hotplug.txt
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- LINUX HOTPLUGGING
- In hotpluggable busses like USB (and Cardbus PCI), end-users plug devices
- into the bus with power on. In most cases, users expect the devices to become
- immediately usable. That means the system must do many things, including:
- - Find a driver that can handle the device. That may involve
- loading a kernel module; newer drivers can use modutils to
- publish their device (and class) support to user utilities.
- - Bind a driver to that device. Bus frameworks do that using a
- device driver's probe() routine.
-
- - Tell other subsystems to configure the new device. Print
- queues may need to be enabled, networks brought up, disk
- partitions mounted, and so on. In some cases these will
- be driver-specific actions.
- This involves a mix of kernel mode and user mode actions. Making devices
- be immediately usable means that any user mode actions can't wait for an
- administrator to do them: the kernel must trigger them, either passively
- (triggering some monitoring daemon to invoke a helper program) or
- actively (calling such a user mode helper program directly).
- Those triggered actions must support a system's administrative policies;
- such programs are called "policy agents" here. Typically they involve
- shell scripts that dispatch to more familiar administration tools.
- Because some of those actions rely on information about drivers (metadata)
- that is currently available only when the drivers are dynamically linked,
- you get the best hotplugging when you configure a highly modular system.
- KERNEL HOTPLUG HELPER (/sbin/hotplug)
- When you compile with CONFIG_HOTPLUG, you get a new kernel parameter:
- /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug, which normally holds the pathname "/sbin/hotplug".
- That parameter names a program which the kernel may invoke at various times.
- The /sbin/hotplug program can be invoked by any subsystem as part of its
- reaction to a configuration change, from a thread in that subsystem.
- Only one parameter is required: the name of a subsystem being notified of
- some kernel event. That name is used as the first key for further event
- dispatch; any other argument and environment parameters are specified by
- the subsystem making that invocation.
- Hotplug software and other resources is available at:
- http://linux-hotplug.sourceforge.net
- Mailing list information is also available at that site.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------
- USB POLICY AGENT
- The USB subsystem currently invokes /sbin/hotplug when USB devices
- are added or removed from system. The invocation is done by the kernel
- hub daemon thread [khubd], or else as part of root hub initialization
- (done by init, modprobe, kapmd, etc). Its single command line parameter
- is the string "usb", and it passes these environment variables:
- ACTION ... "add", "remove"
- PRODUCT ... USB vendor, product, and version codes (hex)
- TYPE ... device class codes (decimal)
- INTERFACE ... interface 0 class codes (decimal)
- If "usbdevfs" is configured, DEVICE and DEVFS are also passed. DEVICE is
- the pathname of the device, and is useful for devices with multiple and/or
- alternate interfaces that complicate driver selection. By design, USB
- hotplugging is independent of "usbdevfs": you can do most essential parts
- of USB device setup without using that filesystem, and without running a
- user mode daemon to detect changes in system configuration.
- Currently available policy agent implementations can load drivers for
- modules, and can invoke driver-specific setup scripts. The newest ones
- leverage USB modutils support. Later agents might unload drivers.
- USB MODUTILS SUPPORT
- Current versions of modutils will create a "modules.usbmap" file which
- contains the entries from each driver's MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE. Such files
- can be used by various user mode policy agents to make sure all the right
- driver modules get loaded, either at boot time or later.
- See <linux/usb.h> for full information about such table entries; or look
- at existing drivers. Each table entry describes one or more criteria to
- be used when matching a driver to a device or class of devices. The
- specific criteria are identified by bits set in "match_flags", paired
- with field values. You can construct the criteria directly, or with
- macros such as these, and use driver_info to store more information.
- USB_DEVICE (vendorId, productId)
- ... matching devices with specified vendor and product ids
- USB_DEVICE_VER (vendorId, productId, lo, hi)
- ... like USB_DEVICE with lo <= productversion <= hi
- USB_INTERFACE_INFO (class, subclass, protocol)
- ... matching specified interface class info
- USB_DEVICE_INFO (class, subclass, protocol)
- ... matching specified device class info
- A short example, for a driver that supports several specific USB devices
- and their quirks, might have a MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE like this:
- static const struct usb_device_id mydriver_id_table = {
- { USB_DEVICE (0x9999, 0xaaaa), driver_info: QUIRK_X },
- { USB_DEVICE (0xbbbb, 0x8888), driver_info: QUIRK_Y|QUIRK_Z },
- ...
- { } /* end with an all-zeroes entry */
- }
- MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE (usb, mydriver_id_table);
- Most USB device drivers should pass these tables to the USB subsystem as
- well as to the module management subsystem. Not all, though: some driver
- frameworks connect using interfaces layered over USB, and so they won't
- need such a "struct usb_driver".
- Drivers that connect directly to the USB subsystem should be declared
- something like this:
- static struct usb_driver mydriver = {
- name: "mydriver",
- id_table: mydriver_id_table,
- probe: my_probe,
- disconnect: my_disconnect,
- /*
- if using the usb chardev framework:
- minor: MY_USB_MINOR_START,
- fops: my_file_ops,
- if exposing any operations through usbdevfs:
- ioctl: my_ioctl,
- */
- }
- When the USB subsystem knows about a driver's device ID table, it's used when
- choosing drivers to probe(). The thread doing new device processing checks
- drivers' device ID entries from the MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE against interface and
- device descriptors for the device. It will only call probe() if there is a
- match, and the third argument to probe() will be the entry that matched.
- If you don't provide an id_table for your driver, then your driver may get
- probed for each new device; the third parameter to probe() will be null.