commands.txt
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- Overview of Kbuild Commands
- 24 January 1999
- Michael Elizabeth Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>
- === Introduction
- Someday we'll get our arms around all this stuff and clean it up
- a little! Meanwhile, this file describes the system as it is today.
- === Quick Start
- If you are building a kernel for the first time, here are the commands
- you need:
- make config
- make dep
- make bzImage
- Instead of 'make config', you can run 'make menuconfig' for a full-screen
- text interface, or 'make xconfig' for an X interface using TCL/TK.
- 'make bzImage' will leave your new kernel image in arch/i386/boot/bzImage.
- You can also use 'make bzdisk' or 'make bzlilo'.
- See the lilo documentation for more information on how to use lilo.
- You can also use the 'loadlin' program to boot Linux from MS-DOS.
- Some computers won't work with 'make bzImage', either due to hardware
- problems or very old versions of lilo or loadlin. If your kernel image
- is small, you may use 'make zImage', 'make zdisk', or 'make zlilo'
- on theses systems.
- If you find a file name 'vmlinux' in the top directory of the source tree,
- just ignore it. This is an intermediate file and you can't boot from it.
- Other architectures: the information above is oriented towards the
- i386. On other architectures, there are no 'bzImage' files; simply
- use 'zImage' or 'vmlinux' as appropriate for your architecture.
- Note: the difference between 'zImage' files and 'bzImage' files is that
- 'bzImage' uses a different layout and a different loading algorithm,
- and thus has a larger capacity. Both files use gzip compression.
- The 'bz' in 'bzImage' stands for 'big zImage', not for 'bzip'!
- === Top Level Makefile targets
- Here are the targets available at the top level:
- make config, make oldconfig, make menuconfig, make xconfig
- Configure the Linux kernel. You must do this before almost
- anything else.
- config line-oriented interface
- oldconfig line-oriented interface, re-uses old values
- menuconfig curses-based full-screen interface
- xconfig X window system interface
- make checkconfig
- This runs a little perl script that checks the source tree for
- missing instances of #include <linux/config.h>. Someone needs to
- do this occasionally, because the C preprocessor will silently give
- bad results if these symbols haven't been included (it treats
- undefined symbols in preprocessor directives as defined to 0).
- Superfluous uses of #include <linux/config.h> are also reported,
- but you can ignore these, because smart CONFIG_* dependencies
- make them harmless.
- You can run 'make checkconfig' without configuring the kernel.
- Also, 'make checkconfig' does not modify any files.
- make checkhelp
- This runs another little perl script that checks the source tree
- for options that are in Config.in files but are not documented
- in scripts/Configure.help. Again, someone needs to do this
- occasionally. If you are adding configuration options, it's
- nice if you do it before you publish your patch!
- You can run 'make checkhelp' without configuring the kernel.
- Also, 'make checkhelp' does not modify any files.
- make dep, make depend
- 'make dep' is a synonym for the long form, 'make depend'.
- This command does two things. First, it computes dependency
- information about which .o files depend on which .h files.
- It records this information in a top-level file named .hdepend
- and in one file per source directory named .depend.
- Second, if you have CONFIG_MODVERSIONS enabled, 'make dep'
- computes symbol version information for all of the files that
- export symbols (note that both resident and modular files may
- export symbols).
- If you do not enable CONFIG_MODVERSIONS, you only have to run
- 'make dep' once, right after the first time you configure
- the kernel. The .hdepend files and the .depend file are
- independent of your configuration.
- If you do enable CONFIG_MODVERSIONS, you must run 'make dep'
- every time you change your configuration, because the module
- symbol version information depends on the configuration.
- [to be continued ...]