README.modules
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- Building a modular sound driver
- ================================
- The following information is current as of linux-2.1.85. Check the other
- readme files, especially README.OSS, for information not specific to
- making sound modular.
- First, configure your kernel. This is an idea of what you should be
- setting in the sound section:
- <M> Sound card support
- <M> 100% Sound Blaster compatibles (SB16/32/64, ESS, Jazz16) support
- I have SoundBlaster. Select your card from the list.
- <M> Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support
- <M> FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support
- If you don't set these, you will probably find you can play .wav files
- but not .midi. As the help for them says, set them unless you know your
- card does not use one of these chips for FM support.
- Once you are configured, make zlilo, modules, modules_install; reboot.
- Note that it is no longer necessary or possible to configure sound in the
- drivers/sound dir. Now one simply configures and makes one's kernel and
- modules in the usual way.
- Then, add to your /etc/modules.conf something like:
- alias char-major-14 sb
- post-install sb /sbin/modprobe "-k" "adlib_card"
- options sb io=0x220 irq=7 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330
- options adlib_card io=0x388 # FM synthesizer
- Alternatively, if you have compiled in kernel level ISAPnP support:
- alias char-major-14 sb
- post-install sb /sbin/modprobe "-k" "adlib_card"
- options adlib_card io=0x388
- The effect of this is that the sound driver and all necessary bits and
- pieces autoload on demand, assuming you use kerneld (a sound choice) and
- autoclean when not in use. Also, options for the device drivers are
- set. They will not work without them. Change as appropriate for your card.
- If you are not yet using the very cool kerneld, you will have to "modprobe
- -k sb" yourself to get things going. Eventually things may be fixed so
- that this kludgery is not necessary; for the time being, it seems to work
- well.
- Replace 'sb' with the driver for your card, and give it the right
- options. To find the filename of the driver, look in
- /lib/modules/<kernel-version>/misc. Mine looks like:
- adlib_card.o # This is the generic OPLx driver
- opl3.o # The OPL3 driver
- sb.o # <<The SoundBlaster driver. Yours may differ.>>
- sound.o # The sound driver
- uart401.o # Used by sb, maybe other cards
- Whichever card you have, try feeding it the options that would be the
- default if you were making the driver wired, not as modules. You can look
- at the init_module() code for the card to see what args are expected.
- Note that at present there is no way to configure the io, irq and other
- parameters for the modular drivers as one does for the wired drivers.. One
- needs to pass the modules the necessary parameters as arguments, either
- with /etc/modules.conf or with command-line args to modprobe, e.g.
- modprobe -k sb io=0x220 irq=7 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330
- modprobe -k adlib_card io=0x388
- recommend using /etc/modules.conf.
- Persistent DMA Buffers:
- The sound modules normally allocate DMA buffers during open() and
- deallocate them during close(). Linux can often have problems allocating
- DMA buffers for ISA cards on machines with more than 16MB RAM. This is
- because ISA DMA buffers must exist below the 16MB boundary and it is quite
- possible that we can't find a large enough free block in this region after
- the machine has been running for any amount of time. The way to avoid this
- problem is to allocate the DMA buffers during module load and deallocate
- them when the module is unloaded. For this to be effective we need to load
- the sound modules right after the kernel boots, either manually or by an
- init script, and keep them around until we shut down. This is a little
- wasteful of RAM, but it guarantees that sound always works.
- To make the sound driver use persistent DMA buffers we need to pass the
- sound.o module a "dmabuf=1" command-line argument. This is normally done
- in /etc/modules.conf like so:
- options sound dmabuf=1
- If you have 16MB or less RAM or a PCI sound card, this is wasteful and
- unnecessary. It is possible that machine with 16MB or less RAM will find
- this option useful, but if your machine is so memory-starved that it
- cannot find a 64K block free, you will be wasting even more RAM by keeping
- the sound modules loaded and the DMA buffers allocated when they are not
- needed. The proper solution is to upgrade your RAM. But you do also have
- this improper solution as well. Use it wisely.
- I'm afraid I know nothing about anything but my setup, being more of a
- text-mode guy anyway. If you have options for other cards or other helpful
- hints, send them to me, Jim Bray, jb@as220.org, http://as220.org/jb.