ff.txt
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- Force feedback for Linux.
- By Johann Deneux <deneux@ifrance.com> on 2001/04/22.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 0. Introduction
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- This document describes how to use force feedback devices under Linux. The
- goal is not to support these devices as if they were simple input-only devices
- (as it is already the case), but to really enable the rendering of force
- effects.
- At the moment, only I-Force devices are supported, and not officially. That
- means I had to find out how the protocol works on my own. Of course, the
- information I managed to grasp is far from being complete, and I can not
- guarranty that this driver will work for you.
- This document only describes the force feedback part of the driver for I-Force
- devices. Please read joystick.txt before reading further this document.
- 2. Instructions to the user
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Here are instructions on how to compile and use the driver. In fact, this
- driver is the normal iforce.o, input.o and evdev.o drivers written by Vojtech
- Pavlik, plus additions to support force feedback.
- Before you start, let me WARN you that some devices shake violently during the
- initialisation phase. This happens for example with my "AVB Top Shot Pegasus".
- To stop this annoying behaviour, move you joystick to its limits. Anyway, you
- should keep a hand on your device, in order to avoid it to brake down if
- something goes wrong.
- At the kernel's compilation:
- - Enable IForce/Serial
- - Enable Event interface
- Compile the modules, install them.
- You also need inputattach.
- You then need to insert the modules into the following order:
- % modprobe joydev
- % modprobe serport
- % modprobe iforce
- % modprobe evdev
- % ./inputattach -ifor $2 & # Only for serial
- For convenience, you may use the shell script named "ff" available from
- the cvs tree of the Linux Console Project at sourceforge. You can also
- retrieve it from http://www.esil.univ-mrs.fr/~jdeneux/projects/ff/.
- If you are using USB, you don't need the inputattach step.
- Please check that you have all the /dev/input entries needed:
- cd /dev
- rm js*
- mkdir input
- mknod input/js0 c 13 0
- mknod input/js1 c 13 1
- mknod input/js2 c 13 2
- mknod input/js3 c 13 3
- ln -s input/js0 js0
- ln -s input/js1 js1
- ln -s input/js2 js2
- ln -s input/js3 js3
- mknod input/event0 c 13 64
- mknod input/event1 c 13 65
- mknod input/event2 c 13 66
- mknod input/event3 c 13 67
- 2.1 Does it work ?
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- There is an utility called fftest that will allow you to test the driver.
- % fftest /dev/eventXX
- 3. Instructions to the developper
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- All interactions are done using the event API. That is, you can use ioctl()
- and write() on /dev/input/eventXX.
- This information is subject to change.
- 3.1 Querying device capabilities
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- #include <linux/input.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, unsigned long *features);
- "request" must be EVIOCGBIT(EV_FF, sizeof(unsigned long))
- Returns the features supported by the device. features is a bitfield with the
- following bits:
- - FF_X has an X axis (should allways be the case)
- - FF_Y has an Y axis (usually not the case for wheels)
- - FF_CONSTANT can render constant force effects
- - FF_PERIODIC can render periodic effects (sine, ramp, square...)
- - FF_SPRING can simulate the presence of a spring
- - FF_FRICTION can simulate friction (aka drag, damper effect...)
- - FF_RUMBLE rumble effects (normally the only effect supported by rumble
- pads)
- - 8 bits from FF_N_EFFECTS_0 containing the number of effects that can be
- simultaneously played.
- 3.2 Uploading effects to the device
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- #include <linux/input.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
-
- int ioctl(int file_descriptor, int request, struct ff_effect *effect);
- "request" must be EVIOCSFF.
- "effect" points to a structure describing the effect to upload. The effect is
- uploaded, but not played.
- The content of effect may be modified. In particular, its field "id" is set
- to the unique id assigned by the driver. This data is required for performing
- some operations (removing an effect, controlling the playback).
- See <linux/input.h> for a description of the ff_effect stuct.
- 3.3 Removing an effect from the device
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- int ioctl(int fd, EVIOCRMFF, effect.id);
- This makes room for new effects in the device's memory. Please note this won't
- stop the effect if it was playing.
- 3.4 Controlling the playback of effects
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Control of playing is done with write(). Below is an example:
- #include <linux/input.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- struct input_event play;
- struct input_event stop;
- struct ff_effect effect;
- int fd;
- ...
- fd = open("/dev/input/eventXX", O_RDWR);
- ...
- /* Play three times */
- play.type = EV_FF;
- play.code = effect.id;
- play.value = 3;
-
- write(fd, (const void*) &play, sizeof(play));
- ...
- /* Stop an effect */
- stop.type = EV_FF;
- stop.code = effect.id;
- stop.value = 0;
-
- write(fd, (const void*) &play, sizeof(stop));
- 3.5 Setting the gain
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Not all devices have the same strength. Therefore, users should set a gain
- factor depending on how strong they want effects to be. This setting is
- persistent accross access to the driver, so you should not care about it if
- you are writing games, as another utility probably already set this for you.
- /* Set the gain of the device
- int gain; /* between 0 and 100 */
- struct input_event ie; /* structure used to communicate with the driver */
- ie.type = EV_FF;
- ie.code = FF_GAIN;
- ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * gain / 100;
- if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
- perror("set gain");
- 3.6 Enabling/Disabling autocenter
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- The autocenter feature quite disturbs the rendering of effects in my opinion,
- and I think it should be an effect, which computation depends on the game
- type. But you can enable it if you want.
- int autocenter; /* between 0 and 100 */
- struct input_event ie;
- ie.type = EV_FF;
- ie.code = FF_AUTOCENTER;
- ie.value = 0xFFFFUL * autocenter / 100;
- if (write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie)) == -1)
- perror("set auto-center");
- A value of 0 means "no auto-center".
- 3.7 Dynamic update of an effect
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- This consists in changing some parameters of an effect while it's playing. The
- driver currently does not support that. You still have the brute-force method,
- which consists in erasing the effect and uploading the updated version. It
- actually works pretty well. You don't need to stop-and-start the effect.