stallion.txt
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- Stallion Multiport Serial Driver Readme
- ---------------------------------------
- Copyright (C) 1994-1999, Stallion Technologies (support@stallion.com).
- Version: 5.5.1
- Date: 28MAR99
- 1. INTRODUCTION
- There are two drivers that work with the different families of Stallion
- multiport serial boards. One is for the Stallion smart boards - that is
- EasyIO, EasyConnection 8/32 and EasyConnection 8/64-PCI, the other for
- the true Stallion intelligent multiport boards - EasyConnection 8/64
- (ISA, EISA, MCA), EasyConnection/RA-PCI, ONboard and Brumby.
- If you are using any of the Stallion intelligent multiport boards (Brumby,
- ONboard, EasyConnection 8/64 (ISA, EISA, MCA), EasyConnection/RA-PCI) with
- Linux you will need to get the driver utility package. This package is
- available at most of the Linux archive sites (and on CD-ROMs that contain
- these archives). The file will be called stallion-X.X.X.tar.gz where X.X.X
- will be the version number. In particular this package contains the board
- embedded executable images that are required for these boards. It also
- contains the downloader program. These boards cannot be used without this.
- The Stallion Technologies ftp site, ftp.stallion.com, will always have
- the latest version of the driver utility package. Other sites that usually
- have the latest version are tsx-11.mit.edu, sunsite.unc.edu and their
- mirrors.
- ftp.stallion.com:/drivers/ata5/Linux/v550.tar.gz
- tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/packages/stallion/stallion-5.5.0.tar.gz
- sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel/patches/serial/stallion-5.5.0.tar.gz
- As of the printing of this document the latest version of the driver
- utility package is 5.5.0. If a later version is now available then you
- should use the latest version.
- If you are using the EasyIO, EasyConnection 8/32 or EasyConnection 8/64-PCI
- boards then you don't need this package. Although it does have a handy
- script to create the /dev device nodes for these boards, and a serial stats
- display program.
- If you require DIP switch settings, EISA or MCA configuration files, or any
- other information related to Stallion boards then have a look at Stallion's
- web pages at http://www.stallion.com.
- 2. INSTALLATION
- The drivers can be used as loadable modules or compiled into the kernel.
- You can choose which when doing a "config" on the kernel.
- All ISA, EISA and MCA boards that you want to use need to be configured into
- the driver(s). All PCI boards will be automatically detected when you load
- the driver - so they do not need to be entered into the driver(s)
- configuration structure. Note that kernel PCI support is required to use PCI
- boards.
- There are two methods of configuring ISA, EISA and MCA boards into the drivers.
- If using the driver as a loadable module then the simplest method is to pass
- the driver configuration as module arguments. The other method is to modify
- the driver source to add configuration lines for each board in use.
- If you have pre-built Stallion driver modules then the module argument
- configuration method should be used. A lot of Linux distributions come with
- pre-built driver modules in /lib/modules/X.Y.Z/misc for the kernel in use.
- That makes things pretty simple to get going.
- 2.1 MODULE DRIVER CONFIGURATION:
- The simplest configuration for modules is to use the module load arguments
- to configure any ISA, EISA or MCA boards. PCI boards are automatically
- detected, so do not need any additional configuration at all.
- If using EasyIO, EasyConnection 8/32 ISA or MCA, or EasyConnection 8/63-PCI
- boards then use the "stallion" driver module, Otherwise if you are using
- an EasyConnection 8/64 ISA, EISA or MCA, EasyConnection/RA-PCI, ONboard,
- Brumby or original Stallion board then use the "istallion" driver module.
- Typically to load up the smart board driver use:
- insmod stallion.o
- This will load the EasyIO and EasyConnection 8/32 driver. It will output a
- message to say that it loaded and print the driver version number. It will
- also print out whether it found the configured boards or not. These messages
- may not appear on the console, but typically are always logged to
- /var/adm/messages or /var/log/syslog files - depending on how the klogd and
- syslogd daemons are setup on your system.
- To load the intelligent board driver use:
- insmod istallion.o
- It will output similar messages to the smart board driver.
- If not using an auto-detectable board type (that is a PCI board) then you
- will also need to supply command line arguments to the "insmod" command
- when loading the driver. The general form of the configuration argument is
- board?=<name>[,<ioaddr>[,<addr>][,<irq>]]
- where:
- board? -- specifies the arbitrary board number of this board,
- can be in the range 0 to 3.
- name -- textual name of this board. The board name is the comman
- board name, or any "shortened" version of that. The board
- type number may also be used here.
- ioaddr -- specifies the I/O address of this board. This argument is
- optional, but should generally be specified.
- addr -- optional second address argument. Some board types require
- a second I/O address, some require a memory address. The
- exact meaning of this argument depends on the board type.
- irq -- optional IRQ line used by this board.
- Up to 4 board configuration arguments can be specified on the load line.
- Here is some examples:
- insmod stallion.o board0=easyio,0x2a0,5
- This configures an EasyIO board as board 0 at I/O address 0x2a0 and IRQ 5.
- insmod istallion.o board3=ec8/64,0x2c0,0xcc000
- This configures an EasyConnection 8/64 ISA as board 3 at I/O address 0x2c0 at
- memory address 0xcc000.
- insmod stallion.o board1=ec8/32-at,0x2a0,0x280,10
- This configures an EasyConnection 8/32 ISA board at primary I/O address 0x2a0,
- secondary address 0x280 and IRQ 10.
- You will probably want to enter this module load and configuration information
- into your system startup scripts so that the drivers are loaded and configured
- on each system boot. Typically the start up script would be something line
- /etc/rc.d/rc.modules.
- 2.2 STATIC DRIVER CONFIGURATION:
- For static driver configuration you need to modify the driver source code.
- Entering ISA, EISA and MCA boards into the driver(s) configuration structure
- involves editing the driver(s) source file. It's pretty easy if you follow
- the instructions below. Both drivers can support up to 4 boards. The smart
- card driver (the stallion.c driver) supports any combination of EasyIO and
- EasyConnection 8/32 boards (up to a total of 4). The intelligent driver
- supports any combination of ONboards, Brumbys, Stallions and EasyConnection
- 8/64 (ISA and EISA) boards (up to a total of 4).
- To set up the driver(s) for the boards that you want to use you need to
- edit the appropriate driver file and add configuration entries.
- If using EasyIO or EasyConnection 8/32 ISA or MCA boards, do:
- vi /usr/src/linux/drivers/char/stallion.c
- - find the definition of the stl_brdconf array (of structures)
- near the top of the file
- - modify this to match the boards you are going to install
- (the comments before this structure should help)
- - save and exit
- If using ONboard, Brumby, Stallion or EasyConnection 8/64 (ISA or EISA)
- boards then do:
- vi /usr/src/linux/drivers/char/istallion.c
- - find the definition of the stli_brdconf array (of structures)
- near the top of the file
- - modify this to match the boards you are going to install
- (the comments before this structure should help)
- - save and exit
- Once you have set up the board configurations then you are ready to build
- the kernel or modules.
- When the new kernel is booted, or the loadable module loaded then the
- driver will emit some kernel trace messages about whether the configured
- boards were detected or not. Depending on how your system logger is set
- up these may come out on the console, or just be logged to
- /var/adm/messages or /var/log/syslog. You should check the messages to
- confirm that all is well.
- 2.3 SHARING INTERRUPTS
- It is possible to share interrupts between multiple EasyIO and
- EasyConnection 8/32 boards in an EISA system. To do this you must be using
- static driver configuration, modifying the driver source code to add driver
- configuration. Then a couple of extra things are required:
- 1. When entering the board resources into the stallion.c file you need to
- mark the boards as using level triggered interrupts. Do this by replacing
- the "0" entry at field position 6 (the last field) in the board
- configuration structure with a "1". (This is the structure that defines
- the board type, I/O locations, etc. for each board). All boards that are
- sharing an interrupt must be set this way, and each board should have the
- same interrupt number specified here as well. Now build the module or
- kernel as you would normally.
- 2. When physically installing the boards into the system you must enter
- the system EISA configuration utility. You will need to install the EISA
- configuration files for *all* the EasyIO and EasyConnection 8/32 boards
- that are sharing interrupts. The Stallion EasyIO and EasyConnection 8/32
- EISA configuration files required are supplied by Stallion Technologies
- on the EASY Utilities floppy diskette (usually supplied in the box with
- the board when purchased. If not, you can pick it up from Stallion's FTP
- site, ftp.stallion.com). You will need to edit the board resources to
- choose level triggered interrupts, and make sure to set each board's
- interrupt to the same IRQ number.
- You must complete both the above steps for this to work. When you reboot
- or load the driver your EasyIO and EasyConnection 8/32 boards will be
- sharing interrupts.
- 2.4 USING HIGH SHARED MEMORY
- The EasyConnection 8/64-EI, ONboard and Stallion boards are capable of
- using shared memory addresses above the usual 640K - 1Mb range. The ONboard
- ISA and the Stallion boards can be programmed to use memory addresses up to
- 16Mb (the ISA bus addressing limit), and the EasyConnection 8/64-EI and
- ONboard/E can be programmed for memory addresses up to 4Gb (the EISA bus
- addressing limit).
- The higher than 1Mb memory addresses are fully supported by this driver.
- Just enter the address as you normally would for a lower than 1Mb address
- (in the driver's board configuration structure).
- 2.5 TROUBLE SHOOTING
- If a board is not found by the driver but is actually in the system then the
- most likely problem is that the I/O address is wrong. Change the module load
- argument for the loadable module form. Or change it in the driver stallion.c
- or istallion.c configuration structure and rebuild the kernel or modules, or
- change it on the board.
- On EasyIO and EasyConnection 8/32 boards the IRQ is software programmable, so
- if there is a conflict you may need to change the IRQ used for a board. There
- are no interrupts to worry about for ONboard, Brumby or EasyConnection 8/64
- (ISA, EISA and MCA) boards. The memory region on EasyConnection 8/64 and
- ONboard boards is software programmable, but not on the Brumby boards.
- 3. USING THE DRIVERS
- 3.1 INTELLIGENT DRIVER OPERATION
- The intelligent boards also need to have their "firmware" code downloaded
- to them. This is done via a user level application supplied in the driver
- utility package called "stlload". Compile this program wherever you dropped
- the package files, by typing "make". In its simplest form you can then type
- ./stlload -i cdk.sys
- in this directory and that will download board 0 (assuming board 0 is an
- EasyConnection 8/64 or EasyConnection/RA board). To download to an
- ONboard, Brumby or Stallion do:
- ./stlload -i 2681.sys
- Normally you would want all boards to be downloaded as part of the standard
- system startup. To achieve this, add one of the lines above into the
- /etc/rc.d/rc.S or /etc/rc.d/rc.serial file. To download each board just add
- the "-b <brd-number>" option to the line. You will need to download code for
- every board. You should probably move the stlload program into a system
- directory, such as /usr/sbin. Also, the default location of the cdk.sys image
- file in the stlload down-loader is /usr/lib/stallion. Create that directory
- and put the cdk.sys and 2681.sys files in it. (It's a convenient place to put
- them anyway). As an example your /etc/rc.d/rc.S file might have the
- following lines added to it (if you had 3 boards):
- /usr/sbin/stlload -b 0 -i /usr/lib/stallion/cdk.sys
- /usr/sbin/stlload -b 1 -i /usr/lib/stallion/2681.sys
- /usr/sbin/stlload -b 2 -i /usr/lib/stallion/2681.sys
- The image files cdk.sys and 2681.sys are specific to the board types. The
- cdk.sys will only function correctly on an EasyConnection 8/64 board. Similarly
- the 2681.sys image fill only operate on ONboard, Brumby and Stallion boards.
- If you load the wrong image file into a board it will fail to start up, and
- of course the ports will not be operational!
- If you are using the modularized version of the driver you might want to put
- the insmod calls in the startup script as well (before the download lines
- obviously).
- 3.2 USING THE SERIAL PORTS
- Once the driver is installed you will need to setup some device nodes to
- access the serial ports. The simplest method is to use the stallion utility
- "mkdevnods" script. It will automatically create device entries for Stallion
- boards. This will create the normal serial port devices as /dev/ttyE# where
- # is the port number starting from 0. A bank of 64 minor device numbers is
- allocated to each board, so the first port on the second board is port 64,
- etc. A set of callout type devices is also created. They are created as the
- devices /dev/cue# where # is the same as for the ttyE devices.
- For the most part the Stallion driver tries to emulate the standard PC system
- COM ports and the standard Linux serial driver. The idea is that you should
- be able to use Stallion board ports and COM ports interchangeably without
- modifying anything but the device name. Anything that doesn't work like that
- should be considered a bug in this driver!
- If you look at the driver code you will notice that it is fairly closely
- based on the Linux serial driver (linux/drivers/char/serial.c). This is
- intentional, obviously this is the easiest way to emulate its behavior!
- Since this driver tries to emulate the standard serial ports as much as
- possible, most system utilities should work as they do for the standard
- COM ports. Most importantly "stty" works as expected and "setserial" can
- also be used (excepting the ability to auto-configure the I/O and IRQ
- addresses of boards). Higher baud rates are supported in the usual fashion
- through setserial or using the CBAUDEX extensions. Note that the EasyIO and
- EasyConnection (all types) support at least 57600 and 115200 baud. The newer
- EasyConnection XP modules and new EasyIO boards support 230400 and 460800
- baud as well. The older boards including ONboard and Brumby support a
- maximum baud rate of 38400.
- If you are unfamiliar with how to use serial ports, then get the Serial-HOWTO
- by Greg Hankins. It will explain everything you need to know!
- 4. NOTES
- You can use both drivers at once if you have a mix of board types installed
- in a system. However to do this you will need to change the major numbers
- used by one of the drivers. Currently both drivers use major numbers 24, 25
- and 28 for their devices. Change one driver to use some other major numbers,
- and then modify the mkdevnods script to make device nodes based on those new
- major numbers. For example, you could change the istallion.c driver to use
- major numbers 60, 61 and 62. You will also need to create device nodes with
- different names for the ports, for example ttyF# and cuf#.
- The original Stallion board is no longer supported by Stallion Technologies.
- Although it is known to work with the istallion driver.
- Finding a free physical memory address range can be a problem. The older
- boards like the Stallion and ONboard need large areas (64K or even 128K), so
- they can be very difficult to get into a system. If you have 16 Mb of RAM
- then you have no choice but to put them somewhere in the 640K -> 1Mb range.
- ONboards require 64K, so typically 0xd0000 is good, or 0xe0000 on some
- systems. If you have an original Stallion board, "V4.0" or Rev.O, then you
- need a 64K memory address space, so again 0xd0000 and 0xe0000 are good.
- Older Stallion boards are a much bigger problem. They need 128K of address
- space and must be on a 128K boundary. If you don't have a VGA card then
- 0xc0000 might be usable - there is really no other place you can put them
- below 1Mb.
- Both the ONboard and old Stallion boards can use higher memory addresses as
- well, but you must have less than 16Mb of RAM to be able to use them. Usual
- high memory addresses used include 0xec0000 and 0xf00000.
- The Brumby boards only require 16Kb of address space, so you can usually
- squeeze them in somewhere. Common addresses are 0xc8000, 0xcc000, or in
- the 0xd0000 range. EasyConnection 8/64 boards are even better, they only
- require 4Kb of address space, again usually 0xc8000, 0xcc000 or 0xd0000
- are good.
- If you are using an EasyConnection 8/64-EI or ONboard/E then usually the
- 0xd0000 or 0xe0000 ranges are the best options below 1Mb. If neither of
- them can be used then the high memory support to use the really high address
- ranges is the best option. Typically the 2Gb range is convenient for them,
- and gets them well out of the way.
- The ports of the EasyIO-8M board do not have DCD or DTR signals. So these
- ports cannot be used as real modem devices. Generally, when using these
- ports you should only use the cueX devices.
- The driver utility package contains a couple of very useful programs. One
- is a serial port statistics collection and display program - very handy
- for solving serial port problems. The other is an extended option setting
- program that works with the intelligent boards.
- 5. DISCLAIMER
- The information contained in this document is believed to be accurate and
- reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Stallion Technologies
- Pty. Ltd. for its use, nor any infringements of patents or other rights
- of third parties resulting from its use. Stallion Technologies reserves
- the right to modify the design of its products and will endeavour to change
- the information in manuals and accompanying documentation accordingly.