sysrq.txt
上传用户:lgb322
上传日期:2013-02-24
资源大小:30529k
文件大小:9k
- Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks
- Documentation for sysrq.c version 1.15
- Last update: $Date: 2001/01/28 10:15:59 $
- * What is the magic SysRq key?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- It is a 'magical' key combo you can hit which the kernel will respond to
- regardless of whatever else it is doing, unless it is completely locked up.
- * How do I enable the magic SysRq key?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- You need to say "yes" to 'Magic SysRq key (CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ)' when
- configuring the kernel. When running on a kernel with SysRq compiled in, it
- may be DISABLED at run-time using following command:
- echo "0" > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
- Note that previous versions disabled sysrq by default, and you were required
- to specifically enable it at run-time. That is not the case any longer.
- * How do I use the magic SysRq key?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- On x86 - You press the key combo 'ALT-SysRq-<command key>'. Note - Some
- keyboards may not have a key labeled 'SysRq'. The 'SysRq' key is
- also known as the 'Print Screen' key.
- On SPARC - You press 'ALT-STOP-<command key>', I believe.
- On the serial console (PC style standard serial ports only) -
- You send a BREAK, then within 5 seconds a command key. Sending
- BREAK twice is interpreted as a normal BREAK.
- On PowerPC - Press 'ALT - Print Screen (or F13) - <command key>,
- Print Screen (or F13) - <command key> may suffice.
- On other - If you know of the key combos for other architectures, please
- let me know so I can add them to this section.
- * What are the 'command' keys?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- 'r' - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE.
- 'k' - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual
- console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section.
- 'b' - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting
- your disks.
- 'o' - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported).
- 's' - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems.
- 'u' - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only.
- 'p' - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console.
- 't' - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your
- console.
- 'm' - Will dump current memory info to your console.
- '0'-'9' - Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages
- will be printed to your console. ('0', for example would make
- it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would
- make it to your console.)
- 'e' - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init.
- 'i' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init.
- 'l' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, INCLUDING init. (Your system
- will be non-functional after this.)
- 'h' - Will display help ( actually any other key than those listed
- above will display help. but 'h' is easy to remember :-)
- * Okay, so what can I use them for?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Well, un'R'aw is very handy when your X server or a svgalib program crashes.
- sa'K' (Secure Access Key) is useful when you want to be sure there are no
- trojan program is running at console and which could grab your password
- when you would try to login. It will kill all programs on given console
- and thus letting you make sure that the login prompt you see is actually
- the one from init, not some trojan program.
- IMPORTANT:In its true form it is not a true SAK like the one in :IMPORTANT
- IMPORTANT:c2 compliant systems, and it should be mistook as such. :IMPORTANT
- It seems other find it useful as (System Attention Key) which is
- useful when you want to exit a program that will not let you switch consoles.
- (For example, X or a svgalib program.)
- re'B'oot is good when you're unable to shut down. But you should also 'S'ync
- and 'U'mount first.
- 'S'ync is great when your system is locked up, it allows you to sync your
- disks and will certainly lessen the chance of data loss and fscking. Note
- that the sync hasn't taken place until you see the "OK" and "Done" appear
- on the screen. (If the kernel is really in strife, you may not ever get the
- OK or Done message...)
- 'U'mount is basically useful in the same ways as 'S'ync. I generally 'S'ync,
- 'U'mount, then re'B'oot when my system locks. It's saved me many a fsck.
- Again, the unmount (remount read-only) hasn't taken place until you see the
- "OK" and "Done" message appear on the screen.
- The loglevel'0'-'9' is useful when your console is being flooded with
- kernel messages you do not want to see. Setting '0' will prevent all but
- the most urgent kernel messages from reaching your console. (They will
- still be logged if syslogd/klogd are alive, though.)
- t'E'rm and k'I'll are useful if you have some sort of runaway process you
- are unable to kill any other way, especially if it's spawning other
- processes.
- * Sometimes SysRq seems to get 'stuck' after using it, what can I do?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- That happens to me, also. I've found that tapping shift, alt, and control
- on both sides of the keyboard, and hitting an invalid sysrq sequence again
- will fix the problem. (ie, something like alt-sysrq-z). Switching to another
- virtual console (ALT+Fn) and then back again should also help.
- * I hit SysRq, but nothing seems to happen, what's wrong?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- There are some keyboards that send different scancodes for SysRq than the
- pre-defined 0x54. So if SysRq doesn't work out of the box for a certain
- keyboard, run 'showkey -s' to find out the proper scancode sequence. Then
- use 'setkeycodes <sequence> 84' to define this sequence to the usual SysRq
- code (84 is decimal for 0x54). It's probably best to put this command in a
- boot script. Oh, and by the way, you exit 'showkey' by not typing anything
- for ten seconds.
- * I want to add SysRQ key events to a module, how does it work?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- In order to register a basic function with the table, you must first include
- the header 'include/linux/sysrq.h', this will define everything else you need.
- Next, you must create a sysrq_key_op struct, and populate it with A) the key
- handler function you will use, B) a help_msg string, that will print when SysRQ
- prints help, and C) an action_msg string, that will print right before your
- handler is called. Your handler must conform to the protoype in 'sysrq.h'.
- After the sysrq_key_op is created, you can call the macro
- register_sysrq_key(int key, struct sysrq_key_op *op_p) that is defined in
- sysrq.h, this will register the operation pointed to by 'op_p' at table
- key 'key', if that slot in the table is blank. At module unload time, you must
- call the macro unregister_sysrq_key(int key, struct sysrq_key_op *op_p), which
- will remove the key op pointed to by 'op_p' from the key 'key', if and only if
- it is currently registered in that slot. This is in case the slot has been
- overwritten since you registered it.
- The Magic SysRQ system works by registering key operations against a key op
- lookup table, which is defined in 'drivers/char/sysrq.c'. This key table has
- a number of operations registered into it at compile time, but is mutable,
- and 4 functions are exported for interface to it: __sysrq_lock_table,
- __sysrq_unlock_table, __sysrq_get_key_op, and __sysrq_put_key_op. The
- functions __sysrq_swap_key_ops and __sysrq_swap_key_ops_nolock are defined
- in the header itself, and the REGISTER and UNREGISTER macros are built fromi
- these. More complex (and dangerous!) manipulations of the table are possible
- using these functions, but you must be careful to always lock the table before
- you read or write from it, and to unlock it again when you are done. (And of
- course, to never ever leave an invalid pointer in the table). Null pointers in
- the table are always safe :)
- If for some reason you feel the need to call the handle_sysrq function from
- within a function called by handle_sysrq, you must be aware that you are in
- a lock (you are also in an interupt handler, which means don't sleep!), so
- you must call __handle_sysrq_nolock instead.
- * I have more questions, who can I ask?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- You may feel free to send email to myrdraal@deathsdoor.com, and I will
- respond as soon as possible.
- -Myrdraal
- And I'll answer any questions about the registration system you got, also
- responding as soon as possible.
- -Crutcher
- * Credits
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Written by Mydraal <myrdraal@deathsdoor.com>
- Updated by Adam Sulmicki <adam@cfar.umd.edu>
- Updated by Jeremy M. Dolan <jmd@turbogeek.org> 2001/01/28 10:15:59
- Added to by Crutcher Dunnavant <crutcher+kernel@datastacks.com>