config-language.txt
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- Config Language Specification
- 18 October 1999
- Michael Elizabeth Chastain, <mailto:mec@shout.net>
- === Introduction
- Config Language is not 'bash'.
- This document describes Config Language, the Linux Kernel Configuration
- Language. config.in and Config.in files are written in this language.
- Although it looks, and usually acts, like a subset of the 'sh' language,
- Config Language has a restricted syntax and different semantics.
- Here is a basic guideline for Config Language programming: use only the
- programming idioms that you see in existing Config.in files. People often
- draw on their shell programming experience to invent idioms that look
- reasonable to shell programmers, but silently fail in Config Language.
- Config Language is not 'bash'.
- === Interpreters
- Four different configuration programs read Config Language:
- scripts/Configure make config, make oldconfig
- scripts/Menuconfig make menuconfig
- scripts/tkparse make xconfig
- mconfig ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/hch/mconfig/
- 'Configure' is a bash script which interprets Config.in files by sourcing
- them. Some of the Config Language commands are native bash commands;
- simple bash functions implement the rest of the commands.
- 'Menuconfig' is another bash script. It scans the input files with a
- small awk script, builds a shell function for each menu, sources the
- shell functions that it builds, and then executes the shell functions
- in a user-driven order. Menuconfig uses 'lxdialog', a back-end utility
- program, to perform actual screen output. 'lxdialog' is a C program
- which uses curses.
- 'scripts/tkparse' is a C program with an ad hoc parser which translates
- a Config Language script to a huge TCL/TK program. 'make xconfig'
- then hands this TCL/TK program to 'wish', which executes it.
- 'mconfig' is the next generation of Config Language interpreters. It is a
- C program with a bison parser which translates a Config Language script
- into an internal syntax tree and then hands the syntax tree to one of
- several user-interface front ends.
- === Statements
- A Config Language script is a list of statements. There are 21 simple
- statements; an 'if' statement; menu blocks; and a 'source' statement.
- A '' at the end of a line marks a line continuation.
- '#' usually introduces a comment, which continues to the end of the line.
- Lines of the form '# ... is not set', however, are not comments. They
- are semantically meaningful, and all four config interpreters implement
- this meaning.
- Newlines are significant. You may not substitute semicolons for newlines.
- The 'if' statement does accept a semicolon in one position; you may use
- a newline in that position instead.
- Here are the basic grammar elements.
- A /prompt/ is a single-quoted string or a double-quoted string.
- If the word is double-quoted, it may not have any $ substitutions.
- A /word/ is a single unquoted word, a single-quoted string, or a
- double-quoted string. If the word is unquoted or double quoted,
- then $-substitution will be performed on the word.
- A /symbol/ is a single unquoted word. A symbol must have a name of
- the form CONFIG_*. scripts/mkdep.c relies on this convention in order
- to generate dependencies on individual CONFIG_* symbols instead of
- making one massive dependency on include/linux/autoconf.h.
- A /dep/ is a dependency. Syntactically, it is a /word/. At run
- time, a /dep/ must evaluate to "y", "m", "n", or "".
- An /expr/ is a bash-like expression using the operators
- '=', '!=', '-a', '-o', and '!'.
- Here are all the statements:
- Text statements:
- mainmenu_name /prompt/
- comment /prompt/
- text /prompt/
- Ask statements:
- bool /prompt/ /symbol/
- hex /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
- int /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
- string /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
- tristate /prompt/ /symbol/
- Define statements:
- define_bool /symbol/ /word/
- define_hex /symbol/ /word/
- define_int /symbol/ /word/
- define_string /symbol/ /word/
- define_tristate /symbol/ /word/
- Dependent statements:
- dep_bool /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
- dep_mbool /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
- dep_hex /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
- dep_int /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
- dep_string /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
- dep_tristate /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
- Unset statement:
- unset /symbol/ ...
- Choice statements:
- choice /prompt/ /word/ /word/
- nchoice /prompt/ /symbol/ /prompt/ /symbol/ ...
- If statements:
- if [ /expr/ ] ; then
- /statement/
- ...
- fi
- if [ /expr/ ] ; then
- /statement/
- ...
- else
- /statement/
- ...
- fi
- Menu block:
- mainmenu_option next_comment
- comment /prompt/
- /statement/
- ...
- endmenu
- Source statement:
- source /word/
- === mainmenu_name /prompt/
- This verb is a lot less important than it looks. It specifies the top-level
- name of this Config Language file.
- Configure: ignores this line
- Menuconfig: ignores this line
- Xconfig: uses /prompt/ for the label window.
- mconfig: ignores this line (mconfig does a better job without it).
- Example:
- # arch/sparc/config.in
- mainmenu_name "Linux/SPARC Kernel Configuration"
- === comment /prompt/
- This verb displays its prompt to the user during the configuration process
- and also echoes it to the output files during output. Note that the
- prompt, like all prompts, is a quoted string with no dollar substitution.
- The 'comment' verb is not a Config Language comment. It causes the
- user interface to display text, and it causes output to appear in the
- output files.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/net/Config.in
- comment 'CCP compressors for PPP are only built as modules.'
- === text /prompt/
- This verb displays the prompt to the user with no adornment whatsoever.
- It does not echo the prompt to the output file. mconfig uses this verb
- internally for its help facility.
- Configure: not implemented
- Menuconfig: not implemented
- Xconfig: not implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # mconfig internal help text
- text 'Here are all the mconfig command line options.'
- === bool /prompt/ /symbol/
- This verb displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value from the user,
- and assigns that value to /symbol/. The legal input values are "n" and
- "y".
- Note that the bool verb does not have a default value. People keep
- trying to write Config Language scripts with a default value for bool,
- but *all* of the existing language interpreters discard additional values.
- Feel free to submit a multi-interpreter patch to linux-kbuild if you
- want to implement this as an enhancement.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # arch/i386/config.in
- bool 'Symmetric multi-processing support' CONFIG_SMP
- === hex /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
- This verb displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value from the user,
- and assigns that value to /symbol/. Any hexadecimal number is a legal
- input value. /word/ is the default value.
- The hex verb does not accept range parameters.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/sound/Config.in
- hex 'I/O base for SB Check from manual of the card' CONFIG_SB_BASE 220
- === int /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
- This verb displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value from the user,
- and assigns that value to /symbol/. /word/ is the default value.
- Any decimal number is a legal input value.
- The int verb does not accept range parameters.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/char/Config.in
- int 'Maximum number of Unix98 PTYs in use (0-2048)'
- CONFIG_UNIX98_PTY_COUNT 256
- === string /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/
- This verb displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value from the user,
- and assigns that value to /symbol/. /word/ is the default value. Legal
- input values are any ASCII string, except for the characters '"' and '\'.
- Configure will trap an input string of "?" to display help.
- The default value is mandatory.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/sound/Config.in
- string ' Full pathname of DSPxxx.LD firmware file'
- CONFIG_PSS_BOOT_FILE /etc/sound/dsp001.ld
- === tristate /prompt/ /symbol/
- This verb displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value from the user,
- and assigns that value to /symbol/. Legal values are "n", "m", or "y".
- The value "m" stands for "module"; it indicates that /symbol/ should
- be built as a kernel module. The value "m" is legal only if the symbol
- CONFIG_MODULES currently has the value "y".
- The tristate verb does not have a default value.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # fs/Config.in
- tristate 'NFS filesystem support' CONFIG_NFS_FS
- === define_bool /symbol/ /word/
- This verb the value of /word/ to /symbol/. Legal values are "n" or "y".
- For compatibility reasons, the value of "m" is also legal, because it
- will be a while before define_tristate is implemented everywhere.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # arch/alpha/config.in
- if [ "$CONFIG_ALPHA_GENERIC" = "y" ]
- then
- define_bool CONFIG_PCI y
- define_bool CONFIG_ALPHA_NEED_ROUNDING_EMULATION y
- fi
- === define_hex /symbol/ /word/
- This verb assigns the value of /word/ to /symbol/. Any hexadecimal
- number is a legal value.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # Not from the corpus
- bool 'Specify custom serial port' CONFIG_SERIAL_PORT_CUSTOM
- if [ "$CONFIG_SERIAL_PORT_CUSTOM" = "y" ]; then
- hex 'Serial port number' CONFIG_SERIAL_PORT
- else
- define_hex CONFIG_SERIAL_PORT 0x3F8
- fi
- === define_int /symbol/ /word/
- This verb assigns /symbol/ the value /word/. Any decimal number is a
- legal value.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/char/ftape/Config.in
- define_int CONFIG_FT_ALPHA_CLOCK 0
- === define_string /symbol/ /word/
- This verb assigns the value of /word/ to /symbol/. Legal input values
- are any ASCII string, except for the characters '"' and '\'.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example
- # Not from the corpus
- define_string CONFIG_VERSION "2.2.0"
- === define_tristate /symbol/ /word/
- This verb assigns the value of /word/ to /symbol/. Legal input values
- are "n", "m", and "y".
- As soon as this verb is implemented in all interpreters, please use it
- instead of define_bool to define tristate values. This aids in static
- type checking.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/video/Config.in
- if [ "$CONFIG_FB_AMIGA" = "y" ]; then
- define_tristate CONFIG_FBCON_AFB y
- define_tristate CONFIG_FBCON_ILBM y
- else
- if [ "$CONFIG_FB_AMIGA" = "m" ]; then
- define_tristate CONFIG_FBCON_AFB m
- define_tristate CONFIG_FBCON_ILBM m
- fi
- fi
- === dep_bool /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
- This verb evaluates all of the dependencies in the dependency list.
- Any dependency which has a value of "y" does not restrict the input
- range. Any dependency which has an empty value is ignored.
- Any dependency which has a value of "n", or which has some other value,
- (like "m") restricts the input range to "n". Quoting dependencies is not
- allowed. Using dependencies with an empty value possible is not
- recommended. See also dep_mbool below.
- If the input range is restricted to the single choice "n", dep_bool
- silently assigns "n" to /symbol/. If the input range has more than
- one choice, dep_bool displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value
- from the user, and assigns that value to /symbol/.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- XConfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/net/Config.in
- dep_bool 'Aironet 4500/4800 PCI support 'CONFIG_AIRONET4500_PCI $CONFIG_PCI
- Known bugs:
- - Xconfig does not write "# foo is not set" to .config (as well as
- "#undef foo" to autoconf.h) if command is disabled by its dependencies.
- === dep_mbool /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
- This verb evaluates all of the dependencies in the dependency list.
- Any dependency which has a value of "y" or "m" does not restrict the
- input range. Any dependency which has an empty value is ignored.
- Any dependency which has a value of "n", or which has some other value,
- restricts the input range to "n". Quoting dependencies is not allowed.
- Using dependencies with an empty value possible is not recommended.
- If the input range is restricted to the single choice "n", dep_bool
- silently assigns "n" to /symbol/. If the input range has more than
- one choice, dep_bool displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value
- from the user, and assigns that value to /symbol/.
- Notice that the only difference between dep_bool and dep_mbool
- is in the way of treating the "m" value as a dependency.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- XConfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # Not from the corpus
- dep_mbool 'Packet socket: mmapped IO' CONFIG_PACKET_MMAP $CONFIG_PACKET
- Known bugs:
- - Xconfig does not write "# foo is not set" to .config (as well as
- "#undef foo" to autoconf.h) if command is disabled by its dependencies.
- === dep_hex /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
- === dep_int /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
- === dep_string /prompt/ /symbol/ /word/ /dep/ ...
- I am still thinking about the semantics of these verbs.
- Configure: not implemented
- Menuconfig: not implemented
- XConfig: not implemented
- mconfig: not implemented
- === dep_tristate /prompt/ /symbol/ /dep/ ...
- This verb evaluates all of the dependencies in the dependency list.
- Any dependency which has a value of "y" does not restrict the input range.
- Any dependency which has a value of "m" restricts the input range to
- "m" or "n". Any dependency which has an empty value is ignored.
- Any dependency which has a value of "n", or which has some other value,
- restricts the input range to "n". Quoting dependencies is not allowed.
- Using dependencies with an empty value possible is not recommended.
- If the input range is restricted to the single choice "n", dep_tristate
- silently assigns "n" to /symbol/. If the input range has more than
- one choice, dep_tristate displays /prompt/ to the user, accepts a value
- from the user, and assigns that value to /symbol/.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # drivers/char/Config.in
- dep_tristate 'Parallel printer support' CONFIG_PRINTER $CONFIG_PARPORT
- Known bugs:
- - Xconfig does not write "# foo is not set" to .config (as well as
- "#undef foo" to autoconf.h) if command is disabled by its dependencies.
- === unset /symbol/ ...
- This verb assigns the value "" to /symbol/, but does not cause /symbol/
- to appear in the output. The existence of this verb is a hack; it covers
- up deeper problems with variable semantics in a random-execution language.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented (with bugs)
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # arch/mips/config.in
- unset CONFIG_PCI
- unset CONFIG_MIPS_JAZZ
- unset CONFIG_VIDEO_G364
- === choice /prompt/ /word/ /word/
- This verb implements a choice list or "radio button list" selection.
- It displays /prompt/ to the user, as well as a group of sub-prompts
- which have corresponding symbols.
- When the user selects a value, the choice verb sets the corresponding
- symbol to "y" and sets all the other symbols in the choice list to "n".
- The second argument is a single-quoted or double-quoted word that
- describes a series of sub-prompts and symbol names. The interpreter
- breaks up the word at white space boundaries into a list of sub-words.
- The first sub-word is the first prompt; the second sub-word is the
- first symbol. The third sub-word is the second prompt; the fourth
- sub-word is the second symbol. And so on, for all the sub-words.
- The third word is a literal word. Its value must be a unique abbreviation
- for exactly one of the prompts. The symbol corresponding to this prompt
- is the default enabled symbol.
- Note that because of the syntax of the choice verb, the sub-prompts
- may not have spaces in them.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- Example:
- # arch/i386/config.in
- choice ' PCI access mode'
- "BIOS CONFIG_PCI_GOBIOS
- Direct CONFIG_PCI_GODIRECT
- Any CONFIG_PCI_GOANY" Any
- === nchoice /prompt/ /symbol/ /prompt/ /symbol/ ...
- This verb has the same semantics as the choice verb, but with a sensible
- syntax.
- The first /prompt/ is the master prompt for the entire choice list.
- The first /symbol/ is the default symbol to enable (notice that this
- is a symbol, not a unique prompt abbreviation).
- The subsequent /prompt/ and /symbol/ pairs are the prompts and symbols
- for the choice list.
- Configure: not implemented
- Menuconfig: not implemented
- XConfig: not implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- === if [ /expr/ ] ; then
- This is a conditional statement, with an optional 'else' clause. You may
- substitute a newline for the semicolon if you choose.
- /expr/ may contain the following atoms and operators. Note that, unlike
- shell, you must use double quotes around every atom.
- /atom/:
- "..." a literal
- "$..." a variable
- /expr/:
- /atom/ = /atom/ true if atoms have identical value
- /atom/ != /atom/ true if atoms have different value
- /expr/:
- /expr/ -o /expr/ true if either expression is true
- /expr/ -a /expr/ true if both expressions are true
- ! /expr/ true if expression is not true
- Note that a naked /atom/ is not a valid /expr/. If you try to use it
- as such:
- # Do not do this.
- if [ "$CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL" ]; then
- bool 'Bogus experimental feature' CONFIG_BOGUS
- fi
- ... then you will be surprised, because CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL never has a
- value of the empty string! It is always "y" or "n", and both of these
- are treated as true (non-empty) by the bash-based interpreters Configure
- and Menuconfig.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- XConfig: implemented, with bugs
- mconfig: implemented
- Xconfig has some known bugs, and probably some unknown bugs too:
- - literals with an empty "" value are not properly handled.
- === mainmenu_option next_comment
- This verb introduces a new menu. The next statement must have a comment
- verb. The /prompt/ of that comment verb becomes the title of the menu.
- (I have no idea why the original designer didn't create a 'menu ...' verb).
- Statements outside the scope of any menu are in the implicit top menu.
- The title of the top menu comes from a variety of sources, depending on
- the interpreter.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- === endmenu
- This verb closes the scope of a menu.
- Configure: implemented
- Menuconfig: implemented
- Xconfig: implemented
- mconfig: implemented
- === source /word/
- This verb interprets the literal /word/ as a filename, and interpolates
- the contents of that file. The word must be a single unquoted literal
- word.
- Some interpreters interpret this verb at run time; some interpreters
- interpret it at parse time.
- Inclusion is textual inclusion, like the C preprocessor #include facility.
- The source verb does not imply a submenu or any kind of block nesting.
- Configure: implemented (run time)
- Menuconfig: implemented (parse time)
- Xconfig: implemented (parse time)
- mconfig: implemented (parse time)