USERS-GUIDE
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- gFTP Users Guide
- version 2.0.13 (06/10/2002)
- Copyright (C) 1998-2002 Brian Masney <masneyb@gftp.org>
- gFTP is a multiprotocol file transfer program for both X Window and the
- console. Some of the gFTP features are:
- * Downloading files
- * Uploading files
- * Transfering files between 2 remote servers
- * Downloading multiple files in one run
- * Downloading entire directories and subdirectories
- * Simultaneous downloads using multithreading
- * Supports resuming interrupted file transfers
- * Bookmarks menu to allow you to quickly connect to remote sites
- * FTP and HTTP proxy host support
- * Supports the FTP, FXP, HTTP and SSH protocols
- * Supports both passive and non-passive file transfers
- * Supports UNIX, EPLF, Novell, MacOS, and NT (DOS) style directory listings
- * Fully Internationalized. gFTP is currently available in Bulgarian (bg),
- Chinese (zh_TW.Big5, zh_CN.GB2312), Czech (cs), Danish (da), Dutch (nl),
- Finnish (fi), French (fr), German (de), Italian (it), Korean (ko),
- Japanese (ja), Norwegian (no), Polish (pl), Portuguese (pt_BR, br),
- Russian (ru), Spanish (es), Swedish (sv) and Turkish (tr)
- gFTP is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. You
- can read the GPL by clicking on Help->About->License Agreement.
- This document is a tutorial on how to use gFTP and describes some of its
- functionality. I welcome any changes or additions to this document to make it
- better, and easier to read.
- CONTENTS
- 1. Connecting to a remote site
- 1.1. Connecting using the Open URL button
- 1.2. Connecting using bookmarks
- 1.3. Connecting using the toolbar
- 1.4. Connecting using command line parameters
- 2. Downloading files
- 2.1. Traversing remote directory trees
- 2.2. Downloading a single file
- 2.3. Downloading multiple files
- 2.4. Downloading from multiple sites
- 2.5. Simultaneous downloads from multiple sites
- 2.6. Differences between downloading in ASCII and BINARY mode
- 3. Uploading files
- 3.1. Selecting the remote directory
- 3.2. Working with the remote file tree
- 3.3. Uploading a single file
- 3.4. Uploading multiple files
- 3.5. Passive and non passive file transfers
- 4. Transfering files between remote sites (FXP)
- 4.1. Connecting to the receiving site
- 4.2. Selecting the receiving directory
- 4.3. Working with the receiving file tree
- 4.4. Connecting to the sending site
- 4.5. Traversing the sending site directory tree
- 4.6. Selecting files from the sending site
- 5. Resuming transfers
- 5.1. Manual resumes
- 5.2. Automatic resumes
- 6. FTP password and user id
- 6.1. Anonymous FTP
- 6.2. Secure FTP password and user id
- 6.3. FTP security concerns
- 7. Local directory
- 7.1. Specifying the local directory
- 7.2. Working in the local directory
- 7.3. Formating the local directory window
- 8. Remote directory
- 8.1. Specifying the remote directory
- 8.2. Formating the remote directory window
- 9. Transfer window
- 9.1. Queue
- 9.2. Progress
- 9.3. Formating the transfer window
- 10. Log and log window
- 10.1. Log commands
- 10.2. Formating the log window
- 11. Bookmarks
- 11.1. Using a bookmark entry
- 11.2. Adding a bookmark
- 11.3. Editing bookmarks
- 11.4. Bookmark passwords
- 11.5. Bookmark security concerns
- 12. FTP protocol
- 12.1 Invoking FTP
- 13. HTTP protocol
- 13.1. Invoking HTTP
- 14. SSH protocol
- 14.1. Configuring SSH
- 14.2. Invoking SSH
- 14.3. SSH and SSH2
- 14.4 Invoking SSH
- 15. Miscellaneous commands
- 15.1. Window
- 15.2. SITE commands
- 15.3. Bidirectional transfers
- 15.4. Clear cache
- 15.5. Compare Windows
- 15.6. Disconnect
- 16. Using gftp-text (the command line version of gFTP)
- 16.1. Downloading entire directories and subdirectories
- 16.2. Documentation for gftp-text
- 17. Using gftp-gtk (the GUI version of gFTP)
- 18. Configuring gFTP
- 18.1. Proxy host setup
- 18.2. Proxy security concerns
- 18.3. Configuring file extensions
- 18.4. Desktop icon
- 19. Staying in touch
- 19.1. gFTP bugs
- 19.2. gFTP mailing list
- 19.3. gFTP home page and FAQ
- 20. Legal section
- 20.1. Copying gFTP
- 20.2. Warrenty
- 20.3. Source code
- 1. Connecting to a remote site
- This section describes the various ways that you can connect to a remote
- site using gFTP.
- 1.1. Connecting using the Open URL button
- On the top line of gFTP you will see the word "Remote". Click on Remote
- and you will get a pop down menu. Click on "Open URL" and you will get a
- command line which has several uses. You can enter a URL name in this
- command line in a manner very similar to the way it works in most web
- browsers. You can type in the URL, paste the URL from the clipboard, or Drag
- and Drop a URL from another application (say Mozilla). gFTP will automatically
- disconnect from the site that you are connected to, if any, and connect to the
- site you specified in the Open URL window.
- When you click on the Open URL button, several things are checked
- (in the following order):
- - If you are already connected to a site and you click the Open URL
- button, you will be disconnected from the site that you are
- connected to.
- - If you have a hostname entered on the toolbar, it will connect to
- that host.
- - If the above 2 conditions are false, then it will bring up the
- Open URL dialog window where you can enter a FTP URL to connect to.
- FTP URL's can look like some of the following:
- ftp://ftp.myhostname.com/pub (this will log in as anonymous)
- ftp://user@ftp.myhostname.com/pub (log in as user. You will be
- prompted for a password)
- ftp://user:password@ftp.myhostname.com/pub (log in as user/password)
- 1.2. Connecting using bookmarks
- Bookmarks are the easiest way to connect to a remote site. Click on
- Bookmarks and select which site you want to connect to from the pop down menu.
- If gFTP doesn't have a password for the site you are trying to connect to, it
- will prompt you for one. Due to security reasons, gFTP will not save a password
- in your bookmark file when gFTP obtains the password from a prompt.
- 1.3. Connecting using the toolbar
- You can use the toolbar at the top of the window to connect to a remote
- site. The only mandatory field to fill in is the hostname. You can type in
- the hostname or you can copy it from the clipboard. When entering a hostname in
- the toolbar do not include a directory name and file name. If you do
- enter a complete URL gFTP will eventually give you an error message: "Cannot
- look up hostname (hostname): Name or service not known". If you have a complete
- URL to enter or paste, a better method would be to go to section 1.1 and
- use the Open URL button. The way to handle a complete URL name on the toolbar
- is to split up the URL with the hostname in the Host field and the directory
- and/or file name in the directory name field on the right side of the screen
- just above the message that says "Not connected*".
- All of the other fields in the toolbar are optional:
- If you don't fill in the port, it will default to the ftp port in your
- /etc/services file (usually port 21).
- If you don't fill in a username, it will default to logging you in as
- anonymous.
- Once you have all your information filled in, you can either
- hit enter in any of the host, port, user or password fields and gFTP will
- connect you to the remote site.
- 1.4. Connecting using command line parameters
- You can start the GUI version of gFTP by using a KDE desktop application link
- or a Gnome desktop application link. If you want to go to a specific site
- immediately on startup you can tell gFTP to connect to that site by typing in
- that site's URL after the gftp command. For example:
- gftp ftp://ftp.myhostname.com/pub
- gftp-gtk is a the name of the GUI version of gFTP. The command gftp is
- actually a script which decides whether, under the circumstances, to launch
- gftp-text or gftp-gtk. If gftp does not launch the version that you want you
- can use gftp-text or gftp-gtk.
- 2. Downloading files
- Once you have successfully connected to a remote site you can then
- select the files that you want and download them. This section describes
- several ways that you can select and download files in gFTP.
- 2.1. Traversing remote directory trees
- In the center of the right half of the gFTP screen you will find two windows.
- The upper window shows what remote directory you are currently connected to.
- The lower window is a listing of that directory's contents. To open a
- directory, double click on the directory name. To go back up to a parent
- directory double click on the .. at the top of the direcory listing.
- Be careful that you are not double clicking on a file name unless you intend to
- download that file. You can also change directories by clicking on
- Remote->Change Directory.
- You can control which files are shown in the remote directory window by
- clicking on Remote->Change Filespec. Then enter the filespec that you would
- like to see. For example you could enter *.rpm to eliminate everything but rpm
- files in the directory listing.
- You can also control which files are shown in the remote directory window by
- clicking on Remote->Show Selected. Then the remote directory will only show
- the file names of files that are also on the transfer queue.
- Almost every FTP site limits the portion of their directory tree that you
- can access. When you double click on the .. at the top of the directory
- listing and nothing happens that means that you are as low in the directory
- tree as you are allowed to go.
- 2.2. Downloading a Single File
- To download a file double click on the file name.
- Or
- Drag and Drop a file name from the remote directory window to the local
- directory window.
- Or
- Drag and Drop a file name from a web browser (such as Opera) to the
- gFTP local directory window.
- Or
- Click on the file name and click on the left arrow near the center of the
- screen.
- 2.3. Downloading multiple files
- If you want to specify several files to download one after the other then you
- must first throw the "Start file transfer" toggle off. What this means is that
- when the toggle is on, gFTP starts downloading immediately when you select a
- file. When the toggle is off you can stack up as many selections as you want
- on the transfer queue without gFTP starting to download. You can use any of the
- selection methods described in the previous section on downloading single files.
- You can also select several files at once by using some of the commands on the
- Remote menu. Click on Remote. Click on the appropriate command(s) and then
- click on left arrow. The commands are:
- Select All Files - select every file in the current directory
- Select All - select every file in the current directory and every file in
- every subdirectory of the current directory
- Deselect All - erase your selections and start over
- Then when you have finished selecting files you turn on the "Start file
- transfer" toggle on and gFTP will begin working its way through all of the
- downloads, one by one. To turn the toggle on click on
- FTP->Options->Start file transfers->Apply->OK.
- 2.4. Downloading from multiple sites
- One of the features of gFTP is that you can queue download files from
- different remote sites. Once you have a file(s) download started, you can
- safely disconnect from the remote site by clicking on Remote->Disconnect, and
- it will not harm the download in progress. You can then connect to another
- remote site, and select another file(s) to download. gFTP will add the new
- selections to the transfer queue and download all of the files in the queue
- sequentially.
- 2.5. Simultaneous downloads from multiple sites
- In the previous section I described how to queue up downloads from multiple
- remote sites. gFTP also has the ability to download from multiple sites
- simultaneously. Whether gFTP does the downloads sequentially or in parallel
- is controlled by the "Do one transfer at a time" button. To find this button:
- click on FTP->Options. When the "Do one transfer at a time" button
- is on then gFTP will download files sequentially. When the "Do one transfer at
- a time" button is off then gFTP will open up a connection to each remote site
- listed in the transfer queue and do as many downloads simultaneously as there
- are remote sites in the transfer queue.
- Whether simultaneous downloading is an advantage to you or simply a confusion
- factor depends on how you are connected to the Internet. If you are connected
- to an ISP with a dial-up modem then simultaneous downloading buys you nothing,
- you should leave the "Do one transfer at a time" button on. If you are on a
- high speed local network connected to a proxy host which is attached to
- multiple trunk lines then simultaneous downloads could save you a lot of
- download time. If you are not on a dial-up modem and haven't a clue about your
- network line configuration I suggest that you turn off the "Do one transfer at a
- time" button and give gFTP a real workout as a speed test. If you get any
- interesting results let me know.
- 2.6. Differences between downloading in ASCII and BINARY mode
- If you download a file in binary mode, gFTP will transfer the file as is,
- making no modifications to it. But, if you are downloading text files, you
- should consider downloading them as ascii (unless you're downloading them from
- another unix machine, in which case either ascii or binary works fine). The
- problem is that DOS and Unix use different methods to show end of line.
- In DOS, the lines in text files will have a carriage return and line feed
- after them:
- This is a line in a DOS text filern
- But, in unix the file will just be stored with a line feed at the end:
- This is a line in a UNIX text filen
- If you download a text file from a DOS machine as binary, and open it up in
- an Unix program like vi, you will see some weird Ms at the end of each
- line. These are the carriage returns. To get around this, download the file in
- ascii mode, and gFTP will do the proper conversion for you. You can change
- between ascii and binary in the ftp menu.
- 3. Uploading files
- Uploading is a lot simpler if you collect all of the files that you want to
- upload in the local directory before you connect to a remote site. The local
- directory is the directory you specified in FTP->Options->Startup Directory.
- Once you have successfully connected to a remote site you can then
- select the files that you want and upload them to a specific place on the
- remote site. This section describes several ways that you can select and upload
- files in gFTP.
- 3.1. Selecting the remote directory
- In the center of the right half of the gFTP screen you will find two windows.
- The upper window shows what remote directory you are currently connected to.
- The lower window is a listing of that directory's contents. To open a
- directory, double click on the directory name. To go back up to a parent
- directory double click on the .. at the top of the direcory listing.
- Be careful that you are not double clicking on a file name unless you intend to
- download that file.
- You can control which files are shown in the remote directory window by
- clicking on Remote->Change Filespec. Then enter the filespec that you would
- like to see. For example you could enter *.rpm to eliminate everything but rpm
- files in the directory listing.
- You can also control which files are shown in the remote directory window by
- clicking on Remote->Show Selected. Then the remote directory will only show
- the file names of files that are also on the transfer queue.
- Almost every FTP site limits the portion of their directory tree that you
- can access. When you double click on the .. at the top of the directory
- listing and nothing happens that means that you are as low in the directory
- tree as you are allowed to go.
- 3.2. Working with the remote file tree
- Uploading often consists of more than simply copying a file to a remote site.
- You may have to create or rearrange portions of the file tree on the remote
- site. Right click on a blank spot in the directory window for the remote site
- and you will get a pop up menu which contains some commands for manipulating the
- remote site file tree. These commands include:
- Delete - delete a remote file or directory
- Make Directory - create a directory on the remote site
- Rename - rename a remote file or directory
- Edit - edit a remote file using the editor specified in FTP->Options->Edit
- program
- View - view a remote file using the editor specified in FTP->Options->View
- program
- Chmod - change the attributes of a remote file or directory
- 3.3. Uploading a single file
- To upload a file double click on the file name in the local directory window.
- Or
- Drag and Drop a file name from the local directory window to the remote
- directory window.
- Or
- Click on the file name in the local directory and click on the right arrow
- near the center of the screen.
- Or
- Drag and Drop a file name from a file manager such as Midnight Commander to
- the gFTP remote directory window.
- 3.4. Uploading multiple files
- If you want to specify several files to upload one after the other then you
- must first throw the "Start file transfer" toggle off. What this means is that
- when the toggle is on, gFTP starts uploading immediately when you select a
- file. When the toggle is off you can stack up as many selections as you want
- on the transfer queue without gFTP starting to upload. You can use any of the
- methods described in the previous section to select files to upload. You can
- also select several files at once by using some of the commands on the Local
- menu. Click on Local. Click on the appropriate command and then click on right
- arrow. The commands are:
- Select All Files - select every file in the current directory
- Select All - select every file in the current directory and every file in
- every subdirectory of the current directory
- Deselect All - erase your selections and start over
- Then when you have finished selecting files you turn the "Start file
- transfer" toggle on and gFTP will begin working its way through all of the
- uploads, one by one. To turn the toggle on click on FTP->Options->Start file
- transfers->Apply->OK.
- 3.5. Passive and non passive file transfers
- When uploading files to a server you will find that some servers support
- passive file transfers and others do not. Those sites which do not support
- passive file transfers usually block them because they consider passive file
- transfers too insecure. When you run into a site that does not support
- passive file transfers you can try toggling passive file transfers off. You can
- find the passive file transfers toggle by clicking on File->Options. Click on
- the Passive file transfers button to toggle passive file transfers on and off.
- The most common error message given out by a site that does not support
- passive transfers is: Cannot create a data connection: Connection refused
- 4. Transfering files between remote sites (FXP)
- The File Transfer Protocol has a subsection called File eXchange Protocol.
- gFTP can use FXP to transfer files between two remote sites. gFTP will set up a
- direct connection between the two remote sites so that the transfer proceeds
- from one remote site to the other without your machine acting as an
- intermediary. In order for gFTP to do a FXP transfer both remote sites must
- support FXP transfers. Also the receiving site must support passive transfers
- and the sending site must allow gFTP to open a port to the receiving site. If
- you cannot get the two remote sites to do a FXP transfer then the fall back
- method is to download the file(s) from the source remote site to your machine
- and then upload the file(s) to the receiving remote site. The fall back method
- will take at least twice as long as a FXP transfer and perhaps as much as an
- order of magnitude longer.
- The next several sections describe the sequence of actions that you must
- do in order to start a FXP transfer. This explanation of FXP will assume that
- you know how to use gFTP to download and upload files. Check the sections on
- downloads and uploads to fill in the details missing in the FXP explanation.
- 4.1. Connecting to the receiving site
- You connect to the receiving remote site the same as if you are doing an
- upload to that site.
- 4.2. Selecting the receiving directory
- You select the receiving remote directory the same as if you are doing an
- upload to that directory.
- 4.3. Working with the receiving file tree
- You manipulate the receiving remote file tree the same as if you are doing
- an upload to that site.
- 4.4. Connecting to the sending site
- On the top line of gFTP you will see the word "Local". Click on Local
- and you will get a pop down menu. Click on "Open URL" and you will get a
- command line window. You can enter an URL name in this command line in a manner
- very similar to the way it works in most web browsers. You can type in the
- URL, paste the URL from the clipboard, or Drag and Drop an URL from another
- application (say Konqueror). gFTP will connect to the site you specify in the
- Open URL window.
- 4.5. Traversing the sending site directory tree
- In the center of the left half of the gFTP screen you will find two windows.
- The upper window shows what remote sending site directory you are currently
- connected to. The lower window is a listing of that directory's contents. To
- open a directory, double click on the directory name. To go back up to a parent
- directory double click on the .. at the top of the direcory listing. Be
- careful that you are not double clicking on a file name unless you intend to
- transfer that file to the receiving remote site. You can also change
- directories by clicking on Local->Change Directory.
- You can control which files are shown in the left directory window by
- clicking on Local->Change Filespec. Then enter the filespec that you would
- like to see. For example you could enter *.deb to eliminate everything but
- Debian files in the directory listing.
- You can also control which files are shown in the remote directory window by
- clicking on Local->Show Selected. Then the local directory will only show
- the file names of files that are also on the transfer queue.
- Almost every FTP site limits the portion of their directory tree that you
- can access. When you double click on the .. at the top of the directory
- listing and nothing happens that means that you are as low in the directory
- tree as you are allowed to go.
- 4.6. Selecting files from the sending site
- If you want to specify several files to transfer one after the other then you
- must first throw the "Start file transfer" toggle off by clicking on
- FTP->Options->Start file transfers->Apply->OK. If you are only transfering a
- single file then you can ignore the "Start file transfer" toggle.
- To transfer a file double click on the file name in the left directory
- window.
- Or
- Drag and Drop a file name from the left directory window to the right
- directory window.
- Or
- Click on the file name in the left directory window and click on the right
- arrow near the center of the screen.
- Select as many files as you want from the left directory window and gFTP will
- place them on the queue. You can traverse the left directory window while you
- are selecting files. You can also select several files at once by using some
- of the commands in the Local menu. Click on Local. Click on the appropriate
- command and then click on right arrow. The commands are:
- Select All Files - select every file in the current directory
- Select All - select every file in the current directory and every file in
- every subdirectory of the current directory
- Deselect All - erase your selections and start over
- When you are finished selecting files then toggle "Start file transfer" on
- and gFTP will start transferring the files in the queue.
- 5. Resuming transfers
- The File Transfer Protocol has the ability to restart an interrupted transfer
- at the point where it left off. gFTP supports the resume function. If the
- remote site you are dealing with also supports resume (most FTP sites do, HTTP
- sites do not) then you can resume an interrupted transfer.
- 5.1. Manual resumes
- You can interrupt a transfer in the middle by exiting from gFTP and later
- resume the transfer at the point where it left off. To resume a download start
- up the download just like any other download. gFTP will find the partially
- downloaded file in the local download directory and then ask you whether to
- resume the download or to start all over. Choose resume. Then gFTP will
- connect to the remote site and negotiate with the remote site to resume the
- download at the point where it was interrupted.
- Uploads and FXP transfers can be resumed in a manner analogous to resuming a
- download.
- The only sticking point with exiting gFTP and then starting it up again is
- that you will lose the queue. gFTP erases the queue when you exit and when you
- start up again you will have to rebuild the queue. If you are doing a single
- file transfer then erasing the queue is unimportant.
- Resume is a well defined Internet protocol which requires the cooperation of
- both gFTP and the server software. Occasionally you will run into a server
- which does not support the Resume protocol. In the case of downloads all is
- not necessarily lost. gFTP will try to resume any download when it finds the
- file name in the local download directory. You might be able to salvage the
- download by finding another remote site to download that same filename from, a
- site that supports the FTP Resume protocol.
- 5.2. Automatic resumes
- If gFTP is in the process of transferring some files and the connection closes
- for some reason, gFTP will try to reconnect again and continue with the file
- transfer where it left off. You can set how many times to reconnect and how
- long to wait in the options dialog. In order to specify reasonable reconnect
- options you need to understand some of the things that can go wrong with a
- transfer.
- The most common cause of transfer problems is an overloaded FTP server. When
- a server becomes overloaded there will be times when the server just can't get
- around to passing gFTP the next block of data (or receiving the data in the
- case of an upload). In the gFTP progress window you will get a message that the
- transfer is stalled. If the transfer is stalled for over 30 seconds gFTP will
- time out the transfer and disconnect. (Don't mess with the Read timeout Option
- unless you know what you are doing. You can get timeouts for a lot of other
- reasons that an overloaded server.) gFTP then waits the time interval specified
- in FTP-Option and then reconnects.
- Some servers recognize when they are overloaded and begin deliberately
- disconnecting clients until they get back down to the maximum number of
- transfers that they can reasonably serve. If gFTP gets disconnected it waits
- the time interval specified in FTP->Options and then reconnects. These servers
- sometimes remember who they have just bounced off and if you try to reconnect
- immediately they may tell gFTP to stop trying to automatically reconnect. So in
- the Options (Ftp->Options->Network->Retry sleep time) you want to wait just long
- enough that the busy server will have forgotten you and then reconnect. The
- gFTP default is 15 seconds.
- The other reconnect Option that you are interested in is Connect retries
- (Ftp->Options->Network->Connect retries). Connect retries is the number of
- times that gFTP will reconnect before giving up altogather. There two ways to
- approach this option:
- If gFTP has to keep reconnecting to a remote server then the transfer can be
- very slow. You might want to switch another remote server which is faster.
- If the file name on the new server is exactly the same as the file name on the
- previous server then you can resume a download at whatever point you got to on
- the first server. In this case set FTP->Options->Connect retries to 3, which is
- the gFTP default.
- If you want to keep chugging away at the transfer until it finishes, no
- matter what, then set FTP->Options->Connect retries to 0.
- 6. FTP password and user id
- The standard File Transfer Protocol requires the use of a user id and a
- password. gFTP will always use a user id and a password for each FTP
- connection.
- 6.1. Anonymous FTP
- Many FTP server sites are public sites which make their files freely
- available to anyone who wants to download them. To get around the nuisance of
- user ids and passwords public sites use the standard anonymous FTP protocol.
- gFTP uses an user id of anonymous and a password that looks like a valid email
- address (internet@linux.local). You can change the anonymous email
- address/password by clicking on FTP->Options->General and changing the Email
- address field.
- 6.2. Secure FTP password and user id
- Some FTP server sites are private sites which are very selective about who
- can download files from that site. Almost all upload sites are selective.
- Private sites insist that you obtain a user id and a password, perhaps even
- pay money for them. Then you have to use that particular user id and password
- to access the private FTP site.
- If you want to save your password for a bookmarked site in the bookmark file,
- you should read the section on security concerns first. Then if you still
- want gFTP to remember your bookmark entry passwords there are two ways to do it.
- The easier way is to add the password manually to the bookmark file
- (/home/user/.gftp/bookmarks) using a text editor. Or you can have gFTP add
- the bookmark password by: click on Edit bookmarks, right click on the
- appropriate bookmark entry, click on Properties, and turn off "Log in as
- ANONYMOUS". Then gFTP will make the Username and Password fields available
- for editing.
- You can tell gFTP not to use anonymous FTP by entering the user name in the
- URL. For example:
- ftp://user@ftp.myhostname.com/pub (log in as user. gFTP will prompt you
- for a password)
- You can give gFTP both the user name and password in the URL. For example:
- ftp://user:password@ftp.myhostname.com/pub (log in as user/password)
- 6.3. FTP security concerns
- Some private FTP sites require you to use a valid email address as either the
- user id or the password. An organization with a reputable name to protect will
- not spam your email address. With other people or organizations you are
- vunerable to spamming. You might consider opening a free email account
- somewhere and use it for spam bait only.
- 7. Local directory
- The local directory is the directory on your computer from which you will
- upload files or which you will use to receive downloaded files. A window
- showing the local directory is located in the middle left of the gFTP screen.
- 7.1. Specifying the local directory
- You can set the default local directory by clicking on FTP->Options and then
- typing in the local directory path into Startup Directory.
- Or
- You can change the local directory by entering the new name into the small
- window just above the local directory window. Your new name will be entered
- into the local directory history but the new name will not replace the
- default name in Options.
- Or
- You can select a name from the local directory history list. Click on the
- down arrow to the right of the local directory name and then click on the
- history entry you want to use. Your new name will be entered into the local
- directory history but the new name will not replace the
- default name in Options.
- Or
- You can traverse the local directory tree by clicking on the directory names
- in the local directory window. To open a directory, double click on the
- directory name. To go back up to a parent directory double click on the ..
- at the top of the file listing. Be careful that you are not double clicking
- on a file name unless you intend to upload that file.
- 7.2. Working in the local directory
- There are several operations that gFTP can perform in the local directory.
- You can perform the following operations regardless of whether you are connected
- to a remote site or not:
- Make a directory - Right click on a blank area in the local directory window.
- Then left click on Make Directory. Enter the new directory name in the
- pop up window and click on Create.
- Delete a directory or filename - Right click on the directory or filename.
- Then left click on Delete.
- Rename a directory or filename - Right click on the directory or filename.
- Then left click on Rename. Enter the new name in the pop up window and
- click on Rename.
- Change the attributes of a directory or filename - Right click on the
- directory or filename. Then left click on Chmod. Set the attributes in
- the pop up menu and click on Change.
- Edit a file - Right click on the filename. Then left click on Edit. The
- file will be opened in the editor that you specified FTP->Options->Edit
- program.
- View a file - Right click on the filename. Then left click on View. The
- file will be opened in the program that you specified FTP->Options->View
- program.
- Refresh the listing - Right click on a blank area in the local directory
- window. Then left click on Refresh. gFTP will refresh the local
- directory listing.
- Change the filespec - Click on Local->Change Filespec. Then enter the
- filespec that you would like to see. For example you could enter *.html to
- eliminate everything but html files in the directory listing.
- 7.3. Formating the local directory window
- You can arrange the format of the local directory window by sliding the
- Filename, Size, User, Group, Date, and Attribs labels to wherever you want them.
- You can change the overall size of the local directory window by using a text
- editor to change the config file (/home/user/.gftp/gftrc). The parameters which
- control the local directory window size are listbox_local_width and
- listbox_file_height.
- 8. Remote directory
- The remote directory is the directory on a remote site from which you will
- download files or which you will use to receive uploaded files. A window
- showing the remote directory is located in the middle right of the gFTP screen.
- 8.1. Specifying the remote directory
- When you enter a URL in the Remote->Open URL window, gFTP shows that portion
- of the URL which designates a remote site directory name in the small window
- just above the remote directory window.
- 8.2. Formating the remote directory window
- You can arrange the format of the remote directory window by sliding the
- Filename, Size, User, Group, Date, and Attribs labels to wherever you want them.
- You can change the overall size of the remote directory window by using a
- text editor to change the config file (/home/user/.gftp/gftrc). The parameters
- which control the remote directory window size are listbox_remote_width and
- listbox_file_height.
- 9. Transfer window
- The transfer window is the second window from the bottom. It shows the queue
- and the progress of the current file transfer(s).
- 9.1. Queue
- The left hand side of the transfer window shows the queue of transfers to be
- done. You can stack several transfers in the queue and gFTP will work its way
- through the queue transferring the files in the order that they were entered in
- the queue. Whether gFTP does the transfers sequentially or in parallel is
- controlled by the "Do one transfer at a time" button. To find this button:
- click on FTP->Options. When the "Do one transfer at a time" button is on then
- gFTP will transfer files sequentially. When the "Do one transfer at a time"
- button is off then gFTP will open up a connection to each remote site listed
- in the transfer queue and do as many transfers in parallel as there are remote
- sites in the transfer queue.
- You can manipulate the entries on the transfers queue by first clicking on
- the entry to highlight it and then clicking on Transfers. The Transfers pop up
- menu makes these commands available:
- Stop Transfer - highlight the queue entry for the file currently being
- transferred and then click on Transfers->Stop Transfer
- Start Transfer - highlight the queue entry for the file you want to
- transfer next and then click on Transfers->Start
- Transfer
- Move File Up - move the file up one position in the queue
- Move File Down - move the file down one position in the queue
- Remove File - delete the file from the queue
- Skip Current File - leave the file name on the queue but do not transfer the
- file
- gFTP does not save the transfer queue when gFTP exits. If you exit gFTP and
- then start it again you will have an empty queue.
- 9.2. Progress
- The right hand side of the transfer window shows the status of the
- transfer(s) in progress. gFTP shows the % completion of the entire queue, the
- size of the file currently being transfered, how many bytes of the current file
- have already been transferred, which files are finished transfering, and which
- files are waiting to begin transfering. The progress report also shows the
- current transfer rate and gives an estimated length of time until the entire
- queue is transferred. Your milage may vary.
- 9.3. Formating the transfer window
- You can arrange the format of the transfer window by sliding the Filename and
- Progress labels to wherever you want them.
- You can change the height of the remote directory window by using a text
- editor to change the config file (/home/user/.gftp/gftrc). The parameter
- which controls the transfer window height is transfer_height.
- 10. Log and log window
- gFTP keeps a log (/home/user/.gftp/gftp.log) which records what gFTP has
- done. The log is erased and begun anew at each startup of gFTP. The log
- entries are displayed in the window at the bottom of the gFTP screen. You can
- specify a different location for your log file by clicking on FTP->Options and
- entering the now location in Log file.
- 10.1. Log commands
- If you right click anywhere on the log window then a pop up menu will appear
- with three commands:
- Clear - double clicking on Clear erases all of the log entries.
- View log - double clicking on View log launches the program you specified in
- FTP->Options->View program to display the log.
- Save log - double clicking on Save log opens a file tree display window which
- you can use to save the gFTP log anywhere that you want to put it.
- The Clear, View log, and Save log commands can also be accessed by clicking
- on the Logging button at the top of the gFTP screen.
- 10.2. Formating the log window
- You can change the overall size of the log window by using a text editor to
- change the config file (/home/user/.gftp/gftrc). The parameters which control
- the remote directory window size are log_height= and max_log_window_size=.
- You can change the colors of the various message types in the log window by
- using a text editor to change the config file (/home/user/.gftp/gftrc). The
- parameters which control the log window message colors are
- send_color=rrii:ggii:bbii, recv_color=rrii:ggii:bbii,
- error_color=rrii:ggii:bbii, and misc_color=rrii:ggii:bbii.
- rrii:ggii:bbii is the color code where each letter stands for a hexidecimal
- digit from o through f.
- rr - amount of red in the color
- gg - amount of green in the color
- bb - amount of blue in the color
- ii - intensity of the color
- examples: bright red rrii:ggii:bbii = ffff:0000:0000
- dull brown rrii:ggii:bbii = a000:8d80:4600
- 11. Bookmarks
- gFTP has a bookmarks file which looks and acts very similar to the bookmarks
- file in a web browser. gFTP comes with several popular download sites listed in
- the bookmarks file.
- 11.1. Using a bookmark entry
- To connect to a remote site, click on Bookmarks and a drop down menu appears.
- Navigate the tree until you find the site you want to connect to. Click on that
- entry and gFTP will connect to that site. If gFTP doesn't have a password for
- the site you are trying to connect to, it will prompt you for one. For
- security reasons, gFTP will not save this password in your bookmark file when it
- prompts you for it.
- 11.2. Adding a bookmark
- There are two ways to add a bookmark entry to the gFTP bookmark file:
- When you are connected to a site you can click on Bookmarks->Add bookmark.
- gFTP will open a window in which you enter the entire path name for the new
- entry. For example: If you find a Czech mirror site for SuSE downloads you
- could file the bookmark as SuSE Sites/Czech mirror and gFTP will add Czech
- mirror to the existing SuSE Sites folder.
- At any time, connected or not, you can add a bookmark entry by clicking on
- Bookmarks->Edit bookmarks. Then right click on a blank area of the bookmarks
- window. A menu will pop up. Click on New item. Then enter the entire path
- name of the new entry in the pop up window. (For example: To create the first
- site in a new Mandrake folder enter Mandrake Sites/USA mirror.) Click on
- create. At this point you have created a bookmark entry that does not point
- anywhere. Now right click on the new entry, click on Properties, and fill out
- the information requested in the pop up form. Click on Apply and click on OK.
- You are now finished adding the new bookmark entry.
- 11.3. Editing bookmarks
- You can change the details in a bookmark entry by clicking on Bookmarks->Edit
- bookmarks, right click on the bookmark entry, and click on Properties. A form
- will pop up which you can use to edit the entry. Then click on Apply and OK.
- You can delete a bookmark or an entire folder of bookmarks by clicking on
- Bookmarks->Edit bookmarks, right click on the bookmark entry, and click on
- Delete.
- You can rearrange bookmarks with drag and drop. Rearrangement of the
- bookmark entries in gFTP works very similar to the way that it works in most web
- browsers. You drag the entry to the appropriate spot in the directory tree and
- drop it. With a little practice you can get the entries to go where you want
- them to go.
- 11.4. Bookmark passwords
- If gFTP doesn't have a password for the bookmarked site you are trying to
- connect to, gFPT will prompt you for one. Due to security concerns, gFTP will
- not save this password in your bookmark file. If you want to save your
- password for a bookmarked site in the bookmark file, you should read the section
- on security concerns first. Then if you still want gFTP to remember your
- bookmark entry passwords there are two ways to do it.
- The easier way is to add the password manually to the bookmark file
- (/home/user/.gftp/bookmarks) using a text editor. An example of a bookmark
- entry containing a password is: ftp://user:password@ftp.myhostname.com/pub
- Or
- You can have gFTP add the bookmark password by: click on Edit bookmarks,
- right click on the appropriate bookmark entry, click on Properties, and turn
- off "Log in as ANONYMOUS". Then gFTP will make the Username and Password
- fields available for editing. Enter the Username and Password fields. Click
- on Apply and click on OK.
- 11.5. Bookmark security concerns
- When you save a password in the gFTP bookmark file you are creating a
- potential security vulnerabilty because gFTP does not encrypt stored passwords.
- Any cracker could write a program to extract passwords from the gFTP bookmarks
- file. You should weigh the chances of a malicious attack on your machine and
- the value of the password protected data versus the convenience of storing the
- passwords before deciding whether or not to store passwords in the bookmark
- file.
- 12. FTP protocol
- File Transfer Protocol is a hardware and software independent Internet
- protocol which is used to transfer information between servers and clients.
- Servers are computers which give out information and clients are computers that
- receive information. It is possible for a computer to be both an FTP client and
- server. gFTP allows your computer to act as a FTP client.
- When gFTP contacts a FTP server it establishes two connections, a control
- connection and a transfer connection. gFTP first establishes a control
- connection by sending an user id and a password to the server. Then gFTP
- requests that a particular file(s) be transferred. Once gFTP has started a FTP
- transfer gFTP can drop the control connection without interrupting the transfer.
- 12.1 Invoking FTP
- gFTP knows to use FTP by the first three letters of the URL. An URL for a
- FTP transfer begins with ftp://.
- Or
- Click on the button immediately to the left of the red light and click on FTP
- 13. HTTP protocol
- HyperText Transfer Protocol is a hardware and software independent Internet
- protocol which is used to transfer information between servers and clients. It
- is probably the most used protocol on the Internet. gFTP can act as a HTTP
- client.
- From the client standpoint the HTTP protocol is far simpler than the FTP
- protocol. Among other things, HTTP has no user ids and passwords. This
- simplicity makes file transfers using HTTP somewhat more simple minded.
- 13.1. Invoking HTTP
- gFTP knows to use HTTP by the first four letters of the URL. An URL for a
- HTTP transfer begins with HTTP://.
- Or
- Click on the button immediately to the left of the red light and click on
- HTTP.
- 14. SSH protocol
- SSH (Secure SHell) is a protocol which provides a high level of security
- for transfering files from one computer to another across the Internet. gFTP
- implements the SSH protocol by calling upon an SSH program to wrap a layer of
- security around what would otherwise be an ordinary FTP tansfer. In effect
- FTP "tunnels" through a secure SSH connection.
- 14.1. Configuring SSH
- In order to configure your SSH transfers click on FTP->Options->SSH and fill
- out the form. The required entries are:
- SSH Prog Name - This is the name of the program which provides the SSH
- wrapper.
- SSH Extra Params - These are the parameters that the SSH wrapper program
- needs to build an encryption key.
- 14.2. Invoking SSH
- gFTP knows to use SSH by the first three or four letters of the URL. An URL
- for a SSH transfer begins with ssh:// or ssh2://.
- Or
- Click on the button immediately to the left of the red light and click on
- either SSH or SSH2
- 14.3. SSH and SSH2
- SSH recently went through a major revision to plug known security holes. The
- latest version of SSH is called SSH2. SSH and SSH2 are not compatible with each
- other. gFTP supports both SSH and SSH2.
- 15. Miscellaneous commands
- 15.1. Window
- You can reverse the roles of the local window and the remote window. Click
- on FTP. The Window 1 and Window 2 buttons can be used to switch the roles of
- the local and remote windows. Window 2 is the default and this user's guide
- describes everything as set up by Window 2. Clicking on Window 1 switches the
- roles of the two windows to the mirror image of that described in this document.
- 15.2. SITE commands
- One of the features of the File Transfer Protocol is the ability to create
- SITE commands. A FTP server administrator can create customized commands for a
- FTP client program, such as gFTP, to use. These customized commands are called
- SITE commands.
- If you want to use a SITE command while you are connected to a FTP server
- then click on either Remote or Local, whichever is connected to the remote site
- in question. Then click on Send SITE Command and a pop up window will open.
- You can enter the SITE command in the window. Then click on OK and gFTP will
- send the SITE command to the FTP server.
- 15.3. Bidirectional transfers
- It is possible that you may want to open a connection to a remote site and
- transfer files in both directions. Click on Transfers and you will find some
- commands to help you change the direction of the transfers without having to
- drop the connection and restart it in the other direction. These commands are:
- Put Files - send the files on the transfer queue to the remote site
- Retrieve Files - copy the files on the transfer queue from the remote site
- to the local site
- 15.4. Clear cache
- gFTP keeps a cache of data from remote sites. It is possible that while you
- are working with a remote site other people are making changes to that site. To
- get rid of stale copies of the remote directory tree in the cache click on
- Tools->Clear Cache.
- 15.5. Compare Windows
- An easy way to check which files have been transferred and which files have
- not is to click on Tools->Compare Windows. gFTP will highlight any file names
- which appear in either the local directory or the remote directory but not both.
- 15.6. Disconnect
- You can disconnect from a remote site at any time. Disconnecting does not
- stop any transfers already in prograss. You can disconnect by:
- clicking on the red button when it is lit up
- Or
- clicking on Remote->Disconnect
- Or
- clicking on Local->Disconnect
- 16. Using gftp-text (the command line version of gftp)
- The gFTP package includes a completely functional command line version of
- gFTP. You can launch the command line version by typing in the command,
- gftp-text, at your console prompt. The command gftp is actually a script which
- decides whether, under the circumstances, to launch gftp-text or gftp-gtk. If
- gftp does not start the version that you want you can finesse that problem by
- using gftp-text or gftp-gtk instead of gftp.
- 16.1. Downloading entire directories and subdirectories
- If you want to download entire directories including subdirectories you
- should look at using gftp-text. Some downloads are simpler to invoke using
- gftp-text. For example:
- gftp-text -d ftp://ftp.somesite.com/someplace
- If someplace is a directory, it'll automatically download all its
- subdirectories as well. If you want to transfer a file through SSH instead of
- FTP then change the ftp:// to ssh://
- 16.2. Documentation for gftp-text
- gftp-text will give you a prompt: ftp>
- You can learn more about gftp-text by typing in help at the ftp> prompt. You
- can also get instructions in how to use gftp-text by typing in "man gftp" or
- "info gftp" at the console prompt.
- 17. Using gftp-gtk
- gftp-gtk is the name of the GUI version of gFTP. The gftp command is
- actually a script which decides whether, under the circumstances, to launch
- gftp-text or gftp-gtk.
- 18. Configuring gFTP
- All of the gFTP configuration options are specified in the file
- /home/user/.gftp/gftprc.
- 18.1. Proxy host setup
- If your computer is on a local network then you are probably connected to the
- internet through a proxy host. A proxy host can connect several users to the
- internet. A proxy host often also acts as a firewall, possibly filtering
- messages in both directions. If you are connected to the internet through a
- proxy host then gFTP needs passwords and other configuration information to
- make a connection through the proxy host to the internet.
- To set up your proxy host and/or firewall configuration, click on
- FTP->Options. You can click on HTTP Proxy and FTP Proxy to set up your
- proxy hosts, user names, and passwords. In the FTP Proxy form, you can set up
- how you want gFTP to log into the proxy host. I have many of the common types
- of proxy hosts that you will encounter already descried in gFTP. If you are
- using a very complex proxy host configuration then you may have to use a text
- editor to edit the config file (/home/user/.gftp/gftprc). The fields in the
- config file that pertain to proxy host and/or firewall configuration are:
- # Firewall hostname
- firewall_host=
- # Port to connect to on the firewall
- firewall_port=21
- # Your firewall username
- firewall_username=
- # Your firewall password
- firewall_password=
- # Your firewall account (optional)
- firewall_account=
- # This specifies how your proxy server expects us to log in
- proxy_config=
- # Firewall hostname
- http_proxy_host=
- # Port to connect to on the firewall
- http_proxy_port=80
- # Your firewall username
- http_proxy_username=
- # Your firewall password
- http_proxy_password=
- 18.2. Proxy security concerns
- When you have gFTP save a proxy password you are creating a potential
- security vulnerabilty. gFTP does not encrypt stored passwords. They are kept
- in plain text in the file, /home/user/.gftp/gftprc. Any cracker could write
- a program to extract passwords from the gftprc file. You should weigh the
- chances of a malicious attack on your machine and the value of the proxy
- passwords versus the convenience of storing the passwords before deciding
- whether or not have gFTP store proxy passwords. Also if you are on a local
- network then you are probably a member of a beaurocracy, lucky you. In that
- case you should give a passing thought to your organization's security rules.
- 18.3. Configuring file extensions
- gFTP has the ability to use mime types. Some mime types come pre-configured
- with gFTP and you have complete control to configure the gFTP mime types any way
- that you want.
- Towards the bottom of the config file (/home/user/.gftp/gftprc), there is a
- section that has some ext= lines. Here you can control via a file extension,
- the icon in the listbox for it, the default transfer method (ascii or binary),
- and a default view/edit program. For example, let's take the line:
- ext=.xcf:gimp.xpm:B:gimp
- The first token, .xcf, is the file extension. The next token, gimp.xpm, is
- the default icon to use in the listboxes. You don't have to specify one if
- you don't want to. By default, gFTP will search ~/.gftp, $(PREFIX)/share/gftp
- (where prefix is your installation prefix), and then /usr/share/icons in that
- order. The files must be valid xpm files. The next token, B, specifies
- whether or not to transfer a file as Binary or Ascii. If you want to have
- something transfer as Ascii, put an A there. If you omit this field, then gFTP
- will transfer the file according to whether ascii or binary is selected in
- the FTP menu. The final token, gimp, specifies the name of the program to run
- to view or edit a file with that extension. You can omit this as well if you
- like.
- 18.4. Desktop icon
- You can set up gFTP to be started from your Gnome or KDE desktop. The
- program name can be either gftp or gftp-gtk. Some suitable gFTP icons are
- available in /usr/share/gftp: gftp.xpm down.xpm world.xpm
- 19. Staying in touch
- 19.1. gFTP bugs
- gFTP is released under the GNU General Public License. As such there is
- ABSOLUTELY NO WARRENTY with gFTP. That said, if you run into ANY bugs in gFTP
- please let me know. I take pride in making gFTP as bug free as possible. Since
- gFTP is used on a wide variety of hardware and software configurations bugs will
- sometimes crop up that I never could have anticipated on the configuration I use
- to develop gFTP. Please include as much information as possible in your bug
- description. It is better to report too much detail than to report too little
- detail in your bug report. Basically, I need enough information to be able to
- recreate the bug on my machine. The information that might be useful to me
- could include:
- The gFTP version number you are using and what installation method (tarball
- or rpm). For example:
- I am using gFTP-2.0.13.tar.gz.
- Please tell me your hardware and software configuration. For example:
- Configuration:
- AMD 1.2G CPU with 256M ram
- Mandrake 8.1 distribution
- KDE 2.2 desktop
- KWvDial 0.10 -> dial up modem
- kernel 2.2.10
- Please tell me enough about the problem so that I can try to recreate it.
- For example:
- I was connected to jungle.metalab.unc.edu, which is a Mandrake mirror, to do
- some downloads. I connected OK using the Remote->Open URL window. I went to
- a directory called /pub/Linux/distributions/mandrake/Mandrake/8.1/SRPMS/ and
- double clicked on the file alien-7.27-1mdk.src.rpm. gFTP entered this file
- name in the queue twice and downloaded it twice. I think gFTP should have
- only downloaded it once. This happens intermittently. Sometimes gFTP downloads
- files once and sometimes it downloads files twice. gFTP always downloads
- alien-7.27-1mdk.src.rpm twice.
- Please attach the gFTP log file (/home/user/.gftp/gftp.log) to your report.
- If you are having trouble with gFTP bookmarks please attach the gFTP bookmark
- file (/home/user/.gftp/bookmarks) to your report.
- If you are having trouble with the gFTP configuration please attach the gFTP
- configuration file (/home/user/.gftp/gftprc) to your report.
- If you keep passwords in your bookmark file or your configuration file you might
- want to x out the passwords before you send the file to me.
- Please send your bug report to:
- Brian Masney masneyb@gftp.org
- Elkview, WV USA
- If you find a bug in an older version of gFTP, that bug might already be fixed
- in the latest version of gFTP. You can find the latest version at the gFTP
- download site by clicking on Bookmarks->General Sites->gFTP.
- 19.2. gFTP mailing list
- There is a mailing list available where you can receive announcements about
- new versions of gFTP. It is an extremely quiet mailing list and I promise not
- to spam you. To subscribe to the gFTP mailing list, send a message to
- majordomo@seul.org with the words subscribe gftp-announce in the body.
- 19.3. gFTP home page and FAQ
- You can find the latest information about gFTP at the gFTP home page or on
- the gFTP Frequently Asked Questions.
- gFTP home page: http://www.gftp.org/
- gFTP FAQ: http://www.gftp.org/faq.html
- 20. Legal section
- Click on Help->About->License Agreement to find a copy of the GNU General
- Public License
- 20.1. Copying gFTP
- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
- along with this program; if not, write to:
- Free Software Foundation, Inc.
- 59 Temple Place - Suite 330
- Boston, MA 02111
- USA
- 20.2. Warrenty
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
- GNU General Public License for more details.
- 20.3. Source code
- gFTP is open source software under the terms of the GNU General Public
- License. You can find the gFTP source code by clicking on
- Bookmarks->General Sites->gFTP. The tarballs on the gFTP web site contain both
- source and binary. The rpm packages are split into binary rpms and source
- rpms. The Debian packages contain both binary and source. You may use the
- gFTP source code in any way that you wish as long as you conform to the terms
- of the GNU General Public License. If you fix any bugs or add any useful
- features to gFTP you might consider sending your changes to me to be
- incorporated into a future release of gFTP. I welcome any help you might give
- me in improving gFTP.