pm.txt
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- Linux Power Management Support
- This document briefly describes how to use power management with your
- Linux system and how to add power management support to Linux drivers.
- APM or ACPI?
- ------------
- If you have a relatively recent x86 mobile, desktop, or server system,
- odds are it supports either Advanced Power Management (APM) or
- Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI). ACPI is the newer
- of the two technologies and puts power management in the hands of the
- operating system, allowing for more intelligent power management than
- is possible with BIOS controlled APM.
- The best way to determine which, if either, your system supports is to
- build a kernel with both ACPI and APM enabled (as of 2.3.x ACPI is
- enabled by default). If a working ACPI implementation is found, the
- ACPI driver will override and disable APM, otherwise the APM driver
- will be used.
- No sorry, you can not have both ACPI and APM enabled and running at
- once. Some people with broken ACPI or broken APM implementations
- would like to use both to get a full set of working features, but you
- simply can not mix and match the two. Only one power management
- interface can be in control of the machine at once. Think about it..
- User-space Daemons
- ------------------
- Both APM and ACPI rely on user-space daemons, apmd and acpid
- respectively, to be completely functional. Obtain both of these
- daemons from your Linux distribution or from the Internet (see below)
- and be sure that they are started sometime in the system boot process.
- Go ahead and start both. If ACPI or APM is not available on your
- system the associated daemon will exit gracefully.
- apmd: http://worldvisions.ca/~apenwarr/apmd/
- acpid: http://acpid.sf.net/
- Driver Interface
- ----------------
- If you are writing a new driver or maintaining an old driver, it
- should include power management support. Without power management
- support, a single driver may prevent a system with power management
- capabilities from ever being able to suspend (safely).
- Overview:
- 1) Register each instance of a device with "pm_register"
- 2) Call "pm_access" before accessing the hardware.
- (this will ensure that the hardware is awake and ready)
- 3) Your "pm_callback" is called before going into a
- suspend state (ACPI D1-D3) or after resuming (ACPI D0)
- from a suspend.
- 4) Call "pm_dev_idle" when the device is not being used
- (optional but will improve device idle detection)
- 5) When unloaded, unregister the device with "pm_unregister"
- /*
- * Description: Register a device with the power-management subsystem
- *
- * Parameters:
- * type - device type (PCI device, system device, ...)
- * id - instance number or unique identifier
- * cback - request handler callback (suspend, resume, ...)
- *
- * Returns: Registered PM device or NULL on error
- *
- * Examples:
- * dev = pm_register(PM_SYS_DEV, PM_SYS_VGA, vga_callback);
- *
- * struct pci_dev *pci_dev = pci_find_dev(...);
- * dev = pm_register(PM_PCI_DEV, PM_PCI_ID(pci_dev), callback);
- */
- struct pm_dev *pm_register(pm_dev_t type, unsigned long id, pm_callback cback);
- /*
- * Description: Unregister a device with the power management subsystem
- *
- * Parameters:
- * dev - PM device previously returned from pm_register
- */
- void pm_unregister(struct pm_dev *dev);
- /*
- * Description: Unregister all devices with a matching callback function
- *
- * Parameters:
- * cback - previously registered request callback
- *
- * Notes: Provided for easier porting from old APM interface
- */
- void pm_unregister_all(pm_callback cback);
- /*
- * Device idle/use detection
- *
- * In general, drivers for all devices should call "pm_access"
- * before accessing the hardware (ie. before reading or modifying
- * a hardware register). Request or packet-driven drivers should
- * additionally call "pm_dev_idle" when a device is not being used.
- *
- * Examples:
- * 1) A keyboard driver would call pm_access whenever a key is pressed
- * 2) A network driver would call pm_access before submitting
- * a packet for transmit or receive and pm_dev_idle when its
- * transfer and receive queues are empty.
- * 3) A VGA driver would call pm_access before it accesses any
- * of the video controller registers
- *
- * Ultimately, the PM policy manager uses the access and idle
- * information to decide when to suspend individual devices
- * or when to suspend the entire system
- */
- /*
- * Description: Update device access time and wake up device, if necessary
- *
- * Parameters:
- * dev - PM device previously returned from pm_register
- *
- * Details: If called from an interrupt handler pm_access updates
- * access time but should never need to wake up the device
- * (if device is generating interrupts, it should be awake
- * already) This is important as we can not wake up
- * devices from an interrupt handler.
- */
- void pm_access(struct pm_dev *dev);
- /*
- * Description: Identify device as currently being idle
- *
- * Parameters:
- * dev - PM device previously returned from pm_register
- *
- * Details: A call to pm_dev_idle might signal to the policy manager
- * to put a device to sleep. If a new device request arrives
- * between the call to pm_dev_idle and the pm_callback
- * callback, the driver should fail the pm_callback request.
- */
- void pm_dev_idle(struct pm_dev *dev);
- /*
- * Power management request callback
- *
- * Parameters:
- * dev - PM device previously returned from pm_register
- * rqst - request type
- * data - data, if any, associated with the request
- *
- * Returns: 0 if the request is successful
- * EINVAL if the request is not supported
- * EBUSY if the device is now busy and can not handle the request
- * ENOMEM if the device was unable to handle the request due to memory
- *
- * Details: The device request callback will be called before the
- * device/system enters a suspend state (ACPI D1-D3) or
- * or after the device/system resumes from suspend (ACPI D0).
- * For PM_SUSPEND, the ACPI D-state being entered is passed
- * as the "data" argument to the callback. The device
- * driver should save (PM_SUSPEND) or restore (PM_RESUME)
- * device context when the request callback is called.
- *
- * Once a driver returns 0 (success) from a suspend
- * request, it should not process any further requests or
- * access the device hardware until a call to "pm_access" is made.
- */
- typedef int (*pm_callback)(struct pm_dev *dev, pm_request_t rqst, void *data);
- Driver Details
- --------------
- This is just a quick Q&A as a stopgap until a real driver writers'
- power management guide is available.
- Q: When is a device suspended?
- Devices can be suspended based on direct user request (eg. laptop lid
- closes), system power policy (eg. sleep after 30 minutes of console
- inactivity), or device power policy (eg. power down device after 5
- minutes of inactivity)
- Q: Must a driver honor a suspend request?
- No, a driver can return -EBUSY from a suspend request and this
- will stop the system from suspending. When a suspend request
- fails, all suspended devices are resumed and the system continues
- to run. Suspend can be retried at a later time.
- Q: Can the driver block suspend/resume requests?
- Yes, a driver can delay its return from a suspend or resume
- request until the device is ready to handle requests. It
- is advantageous to return as quickly as possible from a
- request as suspend/resume are done serially.
- Q: What context is a suspend/resume initiated from?
- A suspend or resume is initiated from a kernel thread context.
- It is safe to block, allocate memory, initiate requests
- or anything else you can do within the kernel.
- Q: Will requests continue to arrive after a suspend?
- Possibly. It is the driver's responsibility to queue(*),
- fail, or drop any requests that arrive after returning
- success to a suspend request. It is important that the
- driver not access its device until after it receives
- a resume request as the device's bus may no longer
- be active.
- (*) If a driver queues requests for processing after
- resume be aware that the device, network, etc.
- might be in a different state than at suspend time.
- It's probably better to drop requests unless
- the driver is a storage device.
- Q: Do I have to manage bus-specific power management registers
- No. It is the responsibility of the bus driver to manage
- PCI, USB, etc. power management registers. The bus driver
- or the power management subsystem will also enable any
- wake-on functionality that the device has.
- Q: So, really, what do I need to do to support suspend/resume?
- You need to save any device context that would
- be lost if the device was powered off and then restore
- it at resume time. When ACPI is active, there are
- three levels of device suspend states; D1, D2, and D3.
- (The suspend state is passed as the "data" argument
- to the device callback.) With D3, the device is powered
- off and loses all context, D1 and D2 are shallower power
- states and require less device context to be saved. To
- play it safe, just save everything at suspend and restore
- everything at resume.
- Q: Where do I store device context for suspend?
- Anywhere in memory, kmalloc a buffer or store it
- in the device descriptor. You are guaranteed that the
- contents of memory will be restored and accessible
- before resume, even when the system suspends to disk.
- Q: What do I need to do for ACPI vs. APM vs. etc?
- Drivers need not be aware of the specific power management
- technology that is active. They just need to be aware
- of when the overlying power management system requests
- that they suspend or resume.
- Q: What about device dependencies?
- When a driver registers a device, the power management
- subsystem uses the information provided to build a
- tree of device dependencies (eg. USB device X is on
- USB controller Y which is on PCI bus Z) When power
- management wants to suspend a device, it first sends
- a suspend request to its driver, then the bus driver,
- and so on up to the system bus. Device resumes
- proceed in the opposite direction.
- Q: Who do I contact for additional information about
- enabling power management for my specific driver/device?
- ACPI Development mailing list: acpi-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
- System Interface
- ----------------
- If you are providing new power management support to Linux (ie.
- adding support for something like APM or ACPI), you should
- communicate with drivers through the existing generic power
- management interface.
- /*
- * Send a request to a single device
- *
- * Parameters:
- * dev - PM device previously returned from pm_register or pm_find
- * rqst - request type
- * data - data, if any, associated with the request
- *
- * Returns: 0 if the request is successful
- * See "pm_callback" return for errors
- *
- * Details: Forward request to device callback and, if a suspend
- * or resume request, update the pm_dev "state" field
- * appropriately
- */
- int pm_send(struct pm_dev *dev, pm_request_t rqst, void *data);
- /*
- * Send a request to all devices
- *
- * Parameters:
- * rqst - request type
- * data - data, if any, associated with the request
- *
- * Returns: 0 if the request is successful
- * See "pm_callback" return for errors
- *
- * Details: Walk list of registered devices and call pm_send
- * for each until complete or an error is encountered.
- * If an error is encountered for a suspend request,
- * return all devices to the state they were in before
- * the suspend request.
- */
- int pm_send_all(pm_request_t rqst, void *data);
- /*
- * Find a matching device
- *
- * Parameters:
- * type - device type (PCI device, system device, or 0 to match all devices)
- * from - previous match or NULL to start from the beginning
- *
- * Returns: Matching device or NULL if none found
- */
- struct pm_dev *pm_find(pm_dev_t type, struct pm_dev *from);