README
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- Linux for the Q40
- =================
- You may try http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Bay/2602/ for
- some up to date information. Booter and other tools will be also
- available from this place or ftp.uni-erlangen.de/linux/680x0/q40/
- and mirrors.
- Hints to documentation usually refer to the linux source tree in
- /usr/src/linux/Documentation unless URL given.
- It seems IRQ unmasking can't be safely done on a Q40. IRQ probing
- is not implemented - do not try it! (See below)
- For a list of kernel command-line options read the documentation for the
- particular device drivers.
- The floppy imposes a very high interrupt load on the CPU, approx 30K/s.
- When something blocks interrupts (HD) it will loose some of them, so far
- this is not known to have caused any data loss. On highly loaded systems
- it can make the floppy very slow or practically stop. Other Q40 OS' simply
- poll the floppy for this reason - something that can't be done in Linux.
- Only possible cure is getting a 82072 controller with fifo instead of
- the 8272A.
- drivers used by the Q40, apart from the very obvious (console etc.):
- drivers/char/q40_keyb.c # use PC keymaps for national keyboards
- serial.c # normal PC driver - any speed
- lp.c # printer driver
- genrtc.c # RTC
- char/joystick/* # most of this should work, not
- # in default config.in
- block/q40ide.c # startup for ide
- ide* # see Documentation/ide.txt
- floppy.c # normal PC driver, DMA emu in asm/floppy.h
- # and arch/m68k/kernel/entry.S
- # see drivers/block/README.fd
- net/ne.c
- video/q40fb.c
- parport/*
- sound/dmasound_core.c
- dmasound_q40.c
- Various other PC drivers can be enabled simply by adding them to
- arch/m68k/config.in, especially 8 bit devices should be without any
- problems. For cards using 16bit io/mem more care is required, like
- checking byte order issues, hacking memcpy_*_io etc.
- Debugging
- =========
- Upon startup the kernel will usually output "ABCQGHIJ" into the SRAM,
- preceded by the booter signature. This is a trace just in case something
- went wrong during earliest setup stages of head.S.
- **Changed** to preserve SRAM contents by default, this is only done when
- requested - SRAM must start with '%LX$' signature to do this. '-d' option
- to 'lxx' loader enables this.
- SRAM can also be used as additional console device, use debug=mem.
- This will save kernel startup msgs into SRAM, the screen will display
- only the penguin - and shell prompt if it gets that far..
- Unfortunately only 2000 bytes are available.
- Serial console works and can also be used for debugging, see loader_txt
- Most problems seem to be caused by fawlty or badly configured io-cards or
- hard drives anyway.
- Make sure to configure the parallel port as SPP and remove IRQ/DMA jumpers
- for first testing. The Q40 does not support DMA and may have trouble with
- parallel ports version of interrupts.
- Q40 Hardware Description
- ========================
- This is just an overview, see asm-m68k/* for details ask if you have any
- questions.
- The Q40 consists of a 68040@40 MHz, 1MB video RAM, up to 32MB RAM, AT-style
- keyboard interface, 1 Programmable LED, 2x8bit DACs and up to 1MB ROM, 1MB
- shadow ROM.
- The Q60 has any of 68060 or 68LC060 and up to 128 MB RAM.
- Most interfacing like floppy, IDE, serial and parallel ports is done via ISA
- slots. The ISA io and mem range is mapped (sparse&byteswapped!) into separate
- regions of the memory.
- The main interrupt register IIRQ_REG will indicate whether an IRQ was internal
- or from some ISA devices, EIRQ_REG can distinguish up to 8 ISA IRQs.
- The Q40 custom chip is programmable to provide 2 periodic timers:
- - 50 or 200 Hz - level 2, !!THIS CANT BE DISABLED!!
- - 10 or 20 KHz - level 4, used for dma-sound
-
- Linux uses the 200 Hz interrupt for timer and beep by default.
- Interrupts
- ==========
- q40 master chip handles only a subset of level triggered interrupts.
- Linux has some requirements wrt interrupt architecture, these are
- to my knowledge:
- (a) interrupt handler must not be reentered even when sti() is called
- from within handler
- (b) working enable/disable_irq
- Luckily these requirements are only important for drivers shared
- with other architectures - ide,serial,parallel, ethernet.
- q40ints.c now contains a trivial hack for (a), (b) is more difficult
- because only irq's 4-15 can be disabled - and only all of them at once.
- Thus disable_irq() can effectively block the machine if the driver goes
- asleep.
- One thing to keep in mind when hacking around the interrupt code is
- that there is no way to find out which IRQ caused a request, [EI]IRQ_REG
- displays current state of the various IRQ lines.
- Keyboard
- ========
- q40 receives AT make/break codes from the keyboard, these are translated to
- the PC scancodes x86 Linux uses. So by theory every national keyboard should
- work just by loading the appropriate x86 keytable - see any national-HOWTO.
- Unfortunately the AT->PC translation isn't quite trivial and even worse, my
- documentation of it is absolutely minimal - thus some exotic keys may not
- behave exactly as expected.
- There is still hope that it can be fixed completely though. If you encounter
- problems, email me ideally this:
- - exact keypress/release sequence
- - 'showkey -s' run on q40, non-X session
- - 'showkey -s' run on a PC, non-X session
- - AT codes as displayed by the q40 debugging ROM
- btw if the showkey output from PC and Q40 doesn't differ then you have some
- classic configuration problem - don't send me anything in this case