kernel-parameters.txt
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Unix_Linux
- July 2000 Kernel Parameters v2.4.0
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
- by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined
- as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case
- insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
- The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
- restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
- restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
- ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
- APIC APIC support is enabled.
- APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
- AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
- CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
- DEVFS devfs support is enabled.
- DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
- EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
- EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
- FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
- HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
- IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
- IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
- ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
- ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
- JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
- LP Printer support is enabled.
- LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
- M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
- MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
- MDA MDA console support is enabled.
- MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
- NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
- NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
- PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
- PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
- PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
- PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
- PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
- PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
- RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
- SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
- SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
- SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
- SOUND Appropriate sound system support is enabled.
- V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
- VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
- VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
- XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
- In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
- BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
- KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
- BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
- Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
- loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
- Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
- a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
- be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
- it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
- running once the system is up.
- 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers.
- acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
- ad1816= [HW,SOUND]
- ad1848= [HW,SOUND]
- adb_buttons= [HW,MOUSE]
- adlib= [HW,SOUND]
- advansys= [HW,SCSI]
- aedsp16= [HW,SOUND]
- aha152x= [HW,SCSI]
- aha1542= [HW,SCSI]
- aic7xxx= [HW,SCSI]
- AM53C974= [HW,SCSI]
- amijoy= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
- apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management.
- applicom= [HW]
- arcrimi= [HW,NET]
- ataflop= [HW,M68k]
- atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse.
- atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI.
- awe= [HW,SOUND]
- aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztec CD driver.
- baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
- baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem.
- baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Full
- Duplex Mode.
- baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem in Half
- Duplex Mode.
- bmouse= [HW,MOUSE,PS2] Bus mouse.
- bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards), most
- bttv.radio= important insmod options are available as kernel args too.
- bttv.pll= see Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
- bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
- BusLogic= [HW,SCSI]
- cdu31a= [HW,CD]
- chandev= [HW,NET]
- cm206= [HW,CD]
- com20020= [HW,NET]
- com90io= [HW,NET]
- com90xx= [HW,NET]
- condev= [HW]
- console= [KNL] output console + comm spec (speed, control,
- parity).
- cpia_pp= [HW,PPT]
- cs4232= [HW,SOUND]
- cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET]
- ctc= [HW,NET]
- cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
- dasd= [HW,NET]
- db9= [HW,JOY]
- db9_2= [HW,JOY]
- db9_3= [HW,JOY]
- debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
- decnet= [HW,NET]
- devfs= [DEVFS]
- digi= [HW,SERIAL] io parameters + enable/disable command.
- digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
- dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
- support available.
- dmasound= [HW,SOUND] (sound subsystem buffers).
- dtc3181e= [HW,SCSI]
- eata= [HW,SCSI]
- eda= [HW,PS2]
- edb= [HW,PS2]
- eicon= [HW,ISDN]
- es1370= [HW,SOUND]
- es1371= [HW,SOUND]
- ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters (irq,
- base_io_addr, mem_start, mem_end, name.
- (mem_start is often overloaded to mean something
- different and driver-specific).
- fd_mcs= [HW,SCSI]
- fdomain= [HW,SCSI]
- floppy= [HW]
- ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
- gamma= [HW,DRM]
- gc= [HW,JOY]
- gc_2= [HW,JOY]
- gc_3= [HW,JOY]
- gdth= [HW,SCSI]
- gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
- invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
- gscd= [HW,CD]
- gus= [HW,SOUND]
- gvp11= [HW,SCSI]
- hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
- (Cyl/heads/sectors) or tune parameters.
- hfmodem= [HW,AX25]
- hisax= [HW,ISDN]
- i810= [HW,DRM]
- ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter.
- icn= [HW,ISDN]
- ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : config (iomem/irq), tuning or
- debugging (serialize,reset,no{dma,tune,probe}) or
- chipset specific parameters.
- idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem : VLB/PCI bus speed.
- idle= [HW]
- in2000= [HW,SCSI]
- init= [KNL]
- initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk.
- ip= [PNP]
- isapnp= [ISAPNP] Specify RDP, reset, pci_scan and verbosity.
- isapnp_reserve_irq= [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration.
- isapnp_reserve_dma= [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration.
- isapnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration.
- Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
- isapnp_reserve_mem= [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the autoconfiguration.
- Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
- isp16= [HW,CD]
- iucv= [HW,NET]
- js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
- kbd-reset [VT]
- keep_initrd [HW, ARM]
- load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy.
- logi_busmouse= [HW, MOUSE]
- lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
- lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
- lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
- lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
- specified in addition to the ports) causes
- attached printers to be reset. Using
- lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
- to associate lp devices with, starting with
- lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
- that lp device, or a parport name such as
- 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
- port specification list means that device IDs
- from each port should be examined, to see if
- an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
- so, the driver will manage that printer.
- ltpc= [HW]
- mac5380= [HW,SCSI]
- mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI]
- mad16= [HW,SOUND]
- maui= [HW,SOUND]
- max_loop=[0-255] [LOOP] Set the maximum number of loopback devices
- that can be mounted.
- maxcpus= [SMP] States the maximum number of processors that
- an SMP kernel should make use of.
- max_scsi_luns= [SCSI]
- mca-pentium [BUGS=ix86]
- mcd= [HW,CD]
- mcdx= [HW,CD]
- md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level.
- mdisk= [HW]
- mdacon= [MDA]
- megaraid= [HW,SCSI]
- mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] force use of a specific amount of
- memory; to be used when the kernel is not able
- to see the whole system memory or for test.
- memfrac= [KNL]
- mga= [HW,DRM]
- mpu401= [HW,SOUND]
- msmouse= [HW,MOUSE] Microsoft Mouse.
- ncr5380= [HW,SCSI]
- ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
- ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
- ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
- ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
- netdev= [NET] Ethernet cards parameters (irq,
- base_io_addr, mem_start, mem_end, name.
- (mem_start is often overloaded to mean something
- different and driver-specific).
- (cf: ether=)
- nfsaddrs= [NFS]
- nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
- nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=ix86] debugging features for SMP kernels.
- no387 [BUGS=ix86] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
- emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
- is present.
- noalign [KNL,ARM]
- noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel not to make use of any
- APIC that may be present on the system.
- noasync [HW, M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
- all devices.
- nocache [ARM]
- nodisconnect [HW,SCSI, M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
- nohlt [BUGS=ARM]
- no-hlt [BUGS=ix86]
- noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
- noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
- initial RAM disk.
- nointroute [IA-64]
- no-scroll [VGA]
- nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
- nosync [HW, M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
- notsc [BUGS=ix86] Disable Time Stamp Counter
- nowb [ARM]
- opl3= [HW,SOUND]
- opl3sa= [HW,SOUND]
- opl3sa2= [HW,SOUND]
- optcd= [HW,CD]
- panic= [KNL] kernel behaviour on panic.
- parport=0 [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
- parport=auto Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
- parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
- default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
- settings because of possible
- conflicts). You can specify the base
- address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
- DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
- using detected settings on that
- particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
- using a FIFO even if it is detected).
- Parallel ports are assigned in the
- order they are specified on the command
- line, starting with parport0.
- pas2= [HW,SOUND]
- pas16= [HW,SCSI]
- pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
- pcd. [PARIDE]
- pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
- off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
- bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
- the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
- has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
- nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
- hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
- if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
- suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
- conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
- conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
- nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
- order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
- to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
- biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
- routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
- on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
- but on other computers it's the only way to get the
- interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
- is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
- buses on your motherboard.
- rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
- Use with caution as certain devices share address
- decoders between ROMs and other resources.
- irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
- automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
- exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
- lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
- if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
- and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
- assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
- numbers ourselves, overriding
- whatever the firmware may have
- done.
- pd. [PARIDE]
- pf. [PARIDE]
- pg. [PARIDE]
- pirq= [SMP,APIC] mp-table.
- plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link.
- profile= [KNL] enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
- (param:log level).
- prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
- before loading.
- pss= [HW,SOUND]
- pt. [PARIDE]
- quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages.
- r128= [HW,DRM]
- raid= [HW,RAID]
- ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated].
- ramdisk_blocksize=
- [RAM]
- ramdisk_size= [RAM] New name for the ramdisk parameter.
- ramdisk_start= [RAM] Starting block of RAM disk image (so you can
- place it after the kernel image on a boot floppy).
- reboot= [BUGS=ix86]
- reserve= [KNL,BUGS] force the kernel to ignore some iomem area.
- riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
- ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot.
- root= [KNL] root filesystem.
- rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot.
- S [KNL] run init in single mode.
- sb= [HW,SOUND]
- sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter.
- scsi_logging= [SCSI]
- scsihosts= [SCSI]
- sg_def_reserved_size=
- [SCSI]
- sgalaxy= [HW,SOUND]
- sim710= [SCSI,HW]
- sjcd= [HW,CD]
- smart2= [HW]
- sonicvibes= [HW,SOUND]
- sonycd535= [HW,CD]
- sound= [SOUND]
- soundmodem= [HW,AX25,SOUND] Use sound card as packet radio modem.
- specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter.
- sscape= [HW,SOUND]
- st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.).
- st0x= [HW,SCSI]
- stram_swap= [HW]
- swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs.
- switches= [HW, M68K]
- sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
- sym53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
- t128= [HW,SCSI]
- tdfx= [HW,DRM]
- tgfx= [HW,JOY]
- tgfx_2= [HW,JOY]
- tgfx_3= [HW,JOY]
- tmc8xx= [HW,SCSI]
- tmscsim= [HW,SCSI]
- tp720= [HW,PS2]
- trix= [HW,SOUND]
- u14-34f= [HW,SCSI]
- uart401= [HW,SOUND]
- uart6850= [HW,SOUND]
- usbfix [BUGS=IA-64]
- video= [FB] frame buffer configuration.
- vga= [BOOT] on ix386, select a particular video mode
- (use vga=ask for menu). This is actually a
- boot loader parameter; the value is passed to
- the kernel using a special protocol. See
- linux/Documentation/i386/boot.txt for information.
- vmhalt= [KNL,S390]
- vmpoff= [KNL,S390]
- waveartist= [HW,SOUND]
- wd33c93= [HW,SCSI]
- wd7000= [HW,SCSI]
- wdt= [HW]
- xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
- xd_geo= [HW,XT]