4346 A
10 B
4719(Putw)S
10 R
4981(neither)S
2880 V
1080(assumes)S
1440(nor)S
1599(causes)S
1887(special)S
2192(alignment)S
2619(in)S
2722(the)S
2870(file.)S
3048 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
3168 V
10 B
1080(fopen)S
10 R
1321((3),)S
10 B
1489(fclose)S
10 R
1730((3),)S
10 B
1898(getc)S
10 R
2072((3),)S
10 B
2240(puts)S
10 R
2425((3),)S
10 B
2593(printf)S
10 R
2846((3),)S
10 B
3014(fread)S
10 R
3244((3).)S
3336 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DI)S
790(IA)S
823(AG)S
891(GN)S
959(NO)S
1027(OS)S
1095(ST)S
1147(TI)S
1205(IC)S
1238(CS)S
1300(S)S
3456 V
10 R
1080(These)S
1352(functions)S
1757(return)S
2029(the)S
2183(constant)S
9 B
2547(EOF)S
10 R
(upon)200 2764 A
2996(error.)S
3275(Since)S
3531(this)S
3708(is)S
3807(a)S
(good)200 3884 A
4116(integer,)S
10 B
(ferror)264 4453 A
10 R
4717((3))S
(should)267 4867 A
5166(be)S
3576 V
1080(used)S
1289(to)S
1392(detect)S
10 B
1658(putw)S
10 R
1902(errors.)S
3744 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
3864 V
10 R
(Because)336 1080 A
1446(it)S
1532(is)S
1629(implemented)S
2184(as)S
2298(a)S
2373(macro,)S
10 B
2681(putc)S
10 R
2903(treats)S
3153(a)S
10 I
3229(stream)S
10 R
3534(argument)S
3945(with)S
4155(side)S
4348(effects)S
4649(improperly.)S
5177(In)S
3984 V
1080(particular)S
1492(`putc(c,)S
1828(*f++);')S
2147(doesn't)S
2468(work)S
2700(sensibly.)S
4152 V
1080(Errors)S
1358(can)S
1523(occur)S
(long)178 1772 A
1975(after)S
2186(the)S
2334(call)S
2505(to)S
10 B
2608(putc)S
10 R
2799(.)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(15,)S
(1985)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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/slant 0 def
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480 V
10 R
720(PUTS)S
975(()S
1017(3)S
1075())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4872(PUTS)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(puts,)S
1297(fputs)S
10 R-1
1523(-)S
10 R
1605(put)S
1758(a)S
1828(string)S
2082(on)S
2207(a)S
2277(stream)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdio.h>)S
1608 V
1080(int)S
1236(puts(char)S
1689(*)S
10 I
1739(s)S
10 B
1778())S
1728 V
1080(int)S
1236(fputs(char)S
1723(*)S
10 I
1773(s)S
10 B
1812(,)S
1875(FILE)S
2148(*)S
10 I
2198(stream)S
10 B
2472())S
1896 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2016 V
10 B
1080(Puts)S
10 R
1307(copies)S
1600(the)S
1759(null-terminated)S
2416(string)S
10 I
2681(s)S
10 R
2756(to)S
2870(the)S
3029(standard)S
3407(output)S
3700(stream)S
10 B
4006(stdout)S
10 R
4312(and)S
4494(appends)S
4860(a)S
4942(newline)S
2136 V
1080(character.)S
2304 V
10 B
1080(Fputs)S
10 R
1352(copies)S
1634(the)S
1782(null-terminated)S
2428(string)S
10 I
2682(s)S
10 R
2746(to)S
2849(the)S
2997(named)S
3290(output)S
10 I
3571(stream)S
10 R
3853(.)S
2472 V
1080(Neither)S
1408(routine)S
1718(copies)S
2000(the)S
2148(terminal)S
2509(null)S
2690(character.)S
2640 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
2760 V
10 B
1080(fopen)S
10 R
1321((3),)S
10 B
1489(gets)S
10 R
1657((3),)S
10 B
1825(putc)S
10 R
2016((3),)S
10 B
2184(printf)S
10 R
2437((3),)S
10 B
(ferror)264 2605 A
10 R
2869((3),)S
10 B
3037(fread)S
10 R
3267((3).)S
2928 V
9 R
720(B)S
722(BU)S
784(UG)S
852(GS)S
920(S)S
3048 V
10 B
1080(Puts)S
10 R
1296(appends)S
1650(a)S
1720(newline,)S
10 B
2089(fputs)S
10 R
2333(does)S
2542(not,)S
2720(all)S
2846(in)S
2949(the)S
3097(name)S
3340(of)S
3449(backward)S
(compatibility.)561 3866 A
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2669(()S
2711(May)S
2920(15,)S
(1985)200 3070 A
3278())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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480 V
10 R
720(QSORT)S
1059(()S
1101(3)S
1159())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
4788(QSORT)S
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(qsort)S
10 R-1
1306(-)S
10 R
1388(quicker)S
1715(sort)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<sys/types.h>)S
1488 V
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdlib.h>)S
1728 V
1080(void)S
1302(qsort(void)S
1782(*)S
10 I
1832(base)S
10 B
2016(,)S
2079(size_t)S
10 I
2358(nel)S
10 B
2481(,)S
2544(size_t)S
10 I
2823(width)S
10 B
3046(,)S
3109(int)S
3265((*)S
10 I
3349(compar)S
10 B
3656()(const)S
3986(void)S
4208(*,)S
4321(const)S
4583(void)S
4805(*)))S
1896 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2016 V
10 B
1080(Qsort)S
10 R
1352(is)S
1445(an)S
1566(implementation)S
2223(of)S
2333(the)S
2482(quicker-sort)S
2995(algorithm.)S
3462(The)S
3645(first)S
3834(argument)S
4240(is)S
4333(a)S
4404(pointer)S
4716(to)S
4821(the)S
4971(base)S
5177(of)S
2136 V
1080(the)S
1233(data;)S
1459(the)S
(second)279 1612 A
1921(is)S
2018(the)S
2171(number)S
2507(of)S
2620(elements;)S
3035(the)S
3187(third)S
3406(is)S
3502(the)S
3654(width)S
3912(of)S
4025(an)S
4149(element)S
4497(in)S
4604(bytes;)S
4873(the)S
5025(last)S
5194(is)S
2256 V
1080(the)S
1230(name)S
1475(of)S
1586(the)S
1736(comparison)S
2232(routine)S
2544(to)S
2649(be)S
2771(called)S
3039(with)S
3245(two)S
3423(arguments)S
3869(which)S
4142(are)S
4294(pointers)S
4646(to)S
4752(the)S
4903(elements)S
2376 V
1080(being)S
1334(compared.)S
1812(The)S
2000(routine)S
2316(must)S
2542(return)S
2814(an)S
2940(integer)S
3251(less)S
3433(than,)S
3661(equal)S
3909(to,)S
4042(or)S
4156(greater)S
4467(than)S
4670(0)S
(according)397 4750 A
5177(as)S
2496 V
1080(the)S
1228(first)S
1416(argument)S
1821(is)S
1913(to)S
2016(be)S
2136(considered)S
2597(less)S
2773(than,)S
2996(equal)S
3239(to,)S
3367(or)S
3476(greater)S
3782(than)S
3980(the)S
(second.)304 4128 A
2664 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
913(A)S
915(AL)S
983(LS)S
1041(SO)S
1093(O)S
2784 V
10 B
1080(sort)S
10 R
1248((1).)S
7903 V
720(Page)S
941(1)S
2545(()S
2587(September)S
3043(29,)S
(1985)200 3193 A
3401())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
(1996)200 5061 A
8143 V
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480 V
10 R
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1114())S
2696(Eighth)S
(Edition)296 2989 A
(RAND)286 4833 A
5127(()S
5169(3)S
5227())S
960 V
9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
858(ME)S
940(E)S
1080 V
10 R
1080(rand,)S
1309(srand)S
10 R-1
1552(-)S
10 R
(random)307 1634 A
1966(number)S
2298(generator)S
1248 V
9 R
720(S)S
722(SY)S
774(YN)S
842(NO)S
910(OP)S
978(PS)S
1030(SI)S
1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
1368 V
10 B
1080(#include)S
1482(<stdlib.h>)S
1608 V
1080(void)S
1302(srand(unsigned)S
10 I
2006(seed)S
10 B
2185())S
1728 V
1080(unsigned)S
1504(rand(void))S
1896 V
9 R
720(D)S
722(DE)S
790(ES)S
848(SC)S
900(CR)S
962(RI)S
1024(IP)S
1057(PT)S
1109(TI)S
1167(IO)S
1200(ON)S
1268(N)S
2016 V
10 B
1080(Rand)S
10 R
1343(uses)S
1544(a)S
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3406(generator)S
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4024(period)S
4310(2)S
1966 V
7 R
4360(32)S
2016 V
10 R
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4566(return)S
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10 B
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3583(.)S
2304 V
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3226(1)S
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2956(as)S
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9 R
720(S)S
722(SE)S
774(EE)S
832(E)S
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915(AL)S
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3401())S
4455(September)S
4911(17,)S
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8143 V
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/slant 0 def
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480 V
10 R
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1218(3)S
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9 R
720(N)S
722(NA)S
790(AM)S
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940(E)S
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4555(changing)S
4958(genera-)S
1200 V
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722(SY)S
774(YN)S
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910(OP)S
978(PS)S
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1082(IS)S
1115(S)S
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3155())S
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1080(Random)S
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1692(a)S
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3666(generator)S
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4548(a)S
4629(default)S
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2496 V
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4796(2)S
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4846(31)S
2496 V
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4916(-)S
10 R
4971(1.)S
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1362(of)S
1471(this)S
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2305(generator)S
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2803(very)S
3007(large,)S
3259(approximately)S
3865(16)S
10 Y
3965(264)S
10 R
4020((2)S
2566 V
7 R
4104(31)S
2616 V
10 Y
4174(-)S
10 R
4229(1).)S
2784 V
10 B
1080(Random/srandom)S
10 R
1933(have)S
2199((almost))S
2611(the)S
2810(same)S
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1080(rand/srand.)S
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2728((3))S
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4827(are)S
4979(usable.)S
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1701(srandom)S
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3690(however,)S
10 B
4092(random)S
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3994(an)S
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