ixj.txt
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- Linux Quicknet-Drivers-Howto
- Quicknet Technologies, Inc. (www.quicknet.net)
- Version 0.3.4 December 18, 1999
- 1.0 Introduction
- This document describes the first GPL release version of the Linux
- driver for the Quicknet Internet PhoneJACK and Internet LineJACK
- cards. More information about these cards is available at
- www.quicknet.net. The driver version discussed in this document is
- 0.3.4.
- These cards offer nice telco style interfaces to use your standard
- telephone/key system/PBX as the user interface for VoIP applications.
- The Internet LineJACK also offers PSTN connectivity for a single line
- Internet to PSTN gateway. Of course, you can add more than one card
- to a system to obtain multi-line functionality. At this time, the
- driver supports the POTS port on both the Internet PhoneJACK and the
- Internet LineJACK, but the PSTN port on the latter card is not yet
- supported.
- This document, and the drivers for the cards, are intended for a
- limited audience that includes technically capable programmers who
- would like to experiment with Quicknet cards. The drivers are
- considered in ALPHA status and are not yet considered stable enough
- for general, widespread use in an unlimited audience.
- That's worth saying again:
- THE LINUX DRIVERS FOR QUICKNET CARDS ARE PRESENTLY IN A ALPHA STATE
- AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS READY FOR NORMAL WIDESPREAD USE.
- They are released early in the spirit of Internet development and to
- make this technology available to innovators who would benefit from
- early exposure.
- When we promote the device driver to "beta" level it will be
- considered ready for non-programmer, non-technical users. Until then,
- please be aware that these drivers may not be stable and may affect
- the performance of your system.
- 1.1 Latest Additions/Improvements
- The 0.3.4 version of the driver is the first GPL release. Several
- features had to be removed from the prior binary only module, mostly
- for reasons of Intellectual Property rights. We can't release
- information that is not ours - so certain aspects of the driver had to
- be removed to protect the rights of others.
- Specifically, very old Internet PhoneJACK cards have non-standard
- G.723.1 codecs (due to the early nature of the DSPs in those days).
- The auto-conversion code to bring those cards into compliance with
- todays standards is available as a binary only module to those people
- needing it. If you bought your card after 1997 or so, you are OK -
- it's only the very old cards that are affected.
- Also, the code to download G.728/G.729/G.729a codecs to the DSP is
- available as a binary only module as well. This IP is not ours to
- release.
- Hooks are built into the GPL driver to allow it to work with other
- companion modules that are completely separate from this module.
- 1.2 Copyright, Trademarks, Disclaimer, & Credits
- Copyright
- Copyright (c) 1999 Quicknet Technologies, Inc. Permission is granted
- to freely copy and distribute this document provided you preserve it
- in its original form. For corrections and minor changes contact the
- maintainer at linux@quicknet.net.
- Trademarks
- Internet PhoneJACK and Internet LineJACK are registered trademarks of
- Quicknet Technologies, Inc.
- Disclaimer
- Much of the info in this HOWTO is early information released by
- Quicknet Technologies, Inc. for the express purpose of allowing early
- testing and use of the Linux drivers developed for their products.
- While every attempt has been made to be thorough, complete and
- accurate, the information contained here may be unreliable and there
- are likely a number of errors in this document. Please let the
- maintainer know about them. Since this is free documentation, it
- should be obvious that neither I nor previous authors can be held
- legally responsible for any errors.
- Credits
- This HOWTO was written by:
- Greg Herlein <gherlein@quicknet.net>
- Ed Okerson <eokerson@quicknet.net>
- 1.3 Future Plans: You Can Help
- Please let the maintainer know of any errors in facts, opinions,
- logic, spelling, grammar, clarity, links, etc. But first, if the date
- is over a month old, check to see that you have the latest
- version. Please send any info that you think belongs in this document.
- You can also contribute code and/or bug-fixes for the sample
- applications.
- 1.4 Where to get things
- You can download the latest versions of the driver from:
- http://www.quicknet.net/develop.htm
- You can download the latest version of this document from:
- http://www.quicknet.net/develop.htm
- 1.5 Mailing List
- Quicknet operates a mailing list to provide a public forum on using
- these drivers.
- To subscribe to the linux-sdk mailing list, send an email to:
- majordomo@linux.quicknet.net
- In the body of the email, type:
- subscribe linux-sdk <your-email-address>
- Please delete any signature block that you would normally add to the
- bottom of your email - it tends to confuse majordomo.
- To send mail to the list, address your mail to
- linux-sdk@linux.quicknet.net
- Your message will go out to everyone on the list.
- To unsubscribe to the linux-sdk mailing list, send an email to:
- majordomo@linux.quicknet.net
- In the body of the email, type:
- unsubscribe linux-sdk <your-email-address>
- 2.0 Requirements
- 2.1 Quicknet Card(s)
- You will need at least one Internet PhoneJACK or Internet LineJACK
- cards. These are ISA or PCI bus devices that use Plug-n-Play for
- configuration, and use no IRQs. The driver will support up to 16
- cards in any one system, of any mix between the two types.
- Note that you will need two cards to do any useful testing alone, since
- you will need a card on both ends of the connection. Of course, if
- you are doing collaborative work, perhaps your friends or coworkers
- have cards too. If not, we'll gladly sell them some!
- 2.2 ISAPNP
- Since the Quicknet cards are Plug-n-Play devices, you will need the
- isapnp tools package to configure the cards, or you can use the isapnp
- module to autoconfigure them. The former package probably came with
- your Linux distribution. Documentation on this package is available
- online at:
- http://mailer.wiwi.uni-marburg.de/linux/LDP/HOWTO/Plug-and-Play-HOWTO.html
- The isapnp autoconfiguration is available on the Quicknet website at:
- http://www.quicknet.net/develop.htm
- though it may be in the kernel by the time you read this.
- 3.0 Card Configuration
- If you did not get your drivers as part of the linux kernel, do the
- following to install them:
- a. untar the distribution file. We use the following command:
- tar -xvzf ixj-0.x.x.tgz
- This creates a subdirectory holding all the necessary files. Go to that
- subdirectory.
- b. run the "ixj_dev_create" script to remove any stray device
- files left in the /dev directory, and to create the new officially
- designated device files. Note that the old devices were called
- /dev/ixj, and the new method uses /dev/phone.
- c. type "make;make install" - this will compile and install the
- module.
- d. type "depmod -av" to rebuild all your kernel version dependencies.
- e. if you are using the isapnp module to configure the cards
- automatically, then skip to step f. Otherwise, ensure that you
- have run the isapnp configuration utility to properly configure
- the cards.
- e1. The Internet PhoneJACK has one configuration register that
- requires 16 IO ports. The Internet LineJACK card has two
- configuration registers and isapnp reports that IO 0
- requires 16 IO ports and IO 1 requires 8. The Quicknet
- driver assumes that these registers are configured to be
- contiguous, i.e. if IO 0 is set to 0x340 then IO 1 should
- be set to 0x350.
- Make sure that none of the cards overlap if you have
- multiple cards in the system.
- If you are new to the isapnp tools, you can jumpstart
- yourself by doing the following:
- e2. go to the /etc directory and run pnpdump to get a blank
- isapnp.conf file.
- pnpdump > /etc/isapnp.conf
- e3. edit the /etc/isapnp.conf file to set the IO warnings and
- the register IO addresses. The IO warnings means that you
- should find the line in the file that looks like this:
- (CONFLICT (IO FATAL)(IRQ FATAL)(DMA FATAL)(MEM FATAL)) # or WARNING
- and you should edit the line to look like this:
- (CONFLICT (IO WARNING)(IRQ FATAL)(DMA FATAL)(MEM FATAL)) #
- or WARNING
- The next step is to set the IO port addresses. The issue
- here is that isapnp does not identify all of the ports out
- there. Specifically any device that does not have a driver
- or module loaded by Linux will not be registered. This
- includes older sound cards and network cards. We have
- found that the IO port 0x300 is often used even though
- isapnp claims that no-one is using those ports. We
- recommend that for a single card installation that port
- 0x340 (and 0x350) be used. The IO port line should change
- from this:
- (IO 0 (SIZE 16) (BASE 0x0300) (CHECK))
- to this:
- (IO 0 (SIZE 16) (BASE 0x0340) )
- e4. if you have multiple Quicknet cards, make sure that you do
- not have any overlaps. Be especially careful if you are
- mixing Internet PhoneJACK and Internet LineJACK cards in
- the same system. In these cases we recommend moving the
- IO port addresses to the 0x400 block. Please note that on
- a few machines the 0x400 series are used. Feel free to
- experiment with other addresses. Our cards have been
- proven to work using IO addresses of up to 0xFF0.
- e5. the last step is to uncomment the activation line so the
- drivers will be associated with the port. This means the
- line (immediately below) the IO line should go from this:
- # (ACT Y)
- to this:
- (ACT Y)
- Once you have finished editing the isapnp.conf file you
- must submit it into the pnp driverconfigure the cards.
- This is done using the following command:
- isapnp isapnp.conf
- If this works you should see a line that identifies the
- Quicknet device, the IO port(s) chosen, and a message
- "Enabled OK".
- f. if you are loading the module by hand, use insmod. An example
- of this would look like this:
- insmod phonedev
- insmod ixj dspio=0x320,0x310 xio=0,0x330
- Then verify the module loaded by running lsmod. If you are not using a
- module that matches your kernel version, you may need to "force" the
- load using the -f option in the insmod command.
- insmod phonedev
- insmod -f ixj dspio=0x320,0x310 xio=0,0x330
- If you are using isapnp to autoconfigure your card, then you do NOT
- need any of the above, though you need to use depmod to load the
- driver, like this:
- depmod ixj
- which will result in the needed drivers getting loaded automatically.
- g. if you are planning on using kerneld to automatically load the
- module for you, then you need to edit /etc/conf.modules and add the
- following lines:
- options ixj dspio=0x340 xio=0x330 ixjdebug=0
- If you do this, then when you execute an application that uses the
- module kerneld will load the module for you. Note that to do this,
- you need to have your kernel set to support kerneld. You can check
- for this by looking at /usr/src/linux/.config and you should see this:
- # Loadable module support
- #
- <snip>
- CONFIG_KMOD=y
- h. if you want non-root users to be able to read and write to the
- ixj devices (this is a good idea!) you should do the following:
- - decide upon a group name to use and create that group if
- needed. Add the user names to that group that you wish to
- have access to the device. For example, we typically will
- create a group named "ixj" in /etc/group and add all users
- to that group that we want to run software that can use the
- ixjX devices.
- - change the permissions on the device files, like this:
-
- chgrp ixj /dev/ixj*
- chmod 660 /dev/ixj*
-
- Once this is done, then non-root users should be able to use the
- devices. If you have enabled autoloading of modules, then the user
- should be able to open the device and have the module loaded
- automatically for them.
- 4.0 Driver Installation problems.
- We have tested these drivers on the 2.2.9, 2.2.10, 2.2.12, and 2.2.13 kernels
- and in all cases have eventually been able to get the drivers to load and
- run. We have found four types of problems that prevent this from happening.
- The problems and solutions are:
- a. A step was missed in the installation. Go back and use section 3
- as a checklist. Many people miss running the ixj_dev_create script and thus
- never load the device names into the filesystem.
- b. The kernel is inconsistently linked. We have found this problem in
- the Out Of the Box installation of several distributions. The symptoms
- are that neither driver will load, and that the unknown symbols include "jiffy"
- and "kmalloc". The solution is to recompile both the kernel and the
- modules. The command string for the final compile looks like this:
- In the kernel directory:
- 1. cp .config /tmp
- 2. make mrproper
- 3. cp /tmp/.config .
- 4. make dep;make clean;make bzImage;make modules;make modules_install
- This rebuilds both the kernel and all the modules and makes sure they all
- have the same linkages. This generally solves the problem once the new
- kernel is installed and the system rebooted.
- c. The kernel has been patched, then unpatched. This happens when
- someone decides to use an earlier kernel after they load a later kernel.
- The symptoms are proceeding through all three above steps and still not
- being able to load the driver. What has happened is that the generated
- header files are out of sync with the kernel itself. The solution is
- to recompile (again) using "make mrproper". This will remove and then
- regenerate all the necessary header files. Once this is done, then you
- need to install and reboot the kernel. We have not seen any problem
- loading one of our drivers after this treatment.
- 5.0 Known Limitations
- We cannot currently play "dial-tone" and listen for DTMF digits at the
- same time using the ISA PhoneJACK. This is a bug in the 8020 DSP chip
- used on that product. All other Quicknet products function normally
- in this regard. We have a work-around, but it's not done yet. Until
- then, if you want dial-tone, you can always play a recorded dial-tone
- sound into the audio until you have gathered the DTMF digits.