head.S
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- /*
- * linux/arch/i386/head.S -- the 32-bit startup code.
- *
- * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
- *
- * Enhanced CPU detection and feature setting code by Mike Jagdis
- * and Martin Mares, November 1997.
- */
- .text
- #include <linux/config.h>
- #include <linux/threads.h>
- #include <linux/linkage.h>
- #include <asm/segment.h>
- #include <asm/page.h>
- #include <asm/pgtable.h>
- #include <asm/desc.h>
- #define OLD_CL_MAGIC_ADDR 0x90020
- #define OLD_CL_MAGIC 0xA33F
- #define OLD_CL_BASE_ADDR 0x90000
- #define OLD_CL_OFFSET 0x90022
- #define NEW_CL_POINTER 0x228 /* Relative to real mode data */
- /*
- * References to members of the boot_cpu_data structure.
- */
- #define CPU_PARAMS SYMBOL_NAME(boot_cpu_data)
- #define X86 CPU_PARAMS+0
- #define X86_VENDOR CPU_PARAMS+1
- #define X86_MODEL CPU_PARAMS+2
- #define X86_MASK CPU_PARAMS+3
- #define X86_HARD_MATH CPU_PARAMS+6
- #define X86_CPUID CPU_PARAMS+8
- #define X86_CAPABILITY CPU_PARAMS+12
- #define X86_VENDOR_ID CPU_PARAMS+28
- /*
- * swapper_pg_dir is the main page directory, address 0x00101000
- *
- * On entry, %esi points to the real-mode code as a 32-bit pointer.
- */
- startup_32:
- /*
- * Set segments to known values
- */
- cld
- movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
- movl %eax,%ds
- movl %eax,%es
- movl %eax,%fs
- movl %eax,%gs
- #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
- orw %bx,%bx
- jz 1f
- /*
- * New page tables may be in 4Mbyte page mode and may
- * be using the global pages.
- *
- * NOTE! If we are on a 486 we may have no cr4 at all!
- * So we do not try to touch it unless we really have
- * some bits in it to set. This won't work if the BSP
- * implements cr4 but this AP does not -- very unlikely
- * but be warned! The same applies to the pse feature
- * if not equally supported. --macro
- *
- * NOTE! We have to correct for the fact that we're
- * not yet offset PAGE_OFFSET..
- */
- #define cr4_bits mmu_cr4_features-__PAGE_OFFSET
- cmpl $0,cr4_bits
- je 3f
- movl %cr4,%eax # Turn on paging options (PSE,PAE,..)
- orl cr4_bits,%eax
- movl %eax,%cr4
- jmp 3f
- 1:
- #endif
- /*
- * Initialize page tables
- */
- movl $pg0-__PAGE_OFFSET,%edi /* initialize page tables */
- movl $007,%eax /* "007" doesn't mean with right to kill, but
- PRESENT+RW+USER */
- 2: stosl
- add $0x1000,%eax
- cmp $empty_zero_page-__PAGE_OFFSET,%edi
- jne 2b
- /*
- * Enable paging
- */
- 3:
- movl $swapper_pg_dir-__PAGE_OFFSET,%eax
- movl %eax,%cr3 /* set the page table pointer.. */
- movl %cr0,%eax
- orl $0x80000000,%eax
- movl %eax,%cr0 /* ..and set paging (PG) bit */
- jmp 1f /* flush the prefetch-queue */
- 1:
- movl $1f,%eax
- jmp *%eax /* make sure eip is relocated */
- 1:
- /* Set up the stack pointer */
- lss stack_start,%esp
- #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
- orw %bx,%bx
- jz 1f /* Initial CPU cleans BSS */
- pushl $0
- popfl
- jmp checkCPUtype
- 1:
- #endif CONFIG_SMP
- /*
- * Clear BSS first so that there are no surprises...
- * No need to cld as DF is already clear from cld above...
- */
- xorl %eax,%eax
- movl $ SYMBOL_NAME(__bss_start),%edi
- movl $ SYMBOL_NAME(_end),%ecx
- subl %edi,%ecx
- rep
- stosb
- /*
- * start system 32-bit setup. We need to re-do some of the things done
- * in 16-bit mode for the "real" operations.
- */
- call setup_idt
- /*
- * Initialize eflags. Some BIOS's leave bits like NT set. This would
- * confuse the debugger if this code is traced.
- * XXX - best to initialize before switching to protected mode.
- */
- pushl $0
- popfl
- /*
- * Copy bootup parameters out of the way. First 2kB of
- * _empty_zero_page is for boot parameters, second 2kB
- * is for the command line.
- *
- * Note: %esi still has the pointer to the real-mode data.
- */
- movl $ SYMBOL_NAME(empty_zero_page),%edi
- movl $512,%ecx
- cld
- rep
- movsl
- xorl %eax,%eax
- movl $512,%ecx
- rep
- stosl
- movl SYMBOL_NAME(empty_zero_page)+NEW_CL_POINTER,%esi
- andl %esi,%esi
- jnz 2f # New command line protocol
- cmpw $(OLD_CL_MAGIC),OLD_CL_MAGIC_ADDR
- jne 1f
- movzwl OLD_CL_OFFSET,%esi
- addl $(OLD_CL_BASE_ADDR),%esi
- 2:
- movl $ SYMBOL_NAME(empty_zero_page)+2048,%edi
- movl $512,%ecx
- rep
- movsl
- 1:
- checkCPUtype:
- movl $-1,X86_CPUID # -1 for no CPUID initially
- /* check if it is 486 or 386. */
- /*
- * XXX - this does a lot of unnecessary setup. Alignment checks don't
- * apply at our cpl of 0 and the stack ought to be aligned already, and
- * we don't need to preserve eflags.
- */
- movl $3,X86 # at least 386
- pushfl # push EFLAGS
- popl %eax # get EFLAGS
- movl %eax,%ecx # save original EFLAGS
- xorl $0x40000,%eax # flip AC bit in EFLAGS
- pushl %eax # copy to EFLAGS
- popfl # set EFLAGS
- pushfl # get new EFLAGS
- popl %eax # put it in eax
- xorl %ecx,%eax # change in flags
- andl $0x40000,%eax # check if AC bit changed
- je is386
- movl $4,X86 # at least 486
- movl %ecx,%eax
- xorl $0x200000,%eax # check ID flag
- pushl %eax
- popfl # if we are on a straight 486DX, SX, or
- pushfl # 487SX we can't change it
- popl %eax
- xorl %ecx,%eax
- pushl %ecx # restore original EFLAGS
- popfl
- andl $0x200000,%eax
- je is486
- /* get vendor info */
- xorl %eax,%eax # call CPUID with 0 -> return vendor ID
- cpuid
- movl %eax,X86_CPUID # save CPUID level
- movl %ebx,X86_VENDOR_ID # lo 4 chars
- movl %edx,X86_VENDOR_ID+4 # next 4 chars
- movl %ecx,X86_VENDOR_ID+8 # last 4 chars
- orl %eax,%eax # do we have processor info as well?
- je is486
- movl $1,%eax # Use the CPUID instruction to get CPU type
- cpuid
- movb %al,%cl # save reg for future use
- andb $0x0f,%ah # mask processor family
- movb %ah,X86
- andb $0xf0,%al # mask model
- shrb $4,%al
- movb %al,X86_MODEL
- andb $0x0f,%cl # mask mask revision
- movb %cl,X86_MASK
- movl %edx,X86_CAPABILITY
- is486:
- movl %cr0,%eax # 486 or better
- andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
- orl $0x50022,%eax # set AM, WP, NE and MP
- jmp 2f
- is386: pushl %ecx # restore original EFLAGS
- popfl
- movl %cr0,%eax # 386
- andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
- orl $2,%eax # set MP
- 2: movl %eax,%cr0
- call check_x87
- incb ready
- lgdt gdt_descr
- lidt idt_descr
- ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS),$1f
- 1: movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax # reload all the segment registers
- movl %eax,%ds # after changing gdt.
- movl %eax,%es
- movl %eax,%fs
- movl %eax,%gs
- #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
- movl $(__KERNEL_DS), %eax
- movl %eax,%ss # Reload the stack pointer (segment only)
- #else
- lss stack_start,%esp # Load processor stack
- #endif
- xorl %eax,%eax
- lldt %ax
- cld # gcc2 wants the direction flag cleared at all times
- #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
- movb ready, %cl
- cmpb $1,%cl
- je 1f # the first CPU calls start_kernel
- # all other CPUs call initialize_secondary
- call SYMBOL_NAME(initialize_secondary)
- jmp L6
- 1:
- #endif
- call SYMBOL_NAME(start_kernel)
- L6:
- jmp L6 # main should never return here, but
- # just in case, we know what happens.
- ready: .byte 0
- /*
- * We depend on ET to be correct. This checks for 287/387.
- */
- check_x87:
- movb $0,X86_HARD_MATH
- clts
- fninit
- fstsw %ax
- cmpb $0,%al
- je 1f
- movl %cr0,%eax /* no coprocessor: have to set bits */
- xorl $4,%eax /* set EM */
- movl %eax,%cr0
- ret
- ALIGN
- 1: movb $1,X86_HARD_MATH
- .byte 0xDB,0xE4 /* fsetpm for 287, ignored by 387 */
- ret
- /*
- * setup_idt
- *
- * sets up a idt with 256 entries pointing to
- * ignore_int, interrupt gates. It doesn't actually load
- * idt - that can be done only after paging has been enabled
- * and the kernel moved to PAGE_OFFSET. Interrupts
- * are enabled elsewhere, when we can be relatively
- * sure everything is ok.
- */
- setup_idt:
- lea ignore_int,%edx
- movl $(__KERNEL_CS << 16),%eax
- movw %dx,%ax /* selector = 0x0010 = cs */
- movw $0x8E00,%dx /* interrupt gate - dpl=0, present */
- lea SYMBOL_NAME(idt_table),%edi
- mov $256,%ecx
- rp_sidt:
- movl %eax,(%edi)
- movl %edx,4(%edi)
- addl $8,%edi
- dec %ecx
- jne rp_sidt
- ret
- ENTRY(stack_start)
- .long SYMBOL_NAME(init_task_union)+8192
- .long __KERNEL_DS
- /* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */
- int_msg:
- .asciz "Unknown interruptn"
- ALIGN
- ignore_int:
- cld
- pushl %eax
- pushl %ecx
- pushl %edx
- pushl %es
- pushl %ds
- movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
- movl %eax,%ds
- movl %eax,%es
- pushl $int_msg
- call SYMBOL_NAME(printk)
- popl %eax
- popl %ds
- popl %es
- popl %edx
- popl %ecx
- popl %eax
- iret
- /*
- * The interrupt descriptor table has room for 256 idt's,
- * the global descriptor table is dependent on the number
- * of tasks we can have..
- */
- #define IDT_ENTRIES 256
- #define GDT_ENTRIES (__TSS(NR_CPUS))
- .globl SYMBOL_NAME(idt)
- .globl SYMBOL_NAME(gdt)
- ALIGN
- .word 0
- idt_descr:
- .word IDT_ENTRIES*8-1 # idt contains 256 entries
- SYMBOL_NAME(idt):
- .long SYMBOL_NAME(idt_table)
- .word 0
- gdt_descr:
- .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
- SYMBOL_NAME(gdt):
- .long SYMBOL_NAME(gdt_table)
- /*
- * This is initialized to create an identity-mapping at 0-8M (for bootup
- * purposes) and another mapping of the 0-8M area at virtual address
- * PAGE_OFFSET.
- */
- .org 0x1000
- ENTRY(swapper_pg_dir)
- .long 0x00102007
- .long 0x00103007
- .fill BOOT_USER_PGD_PTRS-2,4,0
- /* default: 766 entries */
- .long 0x00102007
- .long 0x00103007
- /* default: 254 entries */
- .fill BOOT_KERNEL_PGD_PTRS-2,4,0
- /*
- * The page tables are initialized to only 8MB here - the final page
- * tables are set up later depending on memory size.
- */
- .org 0x2000
- ENTRY(pg0)
- .org 0x3000
- ENTRY(pg1)
- /*
- * empty_zero_page must immediately follow the page tables ! (The
- * initialization loop counts until empty_zero_page)
- */
- .org 0x4000
- ENTRY(empty_zero_page)
- .org 0x5000
- /*
- * Real beginning of normal "text" segment
- */
- ENTRY(stext)
- ENTRY(_stext)
- /*
- * This starts the data section. Note that the above is all
- * in the text section because it has alignment requirements
- * that we cannot fulfill any other way.
- */
- .data
- ALIGN
- /*
- * This contains typically 140 quadwords, depending on NR_CPUS.
- *
- * NOTE! Make sure the gdt descriptor in head.S matches this if you
- * change anything.
- */
- ENTRY(gdt_table)
- .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* NULL descriptor */
- .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* not used */
- .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* 0x10 kernel 4GB code at 0x00000000 */
- .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* 0x18 kernel 4GB data at 0x00000000 */
- .quad 0x00cffa000000ffff /* 0x23 user 4GB code at 0x00000000 */
- .quad 0x00cff2000000ffff /* 0x2b user 4GB data at 0x00000000 */
- .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* not used */
- .quad 0x0000000000000000 /* not used */
- /*
- * The APM segments have byte granularity and their bases
- * and limits are set at run time.
- */
- .quad 0x0040920000000000 /* 0x40 APM set up for bad BIOS's */
- .quad 0x00409a0000000000 /* 0x48 APM CS code */
- .quad 0x00009a0000000000 /* 0x50 APM CS 16 code (16 bit) */
- .quad 0x0040920000000000 /* 0x58 APM DS data */
- .fill NR_CPUS*4,8,0 /* space for TSS's and LDT's */